Reference Type Authors, Primary Title Primary Periodical Full Periodical Abbrev Pub Year Pub Date Free From Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Keywords Abstract Notes Authors, Secondary Title Secondary Edition Publisher Place Of Publication Authors, Tertiary Authors, Quaternary Authors, Quinary Title, Tertiary ISSN/ISBN Availability Author/Address Accession Number Language Classification Sub file/Database Original Foreign Title Links DOI Call Number Database Data Source Identifying Phrase Retrieved Date Shortened Title User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 User 7 User 8 User 9 User 10 User 11 User 12 User 13 User 14 User 15 Book, Section Aarons,S. R.;Danesch,D.;Young,N. D. DNA genetic marker mapping of genes for bacterial wilt resistance in tomato 1993 170 175 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Abd-Alla,M. H.;Bashandy,S. R. Bacterial wilt and spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum in Egypt World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008 FEB 24 2 291 292 PT: J 0959-3993 000252476900021 Journal Article Abdullah,H.;Othman,W. M. W.;Blom,J. Occurrence of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum on Sesbania rostrata in Malaysia Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1993 MAR 77 3 318 PT: J 0191-2917 A1993KQ11400031 Book, Section Abdullah,H.;Rahman,M. A. Multiplication of Ralstonia solanacearum in Capsicum annum 1998 309 315 Prior,P.;Allen,C.;Elphinstone,J. Bacterial wilt disease: Molecular and ecological aspects Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany Journal Article Abdullah,H.;Sijam,K. Effect of selected vegetable crops on a bacterial wilt pathogen population and their use in crop rotation during programmes for bacterial wilt disease control Acta Horticulturae Acta Hort. 1992 292 161 165 Journal Article Acharya,Sandeep;Srivastava,R. C. Bactericidal properties of the leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Psidium guineense against Ralstonia solanacearum by two analytical methods Vegetos Vegetos 2009 DEC 22 2 33 37 Bactericide;Psidium guajava;Psidium guineense;Ralstonia solanacearum;Plant Sciences Extracts of two medicinal plants-Psidium guajava and P. guineense were evaluated in vitro in different organic solvents, viz., benzene, acetone, chloroform, methanol, petroleum ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. All these preparations displayed bactericidal effect against Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt in Solanaceae plants. Among them, the ethanol part of leaf crude extracts prepared from the leaves of Psidium guajava and P. guineense shows maximum inhibition as compared to aqueous extract as control and Tetracycline and Streptomycin as standards. The inhibition of P. guajava against Ralstonia solanacearum equalizes near about to P. guineense in both disc diffusion and silica cotton method but less than the both standard antibiotics. PT: J; NR: 14; TC: 0; J9: VEGETOS; PG: 5; GA: 592CQ SOC PLANT RESEARCH MEERUT; O-89, PALLAVPURAM PHASE-II, MEERUT, 250 110 U P, INDIA 0970-4078 [Acharya, Sandeep; Srivastava, R. C.] Tripura Univ, Dept Bot, Plant Physiol & Biochem Res Lab, Suryamaninagar 799130, Tripura, India.; Acharya, S, Tripura Univ, Dept Bot, Plant Physiol & Biochem Res Lab, Suryamaninagar 799130, Tripura, India.; organicsandeep@yahoo.com 000277353100005 English Article Journal Article Achenbach,U.;Mangravita-Novo,A.;Yuen,J.;Norman,D. Variation in host-pathogen interactions of Ralstonia solanacearum strains at different temperatures linked to their phylogenetic relationship HortScience HortScience 2008 43 4 1220 No abstract Journal Article Adebayo,O. S.;Ekpo,E. J. A. Biovar of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of tomato in Nigeria Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2005 OCT 89 10 1129 PT: J 0191-2917 000231959500023 Journal Article Adebusoye,S. A.;Ilori,M. O.;Picardal,F. W.;Amund,O. O. Metabolism of chlorinated biphenyls: Use of 3,3 '- and 3,5-dichlorobiphenyl as sole sources of carbon by natural species of Ralstonia and Pseudomonas Chemosphere Chemosphere 2008 JAN 70 4 656 663 PT: J 0045-6535 000253254600012 Journal Article Adebusoye,S. A.;Ilori,M. O.;Picardal,F. W.;Amund,O. O. Cometabolic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by axenic cultures of Ralstonia sp. strain SA-5 and Pseudomonas sp. strain SA-6 obtained from Nigerian contaminated soils World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008 JAN 24 1 61 68 PT: J 0959-3993 000251887400009 Journal Article Adhikari,T. B. Identification of biovars and races of Pseudomonas solanacearum and sources of resistance in tomato in Nepal Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1993 77 9 905 907 Journal Article Adhikari,T. B.;Basnyat,R. C. Effect of crop rotation and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt of tomato in Nepal Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology Can. J. Plant Pathol. 1998 20 283 287 Book, Section Adhikari,T. B.;Manandhar,J. B.;Hartman,G. L. Characterisation of Pseudomonas solanacearum and evaluation of tomatoes in Nepal 1993 132 137 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Report Aerts,M. J.;Nesheim,O. N. Florida crops/Pest management profiles: potatoes 2000 Dec. Cir 1237 11 University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Florida, U. S. Journal Article Afroz,Amber;Khan,Muhammad Rashid;Ahsan,Nagib;Komatsu,Setsuko Comparative proteomic analysis of bacterial wilt susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars Peptides Peptides 2009 SEP 30 9 1600 1607 Bacterial wilt;Jasmonic acid;Proteome;Salicylic acid;Tomato;PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE;APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1;DISEASE;RESISTANCE;RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM;GENE-EXPRESSION;RICE;INDUCTION;STRESS;FRUIT;ACID;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;Pharmacology & Pharmacy To investigate the molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance in susceptible and resistant cultivars of tomato, a proteomic approach was adopted. Four cultivars of tomato were selected on the basis of their response to bacterial (Pseudomonas solanacearum) inoculation wherein cultivar Roma and Riogarande, and cultivar Pusa Ruby and Pant Bahr were considered as resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Proteins were extracted from leaves of 3-week-old seedlings of the four cultivars and separated by 2-DE. A total of nine proteins were found to be differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant cultivars. Amino acid sequences of these proteins were determined with a protein sequencer. The identified proteins belongs to the categories of energy, protein destination and storage, and defense. Of these proteins, a 60 kDa chaperonin and an apical membrane antigen were significantly upregulated in resistant cultivars compared with susceptible cultivars. Application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid resulted in significant changes in levels of apical membrane antigen and protein disulfide-isomerase. Taken together, these results suggest that apical membrane antigen might be involved in bacterial resistance process through salicylic acid induced defense mechanism signaling in tomato plants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PT: J; NR: 58; TC: 0; J9: PEPTIDES; PG: 8; GA: 489EJ ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK; 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA 0196-9781 [Afroz, Amber; Ahsan, Nagib; Komatsu, Setsuko] Natl Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Afroz, Amber; Khan, Muhammad Rashid] Quaid I Azam Univ, Islamabad, Pakistan.; Komatsu, S, Natl Inst Crop Sci, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan.; skomatsu@affrc.go.jp 000269402500002 English Article 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.005 Journal Article Aggarwal,P.;Sood,A. K.;Kumar,P. Performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars against bacterial wilt Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2008 78 4 379 381 No abstract Journal Article Akiew,E. Bacterial wilt of diploid Musa caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum race 1 in Australia Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1992 JUL 76 7 753 PT: J 0191-2917 A1992HZ37000026 Journal Article Aldon,D.;Brito,B.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. A bacterial sensor of plant cell contact controls the transcriptional induction of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity genes EMBO Journal EMBO J. 2000 MAY 15 19 10 2304 2314 PT: J 0261-4189 000087140800017 Journal Article Aldon,D.;Genin,S. Ralstonia solanacearum - a plant pathogen in touch with its host: Response Trends in Microbiology Trends Microbiol. 2000 NOV 8 11 489 PT: J 0966-842X 000165371400004 Journal Article Ali,M.;Okubo,H.;Fujieda,K. Production and characterization of Solanum Amphidiploids and their resistance to bacterial wilt Scientia Horticulturae Scientia Hortic. 1992 MAR 49 3-4 181 196 PT: J 0304-4238 A1992HJ94200002 Journal Article Aliye,N.;Fininsa,C.;Hiskias,Y. Evaluation of rhizosphere bacterial antagonists for their potential to bioprotect potato (Solanum tuberosum) against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) Biological Control Biol. Control 2008 47 3 282 288 Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the production constraints of potato (Solanum tuberosum). The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacteria] antagonists to suppress bacterial wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in potato. One hundred-twenty rhizosphere bacterial isolates were screened against virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum PPRC-Rs. After in vitro screening, six antagonistic strains (PFMRI, BS-DFS, PF9, PF20, BC, and BS-wly) with inhibition diameter >11 mm were selected and studied further in the greenhouse, in vivo. During in vivo study, the strains were evaluated for their effect in suppressing disease development in terms of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and increasing biomass (plant height and dry weight) of potato. Accordingly, PFMRI, BS-DFS, and PF9, significantly reduced AUDPC by 78.6, 66, and 64.3%, and wilt incidence by 82.7, 66.2, and 65.7%, respectively, compared to the control. During the sole application, the strains significantly (P < 0.0001) increased plant height by 35.6, 45.9, and 45%, and dry matter by 111, 130.4, and 129%, respectively compared to non-bacterized control. In the presence of the pathogen strain PFMRI, BS-DFS, and PF9 increased plant height by 66, 50, and 48.2%, and dry matter by 153.8, 96.8, and 92.5%, respectively compared to the pathogen treated control. Hence, the study shows that PFMRI, BS-DFS, and PF9 strains have potential use in potato bioprotection, as PGPR or in an integrated bacterial wilt management; whose effectiveness under a variety of field conditions should be investigated. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal Article Allen,C. A century of phytobacteriology: Old and new questions about bacterial wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S190 In 1896 Erwin F. Smith used Koch’s Postulates to show that Bacillus solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease of tomato and potato. In the next few decades, researchers focused on understanding how the pathogen survives, infects, and induces wilting on such a wide range of hosts. Early 20th-century plant pathologists asked how B. solanacearum survived without host plants; did it latently infect weeds or native plants, or multiply in water? How did the bacterium form the latent infections that threatened vegetatively propagated hosts like potato and banana? What explained the extreme heterogenity of the species, and its rapid loss of virulence in culture? Finally, what was the mechanism of wilting – did the bacterium produce a toxin injurious to the plant or simply obstruct the xylem vessels? Although we have partial answers to some of these questions, most, such as the mechanisms underlying variability, wilting and latent infections, are still actively studied. The epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum (as it is now known) remains poorly understood, and most wilt disease control methods would be familiar to E. F. Smith. Genomic-level analyses combined with in planta imaging and gene expression monitoring are allowing us to address old questions in a systematic, integrated way. Using these tools to study the pathogen in natural hosts, we hope to better understand the environment this bacterium experiences inside its host plants, and the tools it uses to succeed there. Journal Article Allen,C. Strategies for managing bacterial wilt diseases of tomato, potato, and export ornamentals Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S148 S149 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470001319 Journal Article Allen,C.;Gay,J.;SimonBuela,L. A regulatory locus, pehSR, controls polygalacturonase production and other virulence functions in Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1997 DEC 10 9 1054 1064 PT: J 0894-0282 A1997YG97900003 Journal Article Allen,C.;Huang,Y.;Sequeira,L. Cloning of genes affecting polygalacturonase production in Pseudomonas solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1991 4 2 147 154 Book, Section Allen,C.;Kelman,A.;French,E. R. Brown rot 2001 11 13 Stevenson,W. R.;Loria,R.;Franc,G. D.;Weingartner,D. P. Compendium of potato diseases 2nd. APS Press St. Paul, M. N. Book, Section Alvarez,A. M.;Berestecky,J.;Stiles,J. I.;Ferreira,S. A.;Benedict,A. A. Serological and molecular approaches to identification of Pseudomonas solanacearum strains from Heliconia 1993 62 69 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Alvarez,A. M.;Swafford,M.;Berestecky,J. Differentiation of virulent and avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum strains with species-specific monoclonal antibodies Phytopathology Phytopathology 2000 90 S3. Publication no. P-2000-0014-AMA Journal Article Alvarez,B.;Lopez,M. M.;Biosca,E. G. Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms Microbiology-Sgm Microbiology-Sgm 2008 154 3590 3598 Survival strategies exhibited over 4 years by Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype (ph) II biovar (bv) 2 in environmental water microcosms were examined. The bacterium is a devastating phytopathogen whose ph II bv 2 causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops and ornamental plants. Outbreaks of the disease may originate from dissemination of the pathogen in watercourses, where it has to cope with prolonged nutrient limitation. To ascertain the effect of long-term starvation on survival and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum in natural water microcosms, survival experiments were conducted. Microcosms were prepared from different sterile river water samples, inoculated separately with two European strains of ph II at 10(6) C.f.U. ml(-1) and maintained at 24 degrees C for 4 years. In all assayed waters, starved R. solanacearum remained in a non-growing but culturable state during the first year, maintaining approximately the initial numbers. Thereafter, part of the population of R. solanacearum progressively lost the ability to form colonies, and non-culturable but metabolically active cells appeared. During the whole period, the bacterium remained pathogenic on host plants and underwent a transition from typical bacilli to small cocci which tended to aggregate. Some starved R. solanacearum cells filamented and formed buds. Starvation response, viable but non-culturable state, morphological changes and aggregation have not previously been reported for this pathogen as survival mechanisms induced in oligotrophic conditions. The potential existence of long-starved pathogenic cells in environmental waters may raise new concerns about the epidemiology of bacterial wilt disease. Journal Article Alvarez,B.;Lopez,M. M.;Biosca,E. G. Influence of native microbiota on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II in river water microcosms Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 NOV 73 22 7210 7217 PT: J 0099-2240 000251103300012 Journal Article Alvarez,B.;Vasse,J.;Le-Courtois,V.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;Lopez,M. M.;Trigalet,A. Comparative behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 JAN 98 1 59 68 PT: J 0031-949X 000252127600009 Journal Article Aly,M. M.;Abd El Ghafar,N. Y. New disease report: Bacterial wilt of artichoik caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Egypt Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2000 49 807 Journal Article Aly,M. M.;Abd El Ghafar,N. Y. Bacterial wilt of artichoke caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Egypt Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2000 DEC 49 6 807 807 PT: J 0032-0862 000165932300026 Conference Proceedings Amat,Z.;Albornoz,A.;Hevesi,M.;Stefanova,M. Pseudomonas solanacearum detected in a naturally infested soil containing a new wild host 1978 2 869 873 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Angers, France INRA Angers, France Book, Section Anand,N.;Sadashiva,A. T.;Tikoo,S. K.;Ramkishun;Madhavi Reddy,K. Resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato: gene dosage effects 1993 142 148 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Anderson,R. C.;Gardner,D. E. An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum as a potential biological control agent for the alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) in Hawaii forests Biological Control Biol. Control 1999 15 89 96 Journal Article Angot,A.;Peeters,N.;Lechner,E.;Vailleau,F.;Baud,C.;Gentzbittel,L.;Sartorel,E.;Genschik,P.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. Ralstonia solanacearum requires F-box-like domain-containing type III effectors to promote disease on several host plants PNAS PNAS 2006 103 39 14620 14625 Journal Article Anith,K. N.;Momol,M. T.;Kloepper,J. W.;Marois,J. J.;Olson,S. M.;Jones,J. B. Efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and soil amendment for integrated pest management of bacterial wilt of tomato Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2004 88 669 673 Journal Article Ano,G.;Hebert,Y.;Prior,P.;Messiaen,C. M. A New Source of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt of Eggplants obtained from a Cross - Solanum-Aethiopicum L X Solanum-Melongena L Agronomie Agronomie 1991 11 7 555 560 PT: J 0249-5627 A1991GJ88100003 Report Anonymous USDA's Economic Research Service Annual Report 2004 Journal Article Anton,A.;Grosse,C.;Reissmann,J.;Pribyl,T.;Nies,D. H. CzcD is a heavy metal ion transporter involved in regulation of heavy metal resistance in Ralstonia sp strain CH34 Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1999 NOV 181 22 6876 6881 PT: J 0021-9193 000083790200003 Journal Article Anuratha,C. S.;Gnanamanickam,S. S. Biological-Control of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum in India with Antagonistic Bacteria Plant and Soil Plant Soil 1990 MAY 124 1 109 116 PT: J 0032-079X A1990DQ28800015 Journal Article Aoki,M.;Uehara,K.;Koseki,K.;Tsuji,K.;Iijima,M.;Ono,K.;Samejima,T. An Antimicrobial Substance Produced by Pseudomonas-Cepacia B5 Against the Bacterial Wilt Disease Pathogen, Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Agricultural and Biological Chemistry Agric. Biol. Chem. 1991 MAR 55 3 715 722 PT: J 0002-1369 A1991FF32000013 Journal Article Aoki,M.;Uehara,K.;Tsuji,K.;Ono,K.;Iijima,M. Large-Scale Culture and Preservation Methods of Pseudomonas-Cepacia B5 for Biological-Control Against Bacterial Wilt Disease Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 1993 APR 57 4 668 669 PT: J 0916-8451 A1993LA02700036 Report APHIS-PPQ Minimum sanitation protocols for offshore geranium cutting production 2004 Dec., 1 27 USDA, APHIS, PPQ. Pest Detection and Management Programs Riverdale, M. D. Journal Article Aragaki,M.;Quinon,V. L. Bacterial wilt of ornamental gingers (Hedychium spp.) caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1965 49 378 379 Journal Article Arahal,D. R.;Llop,P.;Alons,M. P.;Lopez,M. M. In silico evaluation of molecular probes for detection and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Systematic and Applied Microbiology Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 2004 SEP 27 5 581 591 PT: J 0723-2020 000224248400010 Journal Article Araud-Razou,I.;Vasse,J.;Montrozier,H.;Etchebar,C.;Trigalet,A. Detection and visualization of the major acidic exopolysaccharide of Ralstonia solanacearum and its role in tomato root infection and vascular colonization European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1998 104 795 809 Journal Article Aribaud,Marcel;Noirot,Michel;Gauvin,Anne;Da Silva-Robert,Christine;Fock,Isabelle;Kodja,Hippolyte Evidence of parietal amine oxidase activity in Solanum torvum Sw. stem calli after Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2009 APR 47 4 313 321 Aromatic monoamine oxidase;Cell wall;Ralstonia solanacearum;Solanum torvum;Tyramine;POLYAMINE OXIDASE;DISEASE RESISTANCE;MONOAMINE OXIDASE;DEFENSE;RESPONSES;TYRAMINE OXIDASE;OXIDATIVE BURST;PLANT DEFENSE;COPPER;BARLEY;LOCALIZATION;Plant Sciences Calli induced from Solanum torvum stem explants were inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum under partial vacuum. All calli showed a hypersensitive response after infiltration. Furthermore, amine oxidase activity with aldehyde and H2O2 production was detected in semi-purified cell walls of calli infiltrated by the bacteria. Due to its preferential affinity for monoamines, this enzyme is supposed to have monoamine oxidase-like (MAO-like) activity. Moreover, the presence of hydroxyl radicals in the aromatic cycle alters the oxidative deamination kinetics of potential substrates. Indeed, the oxidation of dopamine (+2, OH) was shown to be faster than that of tyramine (+1, OH), which in turn was faster than that of phenylethylamine (0, OH). The MAO-like catalytic activity was significantly inhibited by some reducing agents such as sodium bisulphite and cysteine, and also by tryptamine under anaerobiosis. This latter result suggested that the prosthetic group of the MAO-like enzyme could be a tyrosine-derived 6-hydroxytopaquinone structure. Finally, the sigmoid kinetics of the MAO-like enzyme in semi-purified cell walls did not correspond to that expected for a purified MAO, suggesting that the kinetics were affected by some factors present in cell walls. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. PT: J; NR: 51; TC: 0; J9: PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM; PG: 9; GA: 429IY ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS; 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE 0981-9428 [Aribaud, Marcel; Fock, Isabelle; Kodja, Hippolyte] Univ La Reunion, CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu T, Fac Sci & Technol, F-97715 St Denis 9, Reunion. [Aribaud, Marcel; Noirot, Michel] Univ La Reunion, CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu T, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion. [Gauvin, Anne] Univ La Reunion, Fac Sci & Technol, Lab Chim Subst Nat & Sci Aliments, F-97715 St Denis 9, Reunion. [Da Silva-Robert, Christine] Univ La Reunion, Fac Sci & Technol, Lab Biochim & Genet Mol, F-97715 St Denis 9, Reunion.; Kodja, H, Univ La Reunion, CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu T, Fac Sci & Technol, 15 Ave Rene Cassin,BP 7151, F-97715 St Denis 9, Reunion.; hippolyte.kodja@univ-reunion.fr 000264915300011 English Article 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.025 Journal Article Arlat,M.;Boucher,C. Identification of a dsp DNA region controlling aggressiveness of Pseudomonas solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1991 4 2 211 213 Journal Article Arlat,M.;Gough,C. L.;Zischek,C.;Barberis,P. A.;Trigalet,A.;Boucher,C. A. Transcriptional organization and expression of the large hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1992 Mar-Apr 5 2 187 193 Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial;Genes, Bacterial;Multigene Family;Mutagenesis, Insertional;Plants/microbiology;Pseudomonas/genetics;Restriction Mapping;Transcription, Genetic Cloning and localized mutagenesis of the larger cluster of hrp genes of Pseudomonas solanacearum strain GMI1000 allowed the definition of the borders of this cluster, which now extends about 2 kb to the left of the insert of the previously described plasmid pVir2 (Boucher et al. 1987, J. Bacteriol. 169:5626-5632). The size of the cluster has also been expanded 3 kb to the right to include a region previously described as dsp; our present data demonstrate that insertions occurring in these 3 kb lead to leaky mutations affecting both pathogenicity on tomato and ability to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on tobacco. Therefore, the size of the entire hrp gene cluster is estimated to be about 22 kb. The use of transposon Tn5-B20, which promotes transcriptional gene fusions, allowed us to demonstrate that the hrp gene cluster is organized in a minimum of six transcriptional units, which are transcribed when the culture is grown in minimal medium but are repressed during growth in rich medium or in the presence of peptone or Casamino Acids. The level of expression in minimal medium is modulated by the carbon source provided; pyruvate is the best inducer. Under these conditions the level of expression observed in vitro appears to be representative of the actual expression observed in planta. LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 9107902; ppublish UNITED STATES 0894-0282 Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France. PMID: 1617200 eng Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM Book, Section Arlat,M.;van Gijsegen,S.;Genin,S.;Gough,C.;Zishek,C.;Barberis,P.;Boucher,C. Studies of the Hrp pathogenicity genes from Pseudomonas solanacearum GMI1000. 1993 232 237 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Arwiyanto,T.;Goto,M.;Tsuyumu,S.;Takikawa,Y. Biological control of bacterial wilt of tomato by an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum isolated from Strelitzia reginae Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1994 60 421 430 Journal Article Ascarrunz,S. D. M.;Honjo,H.;Natsuaki,T.;Fukui,R. Viable-but-non-culturable: Critical conditions determining life and death of Ralstonia solanacearum under different types of stress Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S79 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000487 Journal Article Askora,A.;Kawasaki,T.;Usami,S.;Fujie,M.;Yamada,T. Host recognition and integration of filamentous phage phi RSM in the phytopathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum Virology Virology 2009 384 1 69 76 Two prophages, called phi RSM3 and phi RSM4, that are closely related to, but differ from, filamentous phage phi RSM1, have been detected in strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. The prophage phi RSM3, found in host strain MAFF730139, could be converted to infectious phage by means of PCR and transfection. The nucleotide sequence of phi RSM3 is highly conserved relative to phi RSM7 except for open reading frame 2 (ORF2), encoding an unknown protein, and ORF9 encoding the presumed adsorption protein that determines host range. The two host ranges differ dramatically and correlate closely with different gel electrophoresis banding patterns for cell surface fimbriae. Infections by phi RSM1 and phi RSM3 enhance bacterial cell aggregation and reduce the bacterial host virulence in tomato plants. Database searches in the R. solanacearum strains of known genomic sequence revealed two inovirus prophages, one designated phi RSM4 that is homologous to phi RSM1 and phi RSM3, and one homologues to RSS1, in the genome of strain UW551. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal Article Autrique,A.;Potts,M. The influence of mixed cropping on the control of potato bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) Annals of Applied Biology Ann. Appl. Biology. 1987 111 125 133 Journal Article Averre III,C. W.;Kelman,A. Severity of bacterial wilt as influenced by ratio of virulent to avirulent cells of Pseudomonas solanacearum in inoculum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1964 54 779 783 Journal Article Aves-Ilagan,Y.;Lavina,W. A.;Denny,T. P.;Raymundo,A. K. Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based technique for the detection of Philippine banana strains of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. Philippine Agricultural Scientist Philipp. Agric. Scientist 2003 DEC 86 4 385 393 PT: J 0031-7454 000187884000006 Journal Article Bakken,L. Separation and purification of bacteria from soil Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985 49 6 1482 1487 Journal Article Balatero,C. H.;Hautea,D. M.;Hanson,P. M.;Narciso,J. O. Development of molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding for bacterial wilt resistance in tomato Philippine Agricultural Scientist 2002 JUN 85 2 170 181 PT: J 0031-7454 000176430600007 Journal Article Baptist,J.;Shaw,C.;Mandel,M. Comparative zone electrophoresis of enzymes of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Pseudomonas cepacia Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1971 108 2 799 803 Journal Article Baptista,M. J.;Reis,F. B.;Xavier,G. R.;de Alcantara,C.;de Oliveira,A. R.;Souza,R. B.;Lopes,C. A. Efficiency of solarization and biofumigation on tomato bacterial wilt control in the field Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2007 JUL 42 7 933 938 PT: J 0100-204X 000248720200004 Journal Article Barlow,E.;Sequeira,L.;Hanneman,R. Screening the Ir-1 Collection of Solanum Species for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 1986 OCT 76 10 1137 1137 PT: J 0031-949X A1986F034600638 Book, Section Barnes,J. A.;Vawdrey,L. Breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt of tomato in Queesnsland, Australia 1993 124 125 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Barretti,P. B.;de Souza,R. M.;Pozza,E. A. Endophytic bacteria as agents of plant growth promotion in tomato and inhibition in vitro of Ralstonia solanacearum Ciencia e Agrotecnologia Cienc. Agrotec. 2008 32 3 731 739 Out of one hundred and fifty isolates of endophytic bacteria from leaves, stems and roots of healthy tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), fifty three showed ability to promote tomato plant growth, among these, ten isolates UFV-E17, UFV-E22, UFV-E25, UFV-E26, UFV-E27, Bacillus cereus (UFV-E29), UFV-E49, UFLA 06-LS, UFLA 08-LS and UFLA 11-LS, provided the largest plant growth promotion. Weekly assessment of plant height and number of leaves and leaflets were carried out during 45 days. After the sixth evaluation, the leaf area and the fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants and of the roots were measured. Isolate UFV-E49 provided the largest values of height, leaf area, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants as well as the root. From the selected isolates, only two presented antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Journal Article Bateman,D. F.;Lumsden,R. D. Relation of calcium content and nature of pectic substances in bean hypocotyles of different ages to susceptibility to an isolate of Rhizoctonia solani Phytopathology Phytopathology 1965 55 734 738 Journal Article Becher,D.;Specht,M.;Hammer,E.;Francke,W.;Schauer,F. Cometabolic degradation of dibenzofuran by biphenyl-cultivated Ralstonia sp strain SBUG 290 Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000 OCT 66 10 4528 4531 PT: J 0099-2240 000089649700055 Journal Article Belbahri,L.;Boucher,C.;Candresse,T.;Nicole,M.;Ricci,P.;Keller,H. A local accumulation of the Ralstonia solanacearum PopA protein in transgenic tobacco renders a compatible plant-pathogen interaction incompatible Plant Journal 2001 NOV 28 4 419 430 PT: J 0960-7412 000172789200005 Journal Article Benhamou,N.;Gagne,S.;Le Quere,D.;Dehbi,L. Bacterial-mediated induced resistance in cucumber: beneficial effect of the endophytic bacterium Serratia plymuthica on the protection against infection by Phythium ultimum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2000 90 1 45 56 Journal Article Bentsink,L.;Leone,G. O. M.;van Beckhoven,J. R. C. M.;van Schijndel,H. B.;van Gemen,B.;van der Wolf,J. M. Amplification of RNA by NASBA allows direct detection of viable cells of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato Journal of Applied Microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 2002 93 4 647 655 PT: J 1364-5072 000178042600015 Journal Article Berg,L. A. Weed hosts of the SFR strain of Pseudomonas Solanacearum, causal organism of the bacterial wilt of bananas Phytopathology Phytopathology 1971 61 10 1314 1315 PT: J 0031-949X A1971K782200040 Journal Article Bernoux,M.;Timmers,T.;Jauneau,A.;Briere,C.;de Wit,P. J. G. M.;Marco,Y.;Deslandes,L. RD19, an Arabidopsis cysteine protease required for RRS1-R-mediated resistance, is relocalized to the nucleus by the Ralstonia solanacearum PopP2 effector Plant Cell Plant Cell 2008 Aug 2008 20 8 2252 2264 Bacterial wilt, a disease impacting cultivated crops worldwide, is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. PopP2 (for Pseudomonas outer protein P2) is an R. solanacearum type III effector that belongs to the YopJ/AvrRxv protein family and interacts with the Arabidopsis thaliana RESISTANT TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM 1-R (RRS1-R) resistance protein. RRS1-R contains the Toll/Interleukin1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat domains found in several cytoplasmic R proteins and a C-terminal WRKY DNA binding domain. In this study, we identified the Arabidopsis Cys protease RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION19 (RD19) as being a PopP2-interacting protein whose expression is induced during infection by R. solanacearum. An Arabidopsis rd19 mutant in an RRS1-R genetic background is compromised in resistance to the bacterium, indicating that RD19 is required for RRS1-R-mediated resistance. RD19 normally localizes in mobile vacuole-associated compartments and, upon coexpression with PopP2, is specifically relocalized to the plant nucleus, where the two proteins physically interact. No direct physical interaction between RRS1- R and RD19 in the presence of PopP2 was detected in the nucleus as determined by Forster resonance energy transfer. We propose that RD19 associates with PopP2 to form a nuclear complex that is required for activation of the RRS1R-mediated resistance response. Journal Article Bertolla,F.;Frostegard,A.;Brito,B.;Nesme,X.;Simonet,P. During infection of its host, the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum naturally develops a state of competence and exchange genetic materials Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1999 12 467 472 Journal Article Bertolla,F.;Pepin,R.;Passelegue-Robe,E.;Paget,E.;Simkin,A.;Nesme,X.;Simonet,P. Plant genome complexity may be a factor limiting in situ the transfer of transgenic plant genes to the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000 SEP 66 9 4161 4167 PT: J 0099-2240 000089109200077 Journal Article Bertolla,F.;VanGijsegem,F.;Nesme,X.;Simonet,P. Conditions for natural transformation of Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997 DEC 63 12 4965 4968 PT: J 0099-2240 A1997YK70900053 Journal Article Bevacqua,R. F. On-farm evaluation of Rodade bacterial wilt-resistant tomato, Swaziland, Se Africa HortScience HortScience 1987 OCT 22 5 1154 1154 PT: J; PN: Part P2 0018-5345 A1987K430400831 Journal Article Bhatt,G.;Denny,T. P. Ralstonia solanacearum iron scavenging by the siderophore staphyloferrin B is controlled by PhcA, the global virulence regulator Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2004 DEC 186 23 7896 7904 PT: J 0021-9193 000225271700009 Journal Article Bhushan,B.;Samanta,S. K.;Chauhan,A.;Chakraborti,A. K.;Jain,R. K. Chemotaxis and biodegradation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol by Ralstonia sp SJ98 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000 AUG 18 275 1 129 133 PT: J 0006-291X 000088945900024 Book, Section Black,R.;Sweetmore,A. Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas solanacearum using metabolic profiles 1993 32 44 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Bobisud,C. A.;Martin,S. P.;Sekioka,T. T. Field testing bacterial wilt-resistant tomato somaclones Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1996 MAY 121 3 384 387 PT: J 0003-1062 A1996UG06500008 Journal Article Boesewinkel,H. J. Bacterial wilt threat New Zealand Journal of Agriculture New Zealand J. Agric. 1975 130 1 20 21 PT: J 0028-8241 A1975V922200004 Journal Article Bonde,R. A bacterial wilt and soft rot of the potato in Maine Phytopathology Phytopathology 1937 JAN 27 1 106 108 PT: J 0031-949X 000200846700009 Journal Article Bora,L. C.;Das,M.;Das,B. C. Influence of microbial antagonists and soil amendments on bacterial wilt severity and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2000 JUN 70 6 390 392 PT: J 0019-5022 000168046300010 Journal Article Bosch,S. C.;Louw,A. J.;Aucamp,E. 'Rodade' bacterial wilt resistant tomato HortScience HortScience 1985 20 3 458 459 Book, Section Boshou,L. A broad review and perspective on breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt 2005 225 238 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article Boucher,C. Pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum depends on hrp genes which govern the secretion of proteins mediating host/bacteria interactions Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 81 82 Journal Article Boucher,C. A.;Gough,C.;Arlat,M. Molecular genetics of pathogenicity determinants of Pseudomonas solanacearum with special emphasis on hrp genes Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1992 30 443 461 Journal Article Boudazin,G.;Le Roux,A. C.;Josi,K.;Labarre,P.;Jouan,B. Design of division specific primers of Ralstonia solanacearum and application to the identification of European isolates European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1999 105 373 380 Journal Article Bowman,J.;Sequeira,L. Resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in potato: ineffectivity titrations in relation to multiplication and spread of the pathogen American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1982 59 155 164 Journal Article Breukers,A.;van der Werf,W.;Mourits,M.;Lansink,A. O. Improving cost-effectiveness of brown rot control: the value of bio-economic modelling Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 2007 37 391 394 Journal Article Brito,B.;Aldon,D.;Barberis,P.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. A signal transfer system through three compartments transduces the plant cell contact-dependent signal controlling Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2002 FEB 15 2 109 119 PT: J 0894-0282 000173916200003 Journal Article Brito,B.;Marenda,M.;Barberis,P.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. prhJ and hrpG, two new components of the plant signal-dependent regulatory cascade controlled by PrhA in Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 1999 JAN 31 1 237 251 PT: J 0950-382X 000077954400022 Journal Article Brown,D. G.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum genes induced during growth in tomato: an inside view of bacterial wilt Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2004 SEP 53 6 1641 1660 PT: J 0950-382X 000223662100008 Journal Article Brown,D. G.;Swanson,J. K.;Allen,C. Two host-induced Ralstonia solanacearum genes, acrA and dinF, encode multidrug efflux pumps and contribute to bacterial wilt virulence Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 MAY 73 9 2777 2786 PT: J 0099-2240 000246238500002 Journal Article Brown,F. M. Bacterial wilt disease Journal of Economic Entomology J. Econ. Entomol. 1930 23 145 146 PT: J 0022-0493 000201358700021 Journal Article Brumbley,S. M.;Carney,B. F.;Denny,T. P. Phenotype conversion in Pseudomonas solanacearum due to spontaneous inactivationof PhcA, a putative LysR transcriptional regulator Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1993 175 5477 5487 Journal Article Buddenhagen,I.;Kelman,A. Biological and physiological aspects of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Annual Review Phytopathology. 203-229. Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1964 2 203 230 Journal Article Buddenhagen,I. W. Bacterial wilt of certain seed-bearing Musa spp. caused by tomato strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1962 52 3 286 PT: J 0031-949X A19621806C00006 Journal Article Buddenhagen,I. W. Strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum in indigenous hosts in banana plantations of Costa Rica, and their relationship to bacterial wilt of bananas Phytopathology Phytopathology 1960 50 9 660 664 PT: J 0031-949X A1960WN77200219 Journal Article Buddenhagen,I. W.;Elsasser,T. A. Insect dissemination - Newly discovered mode of spread of bacterial wilt of banana Phytopathology Phytopathology 1962 52 8 726 PT: J 0031-949X A19621811C00038 Journal Article Buddenhagen,I. W.;Elsasser,T. A. An insect-spread bacterial wilt epiphytotic of Bluggoe banana Nature Nature 1962 194 4824 164 PT: J 0028-0836 A19628768B00030 Journal Article Byth,H. A.;Kuun,K. G.;Bornman,L. Virulence-dependent induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 in tomato by Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2001 JUL-AUG 39 7-8 697 705 PT: J 0981-9428 000170216600017 Report CABI/EPPO Data sheets on quarantine pests: Ralstonia solanacearum. N. D. CAB International Wallingford, U. K. Map CABI/EPPO Distribution maps of plant diseases. Map N0. 785 1999 CAB International Wallingford, U. K. Journal Article Calzolari,A.;Contessi,A.;Mucciolini,G. Monitoring of Ralstonia solanacearum in Egyptian potatoes imported through the port of Ravenna (Italy) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 95 99 Journal Article Cao,Bi-hao;Lei,Jian-jun;Wang,Yong;Chen,Guo-ju Inheritance and identification of SCAR marker linked to bacterial wilt-resistance in eggplant African Journal of Biotechnology Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2009 OCT 19 8 20 5201 5207 Eggplant;bacterial wilt-resistance;molecular marker;inheritance;QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;TOMATO;HAWAII7996;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology In the present work, the combinations (F-1) were crossed between highly resistant and susceptible to bacterial wilt eggplant parents and its F-2, BC1 segregation population plants were inoculated with race1 of Ralstonia solanacearum in greenhouse. In this paper, we reported that the inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant was controlled by a single dominant gene showing Mendelian inheritance model. In addition, a 762 bp molecular marker linked to a bacterial wilt-resistant gene of eggplant was screened by the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker linked to bacterial wilt-resistance gene was also obtained. The genetic distance between this marker and the resistance gene is 3.33 cM PT: J; NR: 52; TC: 0; J9: AFR J BIOTECHNOL; PG: 7; GA: 539RT ACADEMIC JOURNALS VICTORIA ISLAND; P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA 1684-5315 [Cao Bi-hao; Lei Jian-jun; Wang Yong; Chen Guo-ju] S China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.; Cao, BH, S China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.; caobh01@163.com 000273276200011 English Article Journal Article Cardozo,Carolina;Rodriguez,Paola;Miguel Cotes,Jose;Marin,Mauricio Genetic variability of the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) in the banana-growing region of Uraba (Colombia) Revista de Biologia Tropical Rev. Biol. Trop. 2010 MAR 58 1 31 44 AFLP;moko disease;molecular markers;Musa sp.;Ralstonia solanacearum;DIVERSITY;SEQUENCE;STRAINS;Biology Genetic variability of the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) in the banana-growing region of Uraba (Colombia). The banana moko disease, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important phytopathological problems of the banana agribusiness in tropical countries. In Uraba and Magdalena (Colombia), the main exporting regions of banana in Colombia, this disease causes a destruction estimated in 16.5ha/year. The bacterium presents an extremely high level of genetic variation that affects control measures. This is the first study of its variation in Colombia and was done with AFLP molecular markers on a population of 100 isolates from banana plants, soils and "weeds". The high level of genetic diversity, with Nei and Shannon indexes of h=0.32 and I=0.48, respectively, and the AMOVA, showed that this population is subestructured (Fst=0.66): the host is the main factor of differentiation. Even so, previous tests show that all varieties have pathogenicity on Musa. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58(1): 31-44. Epub 2010 March 01. PT: J; NR: 32; TC: 0; J9: REV BIOL TROP; PG: 14; GA: 585VU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL SAN JOSE; UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA 0034-7744 [Cardozo, Carolina; Miguel Cotes, Jose; Marin, Mauricio] Univ Nacl Colombia Sede Medellin, Lab Biol Celular & Mol, Autopista Norte, Medellin, Colombia. [Rodriguez, Paola] Ctr Invest Banano, Medellin, Colombia.; Cardozo, C, Univ Nacl Colombia Sede Medellin, Lab Biol Celular & Mol, Cra 64 X Calle 65, Autopista Norte, Medellin, Colombia.; paolaandrea.rodriguez@bayercropscience.com mamarinm@unal.edu.co 000276859100003 Spanish Article Journal Article Carmeille,A.;Caranta,C.;Dintinger,J.;Prior,P.;Luisetti,J.;Besse,P. Identification of QTLs for Ralstonia solanacearum race 3-phylotype II resistance in tomato Theoretical and Applied Genetics Theor. Appl. Genet. 2006 JUN 113 1 110 121 PT: J 0040-5752 000238345000014 Journal Article Carmeille,A.;Prior,P.;Kodja,H.;Chiroleu,F.;Luisetti,J.;Besse,P. Evaluation of resistance to race 3, biovar 2 of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato germplasm Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2006 AUG 154 7-8 398 402 PT: J 0931-1785 000239191000003 Journal Article Carputo,D.;Aversano,R.;Barone,A.;Di Matteo,A.;Iorizzo,M.;Sigillo,L.;Zoina,A.;Frusciante,L. Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum of sexual hybrids between Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum American Journal of Potato Research Am. J. Potato Res. 2009 JUN 86 3 196 202 Potato;Bacterial wilt;Resistance breeding;Gene introgression;AFLP analysis;BACTERIAL WILT RESISTANCE;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;SOMATIC HYBRIDS;CROSSES;INTROGRESSION;PHUREJA;BALANCE;Agronomy This research was carried out to study the levels of bacterial wilt resistance and genetic diversity of (near)pentaploid sexual hybrids between S. commersonii (2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN) and cultivated S. tuberosum. Following artificial inoculations with Ralstonia solanacearum, wilting degree was estimated on a scale from 0 to 4, and seven genotypes of 26 (27%) displaying a S. commersonii like behavior were identified. Latent bacterial colonizations were detected in roots of symptomless S. commersonii and hybrids, whereas no bacterial populations were detected within stems. This suggests that the movement and/or growth of the bacterium in the aerial part were strongly inhibited. A molecular study with AFLP markers clustered hybrids into nine groups and provided evidence that resistant hybrids were slightly more similar to cultivated S. tuberosum than to the wild parent. This is important in view of the re-establishment of the cultivated genetic background through backcrosses. Hybrids displayed good fertility and are being used for further breeding efforts. PT: J; NR: 26; TC: 0; J9: AM J POTATO RES; PG: 7; GA: 445SH SPRINGER NEW YORK; 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA 1099-209X [Carputo, Domenico; Aversano, Riccardo; Barone, Amalia; Di Matteo, Antonio; Iorizzo, Massimo; Frusciante, Luigi] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Sigillo, Loredana] Sez Battipaglia, I-84091 Battipaglia, Italy. [Zoina, Astolfo] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Hort Bot & Plant Pathol, I-80055 Portici, Italy.; Carputo, D, Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy.; carputo@unina.it 000266071300005 English Article 10.1007/s12230-009-9072-4 Journal Article Caruso,P.;Bertolini,E.;Cambra,M.;Lopez,M. M. A new and sensitive co-operational polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in water Journal of Microbiological Methods J. Microbiol. Meth. 2003 OCT 55 1 257 272 PT: J 0167-7012 000185956000028 Journal Article Caruso,P.;Gorris,M. T.;Cambra,M.;Palomo,J. L.;Collar,J.;Lopez,M. M. Enrichment double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses a specific monoclonal antibody for sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in asymptomatic potato tubers Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002 Jul 68 7 3634 3638 Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods;Proteobacteria/immunology/isolation & purification;Solanum tuberosum/microbiology Sensitive and specific routine detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in symptomless potato tubers was achieved by efficient enrichment followed by a reliable double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the specific monoclonal antibody 8B-IVIA. This monoclonal antibody reacted with 168 typical R. solanacearum strains and did not recognize 174 other pathogenic or unidentified bacteria isolated from potato. The optimized protocol included an initial enrichment step consisting of shaking the samples in modified Wilbrink broth for 72 h at 29 degrees C. This step enabled specific detection by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 1 to 10 CFU of R. solanacearum per ml of initial potato extract. Analysis of 233 commercial potato lots by this method provided results that coincided with the results of conventional methods. LR: 20051117; PUBM: Print; JID: 7605801; 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); ppublish United States 0099-2240 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial, Carretera Moncada-Naquera Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain. PMID: 12089053 eng Journal Article; IM Journal Article Caruso,P.;Palomo,J. L.;Bertolini,E.;Alvarez,B.;Lopez,M. M.;Biosca,E. G. Seasonal variation of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 populations in a Spanish river: recovery of stressed cells at low temperatures Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005 Jan 71 1 140 148 Cold;Culture Media;Ecosystem;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Lycopersicon esculentum/microbiology;Plant Diseases/microbiology;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Ralstonia solanacearum/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/physiology;Rivers/microbiology;Seasons;Variation (Genetics) The presence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in the watercourses of European countries is increasing, but little is known about its ecology in aquatic habitats. The detection of this pathogen in 2000 in one Spanish river led us to study its population density at different locations on the river over a period of 3 years. During 2000 and 2001, the pathogen was recovered at low densities (10 to 80 CFU/ml) by direct plating on modified SMSA agar from water samples at 14 degrees C or higher, but its isolation was usually unsuccessful at temperatures below 9 degrees C. To monitor the pathogen's abundance in winter, we used two liquid selective media for enrichment (at 29 and 35 degrees C) and compared them by using spiked river water samples: modified Wilbrink broth (MWB) was more efficient than modified SMSA broth for double-antibody-sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) detection of R. solanacearum. Enrichment in MWB at both temperatures allowed us to recover R. solanacearum cells that were nonculturable on solid media up to 25 days after their entry into the viable but nonculturable state. When we applied this technique to water samples during the cold months of 2001 and 2002, we obtained the best detection results by the most-probable-number method after enrichment at 35 degrees C with MWB. The enrichment protocol was combined with DASI-ELISA and validated by Co-PCR to detect both naturally and artificially starved and cold-stressed cells in water, which were still infective. Overall, the data from this study demonstrate the effects of temperature variation on the population and culturability of R. solanacearum cells on solid media and their survival at low temperatures. LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 7605801; 0 (Culture Media); ppublish United States 0099-2240 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones, Agrarias (IVIA), Universidad de Valencia, Spain. PMID: 15640181; 71/1/140 [pii] eng Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM 10.1128/AEM.71.1.140-148.2005 Journal Article Castillo,J. A.;Greenberg,J. T. Evolutionary dynamics of Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 Feb 73 4 1225 1238 Evolution, Molecular;Genes, Bacterial;Ralstonia solanacearum/classification/genetics;Transcription Factors;Variation (Genetics);Virulence Factors/genetics We investigated the genetic diversity, extent of recombination, natural selection, and population divergence of Ralstonia solanacearum samples obtained from sources worldwide. This plant pathogen causes bacterial wilt in many crops and constitutes a serious threat to agricultural production due to its very wide host range and aggressiveness. Five housekeeping genes, dispersed around the chromosome, and three virulence-related genes, located on the megaplasmid, were sequenced from 58 strains belonging to the four major phylogenetic clusters (phylotypes). Whereas genetic variation is high and consistent for all housekeeping loci studied, virulence-related gene sequences are more diverse. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses suggest that this organism is a highly diverse bacterial species containing four major, deeply separated evolutionary lineages (phylotypes I to IV) and a weaker subdivision of phylotype II into two subgroups. Analysis of molecular variations showed that the geographic isolation and spatial distance have been the significant determinants of genetic variation between phylotypes. R. solanacearum displays high clonality for housekeeping genes in all phylotypes (except phylotype III) and significant levels of recombination for the virulence-related egl and hrpB genes, which are limited mainly to phylotype strains III and IV. Finally, genes essential for species survival are under purifying selection, and those directly involved in pathogenesis might be under diversifying selection. PUBM: Print-Electronic; DEP: 20061222; JID: 7605801; 0 (Transcription Factors); 0 (Virulence Factors); 2006/12/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish United States 0099-2240 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. PMID: 17189443; AEM.01253-06 [pii] eng Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM 10.1128/AEM.01253-06 Journal Article Chabot,R.;Antoun,H.;Kloepper,J.;Beauchamp,C. Root colonization of maize and lettuce by bioluminescent Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996 62 8 2767 2772 Journal Article Chang,M. L.;Hsu,S. -T Suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by soil amendments Plant Protection Bulletin Plant Prot. Bull. 1988 30 349 359 Journal Article Chapman,M. R.;Kao,C. C. EpsR modulates production of extracellular polysaccharides in the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1998 JAN 180 1 27 34 PT: J 0021-9193 000071362400004 Journal Article Chatterjee,Banani;Chakraborty,M.;Habib,A. K. M. A.;Samaddar,K. R. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum biovar 3 on seeds of eggplant. Bacterial Wilt Newsletter 1994 11 11 19952308070;aubergines;diseases;fruit vegetables;plant diseases;plant pathogenic bacteria;plant pathogens;plant pathology;seedborne organisms;seeds;survival;vegetables;bacteria;Ralstonia solanacearum;Solanum melongena The 200 samples of aubergine seed collected from various parts of West Bengal, together with seed from 68 germplasms from the Agricultural University had 38-100% infestation and all the isolates were biovar 3 or race 1. The pathogen survived well onseeds kept at low temp. (22°C) and moderate RH (30-40%), but at RH 50%, or 35°, populations declined rapidly. SP: 11 ISSN 1030-8512 English JOUR Report Chellemi,D. O. Extension report: Prospects for the management of bacterial wilt of tomato 1995 July, 31 8 NFREC North Florida, U. S. Journal Article Chellemi,D. O.;Dankers,H. A.;Olson,S. M.;Hodge,N. C.;Scott,J. W. Evaluating bacterial wilt-resistant tomato genotypes using a regional approach Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1994 119 2 325 329 Journal Article Chellemi,D. O.;Mitchell,D. J.;Barkdol,A. W. Effect of composted organic amendments on the incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1992 105 364 366 Journal Article Chellemi,D. O.;Olson,S. M.;Mitchell,D. J. Effects of soil solarization and fumigation on survival of soilborne pathogens of tomato in north Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1994 78 1167 1172 Journal Article Chellemi,D. O.;Olson,S. M.;Scott,J. W. Field evaluation of tomato genotypes for resistance to bactrial wilt Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1994 107 151 153 Journal Article chen,C.;Belanger,R. R.;Benhamou,N.;Paulitz,T. C. Defense enzymes induces in cucumber roots by treatment with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGRR) and Pythium aphanidermatum Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2000 56 13 23 Journal Article Chen,C. -N;Chen,C. -J;Liao,C. -T;Lee,C. -Y A probable aculeacin A acylase from the Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 is N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase with quorum-quenching activity. Bmc Microbiology BMC Microbiol. 2009 MAY 9 9 89 89 PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PAO1;ACID METHYL-ESTER;CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM;ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES;ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA;SENSING SIGNAL;VIRULENCE;EXPRESSION;IDENTIFICATION;BACTERIA;Microbiology Background: The infection and virulence functions of diverse plant and animal pathogens that possess quorum sensing systems are regulated by N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) acting as signal molecules. AHL-acylase is a quorum quenching enzyme and degrades AHLs by removing the fatty acid side chain from the homoserine lactone ring of AHLs. This blocks AHL accumulation and pathogenic phenotypes in quorum sensing bacteria. Results: An aac gene of undemonstrated function from Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli; it inactivated four AHLs that were tested. The sequence of the 795 amino acid polypeptide was considerably similar to the AHL-acylase from Ralstonia sp. XJ12B with 83% identity match and shared 39% identity with an aculeacin A acylase precursor from the gram-positive actinomycete Actinoplanes utahensis. Aculeacin A is a neutral lipopeptide antibiotic and an antifungal drug. An electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis verified that Aac hydrolysed the amide bond of AHL, releasing homoserine lactone and the corresponding fatty acids. However, ESI-MS analysis demonstrated that the Aac could not catalyze the hydrolysis of the palmitoyl moiety of the aculeacin A. Moreover, the results of MIC test of aculeacin A suggest that Aac could not deacylate aculeacin A. The specificity of Aac for AHLs showed a greater preference for long acyl chains than for short acyl chains. Heterologous expression of the aac gene in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 effectively inhibited violacein and chitinase activity, both of which were regulated by the quorum-sensing mechanism. These results indicated that Aac could control AHL-dependent pathogenicity. Conclusion: This is the first study to find an AHL-acylase in a phytopathogen. Our data provide direct evidence that the functioning of the aac gene (NP520668) of R. solanacearum GMI1000 is via AHL-acylase and not via aculeacin A acylase. Since Aac is a therapeutic potential quorum-quenching agent, its further biotechnological applications in agriculture, clinical and bio-industrial fields should be evaluated in the near future. PT: J; NR: 45; TC: 0; J9: BMC MICROBIOL; PG: 11; GA: 455XN BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON; CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND 1471-2180 [Chen, Chin-Nung; Chen, Chii-Jaan; Liao, Chen-Ting; Lee, Chia-Yin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.; Lee, CY, Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.; d91623801@ntu.edu.tw d91623801@ntu.edu.tw r94623007@ntu.edu.tw clee@ntu.edu.tw 000266802200002 English Article 10.1186/1471-2180-9-89 Journal Article Chen,S. C.;Liu,A. R.;Zou,Z. R. Overexpression of glucanase gene and defensin gene in transgenic tomato enhances resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Russian Journal of Plant Physiology Russian J. Plant Physiol. 2006 SEP-OCT 53 5 671 677 PT: J 1021-4437 000240834800011 Journal Article Chen,W. Y.;Echandi,E. Effects of avirulent bacteriocin-producing strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum on the control of bacterial wilt of tobacco Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 1984 33 2 245 253 PT: J 0032-0862 A1984SX18600014 Journal Article Chen,W. -Y;Echandi,E. Bacteriocin production and semiselective medium for detection, isolation and quantification of Psuedomonas solanacearum in soil Phytopathology Phytopathology 1982 72 3 310 313 Journal Article Chen,Yong-Yi;Lin,Yu-Mei;Chao,To-Chun;Wang,Jaw-Fen;Liu,An-Chi;Ho,Fang-I;Cheng,Chiu-Ping Virus-induced gene silencing reveals the involvement of ethylene-, salicylic acid- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related defense pathways in the resistance of tomato to bacterial wilt Physiologia Plantarum Physiol. Plantarum 2009 JUL 136 3 324 335 PLANT-CELL DEATH;RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM;NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA;ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA;DISEASE RESISTANCE;JASMONIC ACID;MAPK CASCADES;TOBACCO;IDENTIFICATION;TRANSCRIPTION;Plant Sciences Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating vascular disease of tomato worldwide. However, information on tomato's defense mechanism against infection by this soil-borne bacterium is limited. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to decipher signaling pathways involved in the resistance of tomato to this pathogen. Defined sequence fragments derived from a group of genes known or predicted to be involved in ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transduction pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades were subjected to VIGS in 'Hawaii 7996', a tomato cultivar with stable resistance to BW, and their effect on resistance was determined. The results indicated that silencing of ACO1/3, EIN2, ERF3, NPR1, TGA2.2, TGA1a, MKK2, MPK1/2 and MPK3 caused significant increase in bacterial proliferation in stembases and/or mid-stems. Partial wilting symptoms appeared on plants in which TGA2.2, TGA2.1a, MKK2 and MPK1/2 were silenced. These results suggested that ET-, SA- and MAPK-related defense signaling pathways are involved in the resistance of tomato to BW. This is the first report elucidating the multiple layers of defense governing the resistance of tomato to BW. The results are discussed to enlighten an important and complex interaction between tomato and a soil-borne vascular pathogen. PT: J; NR: 53; TC: 0; J9: PHYSIOL PLANT; PG: 12; GA: 459AS WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0031-9317 [Chen, Yong-Yi; Lin, Yu-Mei; Chao, To-Chun; Liu, An-Chi; Cheng, Chiu-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Plant Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Yong-Yi; Lin, Yu-Mei; Chao, To-Chun; Liu, An-Chi; Cheng, Chiu-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, Jaw-Fen; Ho, Fang-I] AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan 741, Taiwan.; Cheng, CP, Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Plant Biol, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; chiupingcheng@ntu.edu.tw 000267072800007 English Article 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01226.x Journal Article Chen,Yun;Zhang,Wen-Zhi;Liu,Xin;Ma,Zhong-Hua;Li,Bo;Allen,Caitilyn;Guo,Jian-Hua A real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in horticultural soil and plant tissues Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010 JAN 20 1 193 201 Detection;quantification;Ralstonia solanacearum;real-time PCR;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BURKHOLDERIA SOLANACEARUM;SENSITIVE;SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS;AMPLIFICATION;STRAINS;DIVERSITY;SURVIVAL;INFECTION;MULTIPLEX;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Microbiology A specific and rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting Ralstonia solanacearum in horticultural soil and plant tissues was developed in this study. The specific primers RSF/RSR were designed based on the upstream region of the UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase gene from R solanacearum, and a PCR product of 159 bp was amplified specifically from 28 strains of R. solanacearum, which represent all genetically diverse AluI types and all 6 biovars, but not from any other nontarget species. The detection limit of 10(2) CFU/g tomato stem and horticultural soil was achieved in this real-time PCR assay. The high sensitivity and specificity observed with field samples as well as with artificially infected samples suggested that this method might be a useful tool for detection and quantification of R. solanacearum in precise forecast and diagnosis. PT: J; NR: 31; TC: 0; J9: J MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOLOGY; PG: 9; GA: 549HV KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY SEOUL; KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA 1017-7825 [Liu, Xin; Ma, Zhong-Hua] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen Yun; Zhang, Wen-Zhi; Li, Bo; Guo, Jian-Hua] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Plant Pathol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Chen Yun; Zhang, Wen-Zhi; Li, Bo; Guo, Jian-Hua] Engn Ctr Bioresource Pesticide Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Chen Yun; Zhang, Wen-Zhi; Li, Bo; Guo, Jian-Hua] Minist Agr, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Crop Dis & Pest I, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Allen, Caitilyn] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Ma, ZH, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, 268 Kaixun Rd, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; jhguo@njau.edu.cn 000274039500026 English Article 10.4014/jmb.0906.06019 Journal Article Cheung,J. D.;Cha,Y. S.;Kim,B. S. Genetic analysis and breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt in capsicum pepper HortScience HortScience 1999 34 445 Journal Article Cho,Ji-Hong;Won,Hong-Sik;Cho,Kwang-Soo;Ahn,Won-Gyeong;Park,Young-Eun;Kim,Jeom-Soon;Kim,Hyun-Jun;Cho,Hyun-Mook Selection of potato clones resistant to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) disease and evaluation of their genetic diversity with RAPD Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 2009 SEP 27 3 441 447 Solanum tuberosum;brown rot;genetic resources;hydroponic culture;SOMATIC HYBRIDS;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM;HYBRIDIZATION;MARKERS;CULTIVARS;VIRUS;Horticulture This study was carried out to select potato (Solanum tuberosum) clones resistant to Bacterial wilt (BW) disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and evaluate genetic diversity with RAPD (Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA). A total of 440 clones collected and maintained at Highland Agriculture Research Center were tested in the hydroponic culture system with R. solanacearum race 1 and 3. After 40 days in dipping in hydroponic culture system, the resistance was evaluated as the range from 0 (resistance) to 4 (susceptible). Seventy-two clones were selected in the first screening as a resistant to race 1 or 3 in 2007, and the selected lines were tested again as the same procedure above. After the second screening, a total of 20 lines were selected as resistance to BW in 2008. For the evaluation of genetic diversity of the selected 20 clones, RAPD analysis was carried out with potato URP primer sets. From the 11 URP primers, 5 to 7 polymorphic DNA bands were amplified in selected resistant clones with each primer. With RAPD analysis, the genetic similarity was shown from 0.56 to 0.82. The selected clones were separated into two distinct groups at the genetic similarity value point of 0.56. Four clones including AG14252 were integrated into the first group, and the others, 16 clones, were grouped in the second group. In the second group, the two sub-groups showed genetic similarity value of 0.59. Seven clones including AG34326 and nine clones were separated into the first and second sub-groups, respectively. The results have revealed that bacterial wilt resistance test using hydroponic culture is favorable for the selection of BW resistant potato clones, and that RAPD analysis is useful for the identification of genetic similarity. The selected potato clones could be used as parent clones in BW resistance breeding program of potatoes. PT: J; NR: 25; TC: 0; J9: KOREAN J HORTIC SCI TECHNOL; PG: 7; GA: 509RU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE SUWON; C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA 1226-8763 [Cho, Ji-Hong; Won, Hong-Sik; Cho, Kwang-Soo; Ahn, Won-Gyeong; Park, Young-Eun; Kim, Jeom-Soon; Kim, Hyun-Jun; Cho, Hyun-Mook] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Highland Agr Res Ctr, Pyeongchang 232955, South Korea.; Cho, KS, Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Highland Agr Res Ctr, Pyeongchang 232955, South Korea.; kscholove@korea.kr 000271036800016 Korean Article Journal Article Christie,R. G.;Edwardson,J. R. Light microscopic techniques for detection of plant virus inclusions Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1986 70 4 273 279 Journal Article Chumvisoot,C.;Lambeth,V. Bacterial wilt resistance in exotic tomato germplasm HortScience HortScience 1983 18 4 564 565 PT: J 0018-5345 A1983RH46900057 Conference Proceedings Ciampi,L.;Sequeira,L. Multiplication of Pseudomonas solanacearum in resistant potato plants and the establishment of latent infections 1981 Aug. 16-23 439 440 Lozano,J. C.;Gwin,P. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Cali, Colombia CIAT Cali, Colombia Journal Article Ciampi,L.;Sequeira,L. Influence of temperature on virulence of race 3 strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1980 57 308 317 Journal Article Ciampi,L.;Sequeira,L.;French,E. R. Latent infection of potato tubers by Pseudomonas solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1980 57 377 386 Journal Article Ciampi-Panno,L. Bacterial wilt of potato in Chile Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1984 68 822 823 Journal Article Ciampi-Panno,L. Bacterial wilt of potato in Chile Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1984 68 9 822 823 PT: J 0191-2917 A1984TF44800029 Journal Article Ciampi-Panno,L.;Fernandez,C.;Bustamante,P.;Andrade,N.;Ojeda,S.;Contreras,A. Biological control of bacterial wilt of potatoes caused by Pseudomonas Solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1989 MAY 66 5 315 332 PT: J 0003-0589 A1989U866600004 Journal Article Ciampi-Panno,L.;Fernandez,C.;Bustamante,P.;Andrade,N.;Ojeda,S.;Contreras,A. Biological control of bacterial wilt of popatoes caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1989 66 315 332 Conference Proceedings Ciampi-Panno,L.;Sequeira,L.;French,E. R. Pseudomonas solanacearum distribution in potato plants; establishment of latent infections 1981 Aug. 16-23 148 161 Lozano,J. C.;Gwin,P. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Cali, Colombia CIAT Cali, Colombia Journal Article Clain,C.;Da Silva,D.;Fock,I.;Vaniet,S.;Carmeille,A.;Gousset,C.;Sihachakr,D.;Luisetti,J.;Kodja,H.;Besse,P. RAPD genetic homogeneity and high levels of bacterial wilt tolerance in Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae) accessions from Reunion Island Plant Science Plant Science 2004 JUN 166 6 1533 1540 PT: J 0168-9452 000221136600015 Journal Article Clayton,E. E.;Smith,T. E. Resistance of tobacco to bacterial wilt (Bacterium solanacearum) Journal of Agricultural Research J. Agric. Res. 1942 JUL-DEC 65 0547 0554 PT: J 0095-9758 000188352500036 Journal Article Clifford,J.;Allen,C. A novel method to identify genes of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 that are induced by host root exudates Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S23 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000138 Journal Article Clough,S. J.;Flavier,A. B.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Differential expression of virulence genes and motility in Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum during exponential growth Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997 63 844 850 Journal Article Clough,S. J.;Lee,K. E.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. A two-component system in Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum modulates production of PhcA-regulated virulence factors in response to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1997 JUN 179 11 3639 3648 PT: J 0021-9193 A1997XB49100034 Journal Article Coenye,T.;Vandamme,P. Simple sequence repeats and compositional bias in the bipartite Ralstonia solanacearum GM11000 genome BMC Genomics BMC Genomics 2003 MAR 17 4 1 10 PT: J 1471-2164 000182369900001 Journal Article Cokesa,Z.;Lakner,S.;Knackmuss,H. J.;Rieger,P. G. A stereoselective carbon-nitrogen lyase from Ralstonia sp SLRS7 cleaves two of three isomers of iminodisuccinate Biodegradation Biodegradation 2004 AUG 15 4 229 239 PT: J 0923-9820 000224095600002 Journal Article Collonnier,C.;Mulya,K.;Fock,I.;Mariska,I.;Servaes,A.;Vedel,F.;Siljak-Yakovlev,S.;Souvannavong,V.;Ducreux,G.;Sihachakr,D. Source of resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum in fertile somatic hybrids of eggplant (Solanum melongena L,) with Solanum aethiopicum L Plant Science Plant Science 2001 JAN 5 160 2 301 313 PT: J 0168-9452 000166661500013 Journal Article Cook,D.;Barlow,E.;Sequeira,L. Genetic diversity of Pseudomonas solanacearum: Detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms with DNA probes that specify virulence and the hypersensitive response Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1989 2 113 121 Journal Article Cook,D.;Sequeira,L. The use of subtractive hybridization to obtain a DNA probe specific for Pseudomonas solanacearum race 3 Molecular and General Genetics Mol. Gen. Genet. 1991 227 401 410 Journal Article Cook,D.;Sequeira,L. Genetic and biochemical chacterization of a Pseudomonas solanacearum gene cluster required for extracellular polysacharide production for virulence Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1991 173 1654 1662 Book, Section Cook,D.;Sequeira,L. Strain differentiation of Pseudomonas solanacearum by molecular genetic methods 1994 77 93 Hayward,A. C.;Hartman,G. L. Bacterial wilt: the disease and its causative agent, Pseudomonas solanacearum CAB International Wallingford, U. K. Journal Article Cook,M. T. The southern bacterial wilt in New Jersey Phytopathology Phytopathology 1914 AUG 4 4 277 278 PT: J 0031-949X 000200830300005 Journal Article Coupat,B.;Chaumeille-Dole,F.;Fall,S.;Prior,P.;Simonet,P.;Nesme,X.;Bertolla,F. Natural transformation in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex: number and size of DNA that can be transferred FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2008 Oct 2008 66 1 14 24 Ralstonia solanacearum is a widely distributed phytopathogenic bacterium that is known to invade more than 200 host species, mainly in tropical areas. Reference strain GMI1000 is naturally transformable at in vitro and also in planta conditions and thus has the ability to acquire free exogenous DNA. We tested the ubiquity and variability of natural transformation in the four phylotypes of this species complex using 55 strains isolated from different hosts and geographical regions. Eighty per cent of strains distributed in all the phylotypes were naturally transformable by plasmids and/or genomic DNA. Transformability can be considered as a ubiquitous physiological trait in the R. solanacearum species complex. Transformation performed with two independent DNA donors showed that multiple integration events occurred simultaneously in two distant genomic regions. We also engineered a fourfold-resistant R. solanacearum GMI1000 mutant RS28 to evaluate the size of DNA exchanged during natural transformation. The results demonstrated that this bacterium was able to exchange large DNA fragments ranging from 30 to 90 kb by DNA replacement. The combination of these findings indicated that the natural transformation mechanism could be the main driving force of genetic diversification of the R. solanacearum species complex. Book, Section Coutinho,T. A. Introduction and prospectus on the survival of R. solanacearum 2005 29 38 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article Coutinho,T. A.;Roux,J.;Riedel,K. H.;Terblanche,J.;Wingfield,M. J. First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on eucalypts in South Africa Forest Pathology For. Pathol. 2000 AUG 30 4 205 210 PT: J 1437-4781 000089119600003 Journal Article Cruz,L.;Eloy,M.;Quirino,F.;Carrinho,H. Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 associated with a new outbreak of potato brown rot in Portugal Phytopathologia Mediterranea Phytopathol. Medit. 2008 47 2 87 91 In May 2007, potato plants exhibiting symptoms possibly of brown rot were collected in some potato fields in the Baixo Mondego region (Center), Portugal, as a part of a nationwide programme to monitor Ralstonia solanacearum. All laboratory procedures laid down in Commission Directive 2006/63/EC, including dilution plating on semi-selective medium SMSA, indirect imunofluorescence (IIF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers and bioassays on tomato plants, were strictly followed and the causal agent of the disease was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. The identity of the pure cultures of the isolated organism was confirmed by PCR, IIF and pathogenicity tests on several other plant species (eggplant, tobacco, pelargonium and eucalyptus). In biovar determination, the failure of the isolates to utilise/oxidise certain carbon sources indicated that the isolates were all biovar 1. This biovar has a broader host range than biovar 2 strains, and affects several crops of economic importance including ornamental plants and forest trees. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA and endoglucanase (egl) gene sequences of these isolates with sequences that have been deposited at the GenBank revealed a similarity higher than 99% for several Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from biovar 1, including isolate DAR 64836 (Accession number DQ011551). This is the first report of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 in Portugal. All control measures specified in the Commission Directive are being implemented. Journal Article Csinos,A. S.;Pappu,H. R.;McPherson,R. M.;Stephenson,M. G. Management of Tomato spotted wilt virus in flue-cured tobacco with acibenzolar-S-methyl and imidacloprid Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2001 85 3 292 296 Journal Article Cunnac,S.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. Characterization of the cis-acting regulatory element controlling HrpB-mediated activation of the type III secretion system and effector genes in Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2004 APR 186 8 2309 2318 PT: J 0021-9193 000220673800011 Journal Article Cunnac,S.;Occhialini,A.;Barberis,P.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S. Inventory and functional analysis of the large Hrp regulon in Ralstonia solanacearum: identification of novel effector proteins translocated to plant host cells through the type III secretion system Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2004 JUL 53 1 115 128 PT: J 0950-382X 000222208100011 Journal Article Cvejic,J. H.;Putra,S. R.;El-Beltagy,A.;Hattori,R.;Hattori,T.;Rohmer,M. Bacterial triterpenoids of the hopane series as biomarkers for the chemotaxonomy of Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Ralstonia spp. FEMS Microbiology Letters FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2000 FEB 15 183 2 295 299 PT: J 0378-1097 000085352200017 Journal Article Dahal,Diwakar;Heintz,Dimitri;Van Dorsselaer,Alain;Braun,Hans-Peter;Wydra,Kerstin Pathogenesis and stress related, as well as metabolic proteins are regulated in tomato stems infected with Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2009 SEP 47 9 838 846 2-D gel electrophoresis;Bacterial wilt;LC-MS/MS;PR protein;Ralstonia solanacearum;Solanum lycopersicum;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES;RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-I;MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA;GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS;POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS;DISEASE RESISTANCE;PROTEOMIC APPROACH;BASAL;RESISTANCE;Plant Sciences A comparative proteome analysis was initiated to systematically investigate the physiological response of tomato (Solarium lycopersicum) to infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt. Plants of the susceptible tomato recombinant inbred line NHG3 and the resistant NHG13 were either infected or not infected with R. solanacearum and subsequently used for proteome analysis. Two-dimensional isoelectric focussing/sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE) allowed the separation of about 650-690 protein spots per analysis. Twelve proteins were of differential abundance in susceptible plants in response to bacterial infection, while no differences were observed in the resistant genotype. LC-MS/MS analysis of these spots revealed 12 proteins, six of which were annotated as plant and six as bacterial proteins. Among the plant proteins, two represent pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, one stress response protein, one enzyme of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and one hypothetical protein. A constitutive difference between resistant and susceptible lines was not found. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. PT: J; NR: 50; TC: 0; J9: PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM; PG: 9; GA: 480CA ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS; 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE 0981-9428 [Dahal, Diwakar; Wydra, Kerstin] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Dept Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Heintz, Dimitri] Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, CNRS, Unite Propre Rech 2357, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. [Van Dorsselaer, Alain] Univ Strasbourg 1, Lab Spectrometrie Masse Bioorgan, CNRS, UMR7178, F-67087 Strasbourg, France. [Braun, Hans-Peter] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Fac Nat Sci, Inst Plant Genet, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.; Wydra, K, Leibniz Univ Hannover, Dept Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Herrenhauser Str 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.; wydra@ipp.uni-hannover.de 000268708200010 English Article 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.001 Journal Article Danesh,D.;Aarons,S.;Mcgill,G. E.;Young,N. D. Genetic dissection of oligogenic resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1994 JUL-AUG 7 4 464 471 PT: J 0894-0282 A1994NY20000004 Journal Article Dannon,E. A.;Wydra,K. Interaction between silicon amendment, bacterial wilt development and phenotype of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato genotypes Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2004 64 5 233 243 Journal Article Das,D.;Verma,S. K.;Ray,S. K. An altered G+C% region within potential filamentous hemagglutinin open reading frames of Ralstonia solanacearum Current science Curr. Sci. 2005 MAR 10 88 5 786 792 PT: J 0011-3891 000227821500039 Journal Article Daughtrey,M. L.;Benson,D. M. Principles of plant health management for ornemental plants Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2005 43 141 169 Journal Article de Brito Alvarez,M. A.;Gagne,S.;Antoun,H. Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995 61 1 194 199 Journal Article de Bruijn,F. J. Use of repetitive (repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitve intergeneric consensus) sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to fingerprint the genomes of Rhizobium meliloti isolates and other soil bacteria Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992 58 2180 2187 Journal Article de Guenin,M. -C Management of monitoring of Ralstonia solanacearum in France Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 109 112 Journal Article de Leon,L.;Rodriguez,A.;Lopez,M. M.;Siverio,F. Evaluation of the efficacy of immunomagnetic separation for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato seeds Journal of Applied Microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 2007 XX YYYY ZZZZ Journal Article De Maine,M. J. An assessment of true potato seed families of Solanum phureja Potato Research Potato Res. 1996 39 323 332 Journal Article De Maine,M. J.;Carroll,C. P.;Stewart,H. E.;Solomon,R. M.;Wastie,R. L. Disease resistance in Solanum phureja and diploid and tetraploid S. tuberosum x S. phureja hybrids Potato Research Potato Res. 1993 36 21 28 Journal Article de Melo,M. S.;Furuya,N.;Iiyama,K.;Khan,A. A.;Matsuyama,N. Geographical distribution of biovars of Ralstonia solanacearum in Brazil Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University J. Fac. Agr. Kyushu Univ. 1999 NOV 44 1-2 9 15 PT: J 0023-6152 000084008500002 Journal Article de Melo,M. S.;Furuya,N.;Matsumoto,M.;Matsuyama,N. Comparative studies on fatty acid composition of the whole-cell and outer membrane in Brazilian strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University J. Fac. Agr. Kyushu Univ. 1999 NOV 44 1-2 17 23 PT: J 0023-6152 000084008500003 Journal Article de Wegger,L. A.;Bloemberg,G. V.;van Wezel,T.;van Raamsdonk,M.;Glandorf,D. C. M.;van Vuurde,J.;Jann,K.;Lugtenberg,B. J. J. A novel cell surface polysaccharide in Pseudomona putida WCS358, which shares charecteristics with Escherichia coli K antigens, is not involved in root colonization Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1996 178 7 1955 1961 Journal Article Deberdt,P.;Olivier,J.;Thoquet,P.;Queneherve,P.;Prior,P. Evaluation of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato lines nearly isogenic for the Mi gene for resistance to root-knot Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 1999 48 415 424 Journal Article Deberdt,P.;Queneherve,P.;Darrasse,A.;Prior,P. Increased susceptibility to bacterial wilt in tomatoes by nematode galling and the role of the Mi gene in resistance to nematodes and bactrial wilt Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 1999 48 408 414 Journal Article Delaspre,F.;Penalver,C. G. N.;Saurel,O.;Kiefer,P.;Gras,E.;Milon,A.;Boucher,C.;Genin,S.;Vorholt,J. A. The Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity regulator HrpB induces 3-hydroxy-oxindole synthesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007 OCT 2 104 40 15870 15875 PT: J 0027-8424 000249942700050 Journal Article Denger,K.;Cook,A. M. Ethanedisulfonate is degraded via sulfoacetaldehyde in Ralstonia sp strain EDS1 Archives of Microbiology Arch. Microbiol. 2001 JUL 176 1-2 89 95 PT: J 0302-8933 000170363300011 Journal Article Denny,T. P. Ralstonia solanacearum - a plant pathogen in touch with its host Trends in Microbiology Trends Microbiol. 2000 NOV 8 11 486 489 PT: J 0966-842X 000165371400003 Journal Article Denny,T. P. Autoregulator-dependent control of extracellular polysaccharide production in phytopathogenic bacteria European Journal of Plant pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1999 105 417 430 Book, Section Denny,T. P.;Hayward,A. C. Gram-negative bacteria: Ralstonia 2001 151 174 Schaad,N. W.;Jones,J. B.;Chun,W. Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria 3rd APS Press St. Paul, M. N. Book, Section Denny,T. P. Plant pathogenic Ralstonia species 2006 573 644 Gnanamanickam,S. S. Plant-associated bacteria Springer Publishing Dordrecht, The Netherlands Journal Article Denny,T. P.;Baek,S. R. Genetic evidence that extracellular polysaccharide is virulence factor of Pseudomonas solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1991 4 2 198 206 Journal Article Denny,T. P.;Carney,B. F.;Schell,M. A. Inactivation of multiple virulence genes reduces the ability of Pseudomonas solanacearum to cause wilt symptoms Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1990 3 5 293 300 Journal Article Denny,T. P.;Milling,A. S.;Bhakta,V. G.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains are not uniquely cold tolerant in vitro Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 97 7 S28 Journal Article Deslandes,L.;Olivier,J.;Peeters,N.;Feng,D. X.;Khounlotham,M.;Boucher,C.;Somssich,L.;Genin,S.;Marco,Y. Physical interaction between RRS1-R, a protein conferring resistance to bacterial wilt, and PopP2, a type III effector targeted to the plant nucleus Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003 JUN 24 100 13 8024 8029 PT: J 0027-8424 000183845800109 Journal Article Deslandes,L.;Olivier,J.;Theulieres,F.;Hirsch,J.;Feng,D. X.;Bittner-Eddy,P.;Beynon,J.;Marco,Y. Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Arabidopsis thaliana is conferred by the recessive RRS1-R gene, a member of a novel family of resistance genes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002 FEB 19 99 4 2404 2409 PT: J 0027-8424 000174031100116 Journal Article Deslandes,L.;Pileur,F.;Liaubet,L.;Camut,S.;Can,C.;Williams,K.;Holub,E.;Beynon,J.;Arlat,M.;Marco,Y. Genetic characterization of RRS1, a recessive locus in Arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance to the bacterial soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1998 JUL 11 7 659 667 PT: J 0894-0282 000074303800009 Journal Article Devliegher,W.;Arif,M. A. S.;Verstraete,W. Survival and plant growth promotion of detergent-adapted Pseudomonas fluorescens ANP15 and Pseudomonas aeroginsoa 7NSK2 Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995 61 11 3865 3871 Journal Article di Bisceglie,D. P.;Saccardi,A.;Giosue,S.;Traversa,F.;Mazzucchi,U. Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum on wood, high density polyethylene and on jute fabric in cold storage Journal of Plant Pathology J. Plant Pathol. 2005 JUL 87 2 145 147 Containers used for transport and warehouse storageof potatoes may be contaminated by Ralstoniasolanacearum Yabuucki et al. and become sources of inoculumand the means of spreading infection over short,medium and long distances. The materials of which thecontainers are made could be an important factor influencingthe survival of contaminating bacteria. This paperdescribes the study of survival of R. solanacearum in coldstorage at 4°C on poplar and oak wood, on high-densitypolyethylene and on jute sack fabric. Survival was quantitativelyassessed on concentrates obtained by washingsamples of contaminated materials and centrifuging thewashing liquids. The plate count was performed on twosemi-selective media, Kelman’s and SMSA. Contaminationsurvived on oak for approximately 4 days and onpoplar for 17 days. On high density polyethylene survivalwas zero after 2 days. On jute fabric, the number ofsurviving bacteria had dropped considerably after 24hours, but subsequent decrease was moderate and thepopulation was only zero after 78 days. PT: J 1125-4653 000230909400011 Journal Article Dileep Kumar,B. S.;Dube,H. C. Seed bacterization with a fluorescent Pseudomonas for enhanced plant growth, yield and disease control. Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 1992 24 6 539 542 Journal Article Diogo,R. V. C.;Wydra,K. Silicon-induced basal resistance in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum is related to modification of pectic cell wall polysaccharide structure Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007 APR-JUN 70 4-6 120 129 PT: J 0885-5765 000253485700004 Journal Article Dionisi,H. M.;Chewning,C. S.;Morgan,K. H.;Menn,F. M.;Easter,J. P.;Sayler,G. S. Abundance of dioxygenase genes similar to Ralstonia sp strain U2 nagAc is correlated with naphthalene concentrations in coal tar-contaminated freshwater sediments Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004 JUL 70 7 3988 3995 PT: J 0099-2240 000222758600027 Journal Article Dittapongpitch,V.;Surat,S. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil and weeds from commercial tomato fields using immunocapture and the polymerase chain reaction Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2003 04/91 151 4 239 246 M3: doi:10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00714.x Journal Article Dookun,A.;Saumtally,S.;Seal,S. Genetic diversity in Ralstonia solanacearum strains from mauritius using restriction fragment length polymorphisms Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 2001 JAN 149 1 51 55 PT: J 0931-1785 000166819600008 Report Douglas,S. M. Diseases of geranium 2002 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station New Haven, C. T. Journal Article Dukes,P. D.;Jenkins Jr.,S. F.;Jaworski,C. A.;Morton,D. J. The identification and persistence of an indigenous race of Pseudomonas solanacearum in a soil in Georgia. Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1965 49 586 590 Journal Article Dukes,P. D.;Morton,D. J.;Jenkins Jr.,S. F. Infection of indigenous hosts by Pseudomonas solanacearum in south Georgia Phytopathology Phytopathology 1965 55 Annual abstracts Journal Article Eddins,A. H. Losses caused by potato diseases in the Hastings section, Florida, in 1938 Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1948 32 7 272 303 Journal Article Eddins,A. H. Brown rot of irish potatoes and its control Bulletin of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville Bull. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Gainesville 299 Book, Section Eden-green,S. J. Diversity of Pseudomonas solanacearum and related bacteria in Southeast Asia 1993 28 31 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Ekman,W. E.;Heijnen,C. E.;Trevors,J. T.;van Elsas,J. D. Water flow induced transport of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells through soil columns as affected by inoculant treatment FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1994 13 313 324 Journal Article Elango,V. K.;Liggenstoffer,A. S.;Fathepure,B. Z. Biodegradation of vinyl chloride and cis-dichloroethene by a Ralstonia sp strain TRW-1 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006 OCT 72 6 1270 1275 PT: J 0175-7598 000241224600021 Journal Article El-Nashaar,H. M.;De Lindo,L.;Nydegger,U. A refined mass screening technique for resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1990 80 1002 A354 Report Elphinstone,J.;Harris,L. Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium in industrial potato washings 2002 6 British Potato Council Oxford, U. K. Report Elphinstone,J.;Harris,L. Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium in irrigation water 2002 2 British Potato Council Oxford, U. K. Book, Section Elphinstone,J. G. The current bacterial wilt situation: a global overview 2005 9 28 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Conference Proceedings Elphinstone,J. G. Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the UK: A case study 2001 Nov., 14-15th Proceedings of the FNK/EAPR/ESA/UEITP 2nd European Potato Processing Conference Lausanne, Switzerland Journal Article Elphinstone,J. G.;Henessy,J.;Wilson,J. K.;Stead,D. Sensitivity of different methods for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato tuber extracts Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1996 26 663 678 Journal Article Elphinstone,J. G.;Stanford,H.;Stead,D. E. Survival and transmission of Ralstonia solanacearum in aquatic plants of Solanum dulcamara and associated surface water in England Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 93 94 Journal Article Enfinger,J. M.;McCarter,S. M.;Jaworski,C. A. Evaluation of chemicals and application methods for control for control of bacterial wilt of tomato transplants Phytopathology Phytopathology 1979 69 637 640 Journal Article Engelbrecht,M. C.;Hattingh,M. J. Numerical analysis of phenotypic features of Pseudomonas solanacearum strains isolated from tobacco and other hosts in South Africa Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1989 73 893 898 Book, Section Englebrecht,M. C. Modification of a semi-selective medium for the isolation and quantification of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1994 10 3 5 Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt newsletter ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Esposito,N.;Ovchinnikova,O. G.;Barone,A.;Zoina,A.;Holst,O.;Evidente,A. Host and non-host plant response to bacterial wilt in potato: role of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from Ralstonia solanacearum and molecular analysis of plant-pathogen interaction Chemistry & Biodiversity Chem. Biodiv. 2008 5 12 2662 2675 Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic bacteria, in particular its race 3. This microorganism is the causal agent of destructive diseases of different crops including tomato and potato. An important aspect of the interaction between this pathogen, and the host and non-host plants was its biochemical and molecular basis. Thus, the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from the R. solanacearum cell wall, purified and the O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated and chemically characterized by compositional analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The OPS was constituted of two linear polymers of an approximate ratio of 3: 1, both of which were built up from three rhamnose and one N-acetylglucosamine residues and differed only in the substitution of one rhamnose residue. The LPS inhibited the hypersensitivity reaction (HR) in non-host tobacco plants and induced localized resistance in host potato plants, both of which were pre-treated with the LPS before being inoculated with the pathogen. A cDNA-AFLP approach was used to study transcriptome variation during the resistant and susceptible interactions. This revealed the presence of metabolites specifically expressed in the S. commersonii-resistant genotypes, which could be involved in the plant-pathogen incompatible reaction. Furthermore, a specific EST collection of the Ralstonia-potato interaction has been built up. Journal Article Etchebar,C.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;van Gijsegem,F.;Vasse,J.;Trigalet,A. Xylem colonization by an HrcV(-) mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum is a key factor for the efficient biological control of tomato bacterial wilt Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1998 SEP 11 9 869 877 PT: J 0894-0282 000075484400004 Journal Article Expert,J. M.;Noublanche,F.;Poliakoff,F.;Caffier,D. Evaluation of magnetic capture for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in various substrates Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 2000 30 3-4 385 389 Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is an important quarantine pest for European countries. Available analytical tools give good results for the detection of the bacterium in potato tuber extracts and tomato macerates. The pathogen may be present in complex substrates such as environmental water, soils, sewage sludge and potato processing wastes, which therefore have to be tested. Immuno-magnetic separation and DNA magnetic capture combined with other tests have been investigated for this purpose and appear promising. Journal Article Farag,N. S.;Lashin,S. M.;All-Abdel,R. S.;Shatta,H. M.;Seif-Elyazal,A. M. Antibiotics and control of potato black leg and brown rot diseases Agricultural Research Review Agric. Res. Review 1982 60 149 166 Journal Article Farag,N.;Stead,D. E.;Janse,J. D. Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, detected in surface (irrigation) water in egypt Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1999 147 485 487 Journal Article Farag,N. S.;Bishay,F. Bacterial wilt of potato in relation to antagonistic and rhizosphere microflora Agricultural Research Review Agric. Res. Review 1980 58 2 185 191 Book, Section Fegan,M.;Holoway,A. C.;Hayward,A. C.;Timmis,J. Development of a diagnostic test based on the polymerase chain reaction to identify strains of R. solanacearum exhibiting the biovar 2 genotype 1998 34 43 Prior,P.;Allen,C.;Elphinstone,J. Bacterial wilt disease: Molecular and ecological aspects Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany Journal Article Fegan,M.;Prior,P. Diverse members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex cause bacterial wilts of banana Australasian Plant Pathology Austral. Plant Pathol. 2006 35 93 101 Book, Section Fegan,M.;Prior,P. How complex is the "Ralstonia solanacearum" complex ? 2005 449 461 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS Press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article Feldmess.J;Goth,R. W. Association of a Root Knot with Bacterial Wilt of Potato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1970 60 6 1014 & PT: J 0031-949X A1970G521700031 Journal Article Feng,D. -X;Deslandes,L.;Keller,H.;Revers,F.;Favery,B.;Lecomte,P.;Hirsch,J.;Olivier,J.;Marco,Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant unable to develop wilt symptoms after inoculation with a virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2003 94 289 295 Journal Article Fera,M. T.;Maugeri,T. L.;Gughandolo,C.;Bonanno,D.;La Camera,E.;Papasergi,S.;Carbone,M. Occurrence of Burkholderia cipaacia complex, Ralstonia and Pandoraea species DNAs in the coastal environment of the Straits of Messina (Italy) Marine pollution bulletin Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2007 JUN 54 6 803 808 PT: J 0025-326X 000247736600028 Journal Article Fernandez,B. B.;Tumapon,A. S.;Duna,L. V.;Balanay,N. M.;Kloos,J. P.;Zaag,P. V. On-farm evaluation of true potato seed in the Phippines American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1988 65 457 461 Journal Article Flavier,A. B.;Clough,S. J.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Identification of 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester as a novel autoregulator controlling virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 1997 OCT 26 2 251 259 PT: J 0950-382X A1997YF44700004 Journal Article Flavier,A. B.;GanovaRaeva,L. M.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Hierarchical autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum: Control of acyl-homoserine lactone production by a novel autoregulatory system responsive to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1997 NOV 179 22 7089 7097 PT: J 0021-9193 A1997YG07500029 Journal Article Flavier,A. B.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. An RpoS (sigma(s)) homologue regulates acylhomoserine lactone-dependent autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 1998 MAY 28 3 475 486 PT: J 0950-382X 000073797900007 Journal Article Flores-Cruz,Z.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum encounters an oxidative environment during tomato infection. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2009 JUL 22 7 773 782 BACTERIAL WILT VIRULENCE;BACTERIOFERRITIN COMIGRATORY PROTEIN;VIVO;EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGY;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE;ESCHERICHIA-COLI;EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE;HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE;GENES;STRESS;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Plant Sciences Ralstonia solanacearum genes that are induced during tomato infection suggested that this pathogen encounters reactive oxygen species (ROS) during bacterial wilt pathogenesis. The genomes of R. solanacearum contain multiple redundant ROS-scavenging enzymes, indirect evidence that this pathogen experiences intense oxidative stress during its life cycle. Over 9% of the bacterium's plant-induced genes were also upregulated by hydrogen peroxide in culture, suggesting that oxidative stress may be linked to life in the plant host. Tomato leaves infected by R. solanacearum contained hydrogen peroxide, and concentrations of this ROS increased as pathogen populations increased. Mutagenesis of a plant-induced predicted peroxidase gene, bcp, resulted in an R. solanacearum strain with reduced ability to detoxify ROS in culture. The bcp mutant caused slightly delayed bacterial wilt disease onset in tomato. Moreover, its virulence was significantly reduced on tobacco plants engineered to overproduce hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating that Bcp is necessary for detoxification of plant-derived hydrogen peroxide and providing evidence that host ROS can limit the success of this pathogen. These results reveal that R. solanacearum is exposed to ROS during pathogenesis and that it has evolved a redundant and efficient oxidative stress response to adapt to the host environment and cause disease. PT: J; NR: 59; TC: 0; J9: MOL PLANT MICROBE INTERACTION; PG: 10; GA: 457XI AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0894-0282 [Flores-Cruz, Zomary; Allen, Caitilyn] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Allen, C, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; cza@plantpath.wisc.edu 000266968900002 English Article 10.1094/MPMI-22-7-0773 Journal Article Flores-Cruz,Z.;Allen,C. OxyR, a regulator of the hydrogen peroxide stress response in Ralstonia solanacearum is necessary for full virulence on tomato plants Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S54 In response to pathogen attack, plants produce an oxidative burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that signal defenses and may have antimicrobial effects. However, little is known of the effect of oxidative stress on pathogens. The bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum expresses likely oxidative stress response genes during tomato pathogenesis. Analysis of the available genomes of R. solanacearum suggests this bacterium is exposed to oxidative stress since each encodes at least 16 predicted ROS detoxification enzymes. We hypothesize that the oxidative stress response of R. solanacearum contributes to pathogen survival in the host and to disease development. To test this we created an oxyR mutant in R. solanacearum; oxyR is a positive regulator of the hydrogen peroxide stress response. The oxyR mutant was catalase negative and did not grow well on plates unless catalase was added exogenously. Growth in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was significantly slower than the parental strain; however, the oxyR mutant grew faster than wild-type in the presence of the superoxide generator Paraquat. In addition, the oxyR mutant was significantly reduced in virulence on tomato plants in a naturalistic soil soak assay. These results support the hypothesis that plant ROS have direct antimicrobial effects, and indicate that R. solanacearum confronts a stressful oxidative environment during growth inside compatible hosts. Report Floyd,J. New Pest Response Guidelines: Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 2007 Oct., 29 USDA–APHIS–PPQ–Emergency and Domestic Programs Riverdale, M. D. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/index.shtml Report Floyd,J. New pest response guidelines. Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2. Southern wilt of geranium 2004 Jan., 14 Version 4.0 USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Pest Detection and Management Programs Riverdale, M. D. Report Floyd,J. Action plan for Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 found in nursery facilities 2003 Feb., 27 23 Version 3 USDA, APHIS, PPQ. Pest Detection and Management Programs Riverdale, M. D. Journal Article Fock,I.;Collonnier,C.;Luisetti,J.;Purwito,A.;Souvannavong,V.;Vedel,F.;Servaes,A.;Ambroise,A.;Kodja,H.;Ducreux,G.;Sihachakr,D. Use of Solanum stenotomum for introduction of resistance to bacterial wilt in somatic hybrids of potato Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2001 OCT 39 10 899 908 PT: J 0981-9428 000171689200010 Journal Article Fock,I.;Collonnier,C.;Purwito,A.;Luisetti,J.;Souvannavong,V.;Vedel,F.;Servaes,A.;Ambroise,A.;Kodja,H.;Ducreux,G.;Sihachakr,D. Resistance to bacterial wilt in somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja Plant Science 2000 DEC 7 160 1 165 176 PT: J 0168-9452 000166438900018 Journal Article Forster,R. L.;Echandi,E. Influence of calcium nutrition on bacterial canker of resistant and susceptible Lycopersicum spp. Phytopathology Phytopathology 1975 65 84 85 Journal Article Fouche,J. P.;Marco,Y.;Coutinho,T. A.;Berger,D. K. Optimization of a pathosystem between Arabidopsis thaliana and Ralstonia solanacearum South African Journal of Science S. Afr. J. Sci. 2005 JUL-AUG 101 IX PT: J 0038-2353 000233702400056 Journal Article Fraaije,B. A.;Appels,M.;De Boer,S. H.;Van Vuurde,J. W. L.;Van den Bulk,R. W. Detection of soft rot Erwinia spp. on seed potatoes: conductimetry in comparison with dilution plating, PCR and serological assays European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1997 103 183 193 Journal Article Franks,A.;Mark-Byrne,G. L.;Dow,J. M.;O'Gara,F. A putative RNA-binding protein has a role in virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Molecular Plant Pathology Mol. Plant Pathol. 2008 9 1 67 72 Conference Proceedings Freeman,Josh;Rideout,Steve;Wimer,Adam Dimethyl disulfide use for bacterial wilt management and weed control in Virginia tomatoes HortScience HortScience 2009 JUN 44 3 571 571 Horticulture NR: 0; TC: 0; J9: HORTSCIENCE; PG: 1; GA: 460AE Hortscience AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE ALEXANDRIA; 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA 0018-5345 [Freeman, Josh; Rideout, Steve; Wimer, Adam] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. 000267154900115 English C; Meeting Abstract Book, Section French,E. R. Strategies for integrated control of bacterial wilt of potatoes 1994 199 207 Hayward,A. C.;Hartman,G. L. Bacterial wilt: The disease and its causative agent, Pseudomonas solanacearum CAB International Wallingford, U. K. Book, Section French,E. R. Classification, distribution, and origin of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1979 28 35 Development in control of potato bacterial wilt diseases. Report of a planning conference held by the International Potato Center Apartado 5969 Lima, Peru Journal Article French,E. R.;Gutarra,L.;Aley,P.;Elphinstone,J. Culture media for Pseudomonas solanacearum isolation, identification and maintenance Fitopatologia Fitopatologia 1995 30 126 130 Journal Article French,E. R.;De Lindo,L. Resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in potato: specificity and temperature sensitivity Phytopathology Phytopathology 1982 72 1408 1412 Conference Proceedings French,E. R.;Nydegger,U. A two decade epidemic of Pseudomonas solanacearum on potato in Peru 1989 June, 11-16 317 322 Klement,Z. Proceedings of the 7th international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Budapest, Hungary Akademiai Kiado Journal Article French,E. R.;Sequeira,L. Strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from Central and South America: a comparative study Phytopathology Phytopathology 1970 60 506 512 Book, Section French,E. R.;Aley,P.;Torres,E.;Nydegger,U. Diversity of Pseudomonas solanacearum in Peru and Brazil 1993 70 77 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Frey,P.;Prior,P.;Marie,C.;Kotoujansky,A.;Trigaletdemery,D.;Trigalet,A. Hrp(-) Mutants of Pseudomonas-Solanacearum as Potential Biocontrol Agents of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994 SEP 60 9 3175 3181 PT: J 0099-2240 A1994PE57000018 Journal Article Fu,R. Z.;Peng,Y. F.;Cao,G. C.;Ma,J. S.;Chen,C. X.;Zhang,L. M.;Li,W. B.;Sun,Y. R. Expression of rabbit defensin NP-1 gene in transgenic tobacco plants and its activity against bacterial wilt Chinese Science Bulletin 1998 SEP 43 18 1544 1550 PT: J 1001-6538 000076896600010 Journal Article Fujiwara,A.;Kawasaki,T.;Usami,S.;Fujie,M.;Yamada,T. Genomic characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum phage phi RSA1 and its related prophage (phi RSX) in strain GMI1000 Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2008 JAN 190 1 143 156 PT: J 0021-9193 000252080400014 Journal Article Furuya,N.;Matsuyama,N. Biological-Control of the Bacterial Wilt of Tomato with Antibiotic Producing Strains of Pseudomonas-Glumae Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1992 DEC 37 2 159 171 PT: J 0023-6152 A1992KK96300006 Journal Article Gabriel,D. W.;Allen,C.;Schell,M.;Denny,T. P.;Greenberg,J. T.;Duan,Y. P.;Flores-Cruz,Z.;Huang,Q.;Clifford,J. M.;Presting,G.;Gonzalez,E. T.;Reddy,J.;Elphinstone,J.;Swanson,J.;Yao,J.;Mulholland,V.;Liu,L.;Farmerie,W.;Patnaikuni,M.;Balogh,B.;Norman,D.;Alvarez,A.;Castillo,J. A.;Jones,J.;Saddler,G.;Walunas,T.;Zhukov,A.;Mikhailova,N. Identification of open reading frames unique to a select agent: Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2006 Jan 19 1 69 79 Arginine;Genes, Bacterial;Genome, Bacterial/genetics;Multigene Family;Open Reading Frames/genetics;Promoter Regions (Genetics);Prophages;Protein Transport;Ralstonia solanacearum/classification/genetics/pathogenicity;Sequence Analysis, DNA;Species Specificity;Virulence Factors An 8x draft genome was obtained and annotated for Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3B2) strain UW551, a United States Department of Agriculture Select Agent isolated from geranium. The draft UW551 genome consisted of 80,169 reads resulting in 582 contigs containing 5,925,491 base pairs, with an average 64.5% GC content. Annotation revealed a predicted 4,454 protein coding open reading frames (ORFs), 43 tRNAs, and 5 rRNAs; 2,793 (or 62%) of the ORFs had a functional assignment. The UW551 genome was compared with the published genome of R. solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 tropical tomato strain GMI1000. The two phylogenetically distinct strains were at least 71% syntenic in gene organization. Most genes encoding known pathogenicity determinants, including predicted type III secreted effectors, appeared to be common to both strains. A total of 402 unique UW551 ORFs were identified, none of which had a best hit or >45% amino acid sequence identity with any R. solanacearum predicted protein; 16 had strong (E < 10(-13)) best hits to ORFs found in other bacterial plant pathogens. Many of the 402 unique genes were clustered, including 5 found in the hrp region and 38 contiguous, potential prophage genes. Conservation of some UW551 unique genes among R3B2 strains was examined by polymerase chain reaction among a group of 58 strains from different races and biovars, resulting in the identification of genes that may be potentially useful for diagnostic detection and identification of R3B2 strains. One 22-kb region that appears to be present in GMI1000 as a result of horizontal gene transfer is absent from UW551 and encodes enzymes that likely are essential for utilization of the three sugar alcohols that distinguish biovars 3 and 4 from biovars 1 and 2. PUBM: Print; JID: 9107902; 0 (Virulence Factors); 74-79-3 (Arginine); ppublish United States 0894-0282 Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. gabriel@biotech.ufl.edu PMID: 16404955 eng Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM Book, Section Gadewar,A. V.;Shekhawat,G. S.;Chakrabarti,S. K. Antibiotic-induces virulence and changes in colony morphology of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1993 261 268 Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Galbraith,L.;Jonsson,M. H.;Rudhe,L. C.;Wilkinson,S. G. Lipids and fatty acids of Burkholderia and Ralstonia species FEMS Microbiology Letters FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1999 APR 15 173 2 359 364 PT: J 0378-1097 000079640800013 Journal Article Gallardo,P. B.;Panno,L. C. Biological-Control of Bacterial Wilt Potato Induced by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Smith,e.F. Revista de Microbiologia Rev. Microbiol. 1989 JAN-MAR 20 1 18 26 PT: J 0001-3714 A1989U220600005 Journal Article Gallegly Jr.,M. E.;Walker,J. C. Relation of environmental factors to bacterial wilt of tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1949 39 936 946 Journal Article Gallegly,M. E. Host Nutrition and Predisposition in Relation to Development of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1949 39 1 7 7 PT: J 0031-949X A1949UM94100029 Journal Article Gallegly,M. E. Host Nutrition in Relation to Development of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1948 38 1 9 9 PT: J 0031-949X A1948UM92900040 Journal Article Gallegly,M. E.;Walker,J. C. Plant Nutrition in Relation to Disease Development .5. Bacterial Wilt of Tomato American Journal of Botany Am. J. Bot. 1949 36 8 613 623 PT: J 0002-9122 A1949UF00400009 Journal Article Gan,S.;Li,M.;Li,F.;Wu,K.;Wu,J.;Bai,J. Genetic analysis of growth and susceptibility to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Eucalyptus by interspecific factorial crossing Silvae Genetica Silvae Genet. 2004 53 5-6 254 258 PT: J 0037-5349 000229776400013 Journal Article Gao,G.;Jin,L. P.;Xie,K. Y.;Qu,D. Y. The potato StLTPa7 gene displays a complex Ca2+-associated pattern of expression during the early stage of potato-Ralstonia solanacearum interaction Molecular Plant Pathology Mol. Plant Pathol. 2009 10 1 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00508.x Although nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely expressed during plant defence responses to pathogens, their functions and regulation are not fully understood. In this article, we report the isolation of a cDNA for the new nsLTP, StLTPa7, from cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) infected with Ralstonia solanacearum. The cDNA was predicted to encode a type 1 nsLTP containing an N-terminal signal sequence and possessing the characteristic features of nsLTPs. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the encoded amino acid sequence of the nsLTP was similar to those of other previously reported plant nsLTPs, which contain a putative calmodulin-binding site consisting of approximately 12 highly conserved amino acid residues. The expression of the StLTPa7 gene was studied during the early stages of potato-R. solanacearum interaction using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Northern analyses, and a complex calcium (Ca2+)-associated pattern of expression was observed with the following features: (i) transcripts of the StLTPa7 gene were systemically up-regulated by infection with R. solanacearum; (ii) the StLTPa7 gene was stimulated by salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and Ca2+; (iii) qRT-PCR showed that, during the early stage of R. solanacearum infection, nsLTP transcripts accumulated over a time course that paralleled that of Ca2+ accumulation, detected using environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrometry; and (iv) the Ca2+ channel blocker, ruthenium red, partially blocked R. solanacearum-induced StLTPa7 expression. This report represents the first use of EDAX analysis to establish a synchrony between Ca2+ accumulation and nsLTP expression in response to potato-R. solanacearum interactions. Collectively, these results suggest that StLTPa7 may be a pathogen- and Ca2+-responsive plant defence gene. 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00508.x Journal Article Garg,R. P.;Huang,J. Z.;Yindeeyoungyeon,W.;Denny,T. P.;Schell,M. A. Multicomponent transcriptional regulation at the complex promoter of the exopolysaccharide I biosynthetic operon of Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2000 DEC 182 23 6659 6666 PT: J 0021-9193 000167293600017 Journal Article Gava,C. A. T.;Pereira,J. C.;Fernandes,M. D.;Neves,M. C. P. Selection of streptomycetes isolates for the control of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato plants Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 2002 OCT 37 10 1373 1380 PT: J 0100-204X 000178900500004 Journal Article Genin,S.;Boucher,C. Ralstonoia solanacearum: secrets of a major pathogen unveiled by analysis of its genome Molecular Plant Pathology Mol. Plant Pathol. 2002 3 3 111 118 Journal Article Genin,S.;Brito,B.;Denny,T. P.;Boucher,C. Control of the Ralstonia solanacearum Type III secretion system (Hrp) genes by the global virulence regulator PhcA FEBS letters FEBS Lett. 2005 APR 11 579 10 2077 2081 PT: J 0014-5793 000228310700010 Journal Article Genin,Stephane;Boucher,C. Lessons learned from the genome analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2004 42 1 107 134 Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating plant pathogen with a global distribution and an unusually wide host range. This bacterium can also be free-living as a saprophyte in water or in the soil in the absence of host plants. The availability of the complete genome sequence from strain GMI1000 provided the basis for an integrative analysis of the molecular traits determining the adaptation of the bacterium to various environmental niches and pathogenicity toward plants. This review summarizes current knowledge and speculates on some key bacterial functions, including metabolic versatility, resistance to metals, complex and extensive systems for motility and attachment to external surfaces, and multiple protein secretion systems. Genome sequence analysis provides clues about the evolution of essential virulence genes such as those encoding the Type III secretion system and related pathogenicity effectors. It also provided insights into possible mechanisms contributing to the rapid adaptation of the bacterium to its environment in general and to its interaction with plants in particular. M3: doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.011204.104301 Journal Article Ghate,S. R.;Gitaitis,R. D.;Phatak,S. C.;Jaworski,C. A. A field inoculator for potatoes Transaction of the ASAE Transaction of the ASAE 1982 919 920 Journal Article Gillespie,K. M.;Angle,J. S.;Hirsch,J. Runoff losses of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (lacZY) from soil FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1995 17 239 246 Journal Article Gillham,F. E. M.;Harrigan,E. K. S. Disease Resistant Flue-Cured Tobacco Breeding Lines for North Queensland .2. Resistance to Bacterial Wilt, Pseudomonas-Solanacearum and Black Shank, Phytophthora-Nicotianae Var Nicotianae Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 1977 17 87 659 663 PT: J 0816-1089 A1977DS42600019 Book, Section Gillings,M. R.;Fahy,P. C. Genomic fingerprinting and PCR analysis: rapid sensitive and inexpensive means of differentiating strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1993 85 92 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Gillings,M.;Fahy,P. Genetic diversity of Pseudomonas solanacearum biovars 2 and N2 assessed using restriction endonuclease analysis of total genomic DNA Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 1993 42 774 753 Journal Article Gillings,M.;Fahy,P.;Davies,C. Restriction analysis of an amplified polygalacturonase gene fragment differentiates strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum Letters in Applied Microbiology Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1993 17 44 48 Journal Article Gionson-Monsalud,R.;Aspiras,R. B.;Barraquio,W. L.;Manguiat,I. J.;Natural,M. P. Population changes of gusA-marked Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil under two moisture and temperature conditions Philippine Agricultural Scientist 2002 JUN 85 2 161 169 PT: J 0031-7454 000176430600006 Journal Article Gitaitis,R.;McCarter,S.;Jones,J. Disease control in tomato transplants produced in Georgia and Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1992 76 7 651 656 Journal Article Gitaitis,R. D.;Jaworski,C. A.;Phatak,S. C. Effects of Inoculum Density on Bacterial Wilt of Potato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1982 72 3 356 356 PT: J 0031-949X A1982NG83300041 Journal Article Gnanamanickam,S. S.;Lokeswari,T. S.;Nandini,K. R. Bacterial wilt of banana in Southern India Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1979 63 6 525 528 PT: J 0032-0811 A1979GZ12800029 Journal Article Godiard,L.;Sauviac,L.;Torii,K. U.;Grenon,O.;Mangin,B.;Grimsley,N. H.;Marco,Y. ERECTA, an LRR receptor-like kinase protein controlling development pleiotropically affects resistance to bacterial wilt Plant Journal 2003 NOV 36 3 353 365 PT: J 0960-7412 000186077000006 Journal Article Gonzalez,E. T.;Brown,D. G.;Swanson,J. K.;Allen,C. Using the Ralstonia solanacearum Tat secretome to identify bacterial wilt virulence factors Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 JUN 73 12 3779 3786 PT: J 0099-2240 000247394200002 Journal Article Gonzalez,L. C.;Sequeira,L.;Rowe,P. R. A root innoculation technique to screen potato seedlings for resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1972 50 96 104 Journal Article Gonzalez,W. G.;Summers,W. L. Host-plant resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato germplasm Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 1996 43 569 574 Journal Article Gonzalez,W. G.;Summers,W. L. A comparison of Pseudomonas solanacearum-resistant tomato cultivars as hybrid parents Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1995 120 6 891 895 Journal Article Gonzalez,E. T.;Allen,C. Characterization of a Ralstonia solanacearum operon required for polygalacturonate degradation and uptake of galacturonic acid Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2003 JUN 16 6 536 544 PT: J 0894-0282 000182965500007 Journal Article Gonzalez,L. C. Field Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Hybrid Potato Progenies Phytopathology Phytopathology 1972 62 7 760 760 PT: J 0031-949X A1972N043800118 Journal Article Gonzalez,L. C.;Bianchin,R. Field-Tests for Simultaneous Resistance of Potato to Bacterial Wilt and Late Blight Phytopathology Phytopathology 1974 64 6 768 768 PT: J 0031-949X A1974T345800010 Journal Article Goode,M. J. A Theory on Occurrence of Tomato Bacterial Wilt in Arkansas Arkansas Farm Research Arkansas Farm Res. 1986 SEP-OCT 35 5 8 8 PT: J 0004-1785 A1986E522200006 Journal Article Gorissen,A.;van Overbeek,L. S.;van Elsas,J. D. Pig slurry reduces the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in soil Canadian journal of microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 2004 AUG 50 8 587 593 PT: J 0008-4166 000224734600005 Journal Article Goth,R. W.;Haynes,K. G.;Barksdale,T. H. Improvement of levels of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant through breeding Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1991 75 398 401 Journal Article Goth,R. W.;Peter,K. V.;Sayre,R. M.;Webb,R. E. Effects of Root-Knot Nematode on Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1983 73 6 966 966 PT: J 0031-949X A1983QV19700104 Journal Article Goth,R. W.;Peter,K. V.;Webb,R. E. Bacterial Wilt, Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Resistance in Pepper and Eggplant Lines Phytopathology Phytopathology 1983 73 5 808 808 PT: J 0031-949X A1983QQ87900348 Journal Article Gousset,C.;Collonnier,C.;Mulya,K.;Mariska,I.;Rotino,G. L.;Besse,P.;Servaes,A.;Sihachakr,D. Solanum torvum, as a useful source of resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases for improvement of eggplant (S. melongena L.) Plant Science Plant Science 2005 168 2 319 327 Accessions of Solanum torvum SW, a wild relative of eggplant, were collected in Java Island, Indonesia, and assessed for morphology, fertility, levels of resistance against both Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, as well as the genetic diversity by using RAPD and I-SSR markers. When grown to maturity in the field in Bogor, Indonesia, plants were very vigorous and showed a high polymorphism in all characters examined among the accessions, except for the stem diameter and the number of branches. The relatively high heterogeneity in morphology and fertility could not be related to the geographical origin of the accessions surveyed, and was not corroborated by genetic analysis. By using RAPD markers, 8.4% polymorphism were detected in two genotypes (BML and BG1) among the 11 accessions analysed, whereas screening with I-SSR markers has resulted in 3.3% polymorphism in three accessions, BG1, CN1 and CN2. This therefore gives a global 4.7% polymorphism, individualising only four accessions among the 11 tested. Twenty nine accessions of S. torvum and eggplant, cv Pusa Purple Long used as positive control, were evaluated for resistance to R. solanacearum (race 1 biovar 3, strain T926) in the greenhouse in Bogor. All inoculated plants of eggplant died within 2 weeks. Bacterial wilt symptoms occurred on lower leaves of S. torvum plants tested without however causing any plant death. The presence of bacteria, serologically detected in roots of symptomless plants, suggested S. torvum to be tolerant to R. solanacearum. A sample of 10 accessions was shown to be highly resistant to an Italian isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. melongena, while the cultivated eggplant, line Tina used as positive control, died within 2 weeks after inoculation. The low levels of genetic diversity of Javanese accessions of S. torvum and their relatively homogeneous response in tolerance and resistance to bacterial and fungal wilts are discussed, respectively. Journal Article Graham,J.;Jones,D. A.;Lloyd,A. B. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum race 3 in plant debris and in latently infected potato tubers Phytopathology Phytopathology 1979 69 1100 1103 Journal Article Graham,J.;Lloyd,A. B. Survival of potato strain (race 3) of Pseudomonas solanacearum in the deeper soil layers Australian Journal of Agricultural Research Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1979 30 489 496 Journal Article Graham,J.;Lloyd,A. B. Solanum cinereum R. Br., a wild host of Pseudomonas solanacearum biotype II Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 1978 44 124 126 Journal Article Graham,J.;Lloyd,A. B. An improved indicator plant method for the detection of Pseudomonas solanacearum race 3 in soil Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1978 62 1 35 37 Journal Article Graham,J. Bacterial Wilt of Potatoes Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Ef Sm Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 1979 45 2 123 124 PT: J 0045-0545 A1979HJ33500008 Journal Article Granada,G. A.;Sequeira,L. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum in soil, rhizosphere, and plant roots Canadian Journal of Microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 1983 29 433 440 Conference Proceedings Granada,G. A.;Sequeira,L. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum in presumed non-host plants: a new concept 1981 Aug. 16-23 439 440 Lozano,J. C.;Gwin,P. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Cali, Colombia CIAT Cali, Colombia Journal Article Granada,G. A.;Sequeira,L. A new selective medium for Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1983 67 10 1084 1088 Journal Article Grass,G.;Grosse,C.;Nies,D. H. Regulation of the cnr cobalt and nickel resistance determinant from Ralstonia sp strain CH34 Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2000 MAR 182 5 1390 1398 PT: J 0021-9193 000085337200027 Journal Article Grey,B. E.;Steck,T. R. The viable but nonculturable state of Ralstonia solanacearum may be involved in long-term survival and plant infection Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001 67 3866 3872 Journal Article Griep,R. A.;van Twisk,C.;van Beckhoven,J. R. C. M.;van der Wolf,J. M.;Schots,A. Development of specific recombinant monoclonal antibodies against the lipopolysachharide of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 Phytopathology Phytopathology 1998 88 795 803 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Anais,G.;Prior,P. Distribution of Pseudomonas solanacearum in the stem tissues of tomato plants with different levels of resistance to bacterial wilt Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 1994 43 663 668 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Prior,P. Grafting tomato cultivars resistant or susceptible to bacterial wilt:analysis of resistance mechanisms Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1994 141 330 334 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Prior,P. Invasiveness of Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato, eggplant and pepper: a comparative study European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1994 100 259 267 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Prior,P. Invasiveness of avirulent strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato cultivars, resistant or susceptible to bacterial wilt Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1994 141 195 201 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Prior,P. Bacterial wilt resistance in tomato associated with tolerance of vascular tissue to Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 1993 42 589 594 Journal Article Grimault,V.;Prior,P.;Anais,G. A monogenic dominant resistance of tomato to bacterial wilt in Hawaii 7996 is associated with plant colonization by Pseudomonas solanacearum Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1995 143 349 352 Book, Section Grimault,V.;Schmit,J.;Prior,P. Some characteristics involved in bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) resistance in tomato 1993 112 119 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Grousset,F.;Roy,A. S.;Smith,I. M. Situation of Ralstonia solanacearum in the EPPO region in 1997 Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 53 63 Journal Article Grover,A.;Azmi,W.;Gadewar,A. V.;Pattanayak,D.;Naik,P. S.;Shekhawat,G. S.;Chakrabarti,S. K. Genotypic diversity in a localized population of Ralstonia solanacearum as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers Journal of applied microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 2006 OCT 101 4 798 806 PT: J 1364-5072 000240441100006 Journal Article Grover,A.;Azmi,W.;Khurana,S. M. Paul;Chakrabarti,S. K. Multiple displacement amplification as a pre-polymerase chain reaction (pre-PCR) to detect ultra low population of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuchi et al. (1996) Letters in applied microbiology Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2009 NOV 49 5 539 543 diagnosis;multiple displacement amplification;Ralstonia solanacearum;whole genome amplification;29 DNA polymerase;WHOLE-GENOME AMPLIFICATION;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;REAL-TIME;BACTERIUM;DNA;STRAINS;SAMPLES;ASSAY;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Microbiology Aims: To develop a reliable and sensitive protocol for detection of Ralstonia solanacearum using MDA-PCR (Multiple displacement amplification-PCR amplification). Methods and Results: MDA-PCR technique was performed on pure cell lysates as well as soil samples. Pure cell lysate as well as that of soil DNA was used as template in MDA reaction. MDA of template DNA was carried out in the presence of sample buffer, reaction buffer and enzyme mix ( 29 DNA polymerase and random hexamers). The MDA amplified DNA was used for PCR amplification using R. solanacearum -specific PCR primers. MDA-PCR could detect as low as 1 colony forming unit (CFU ml-1) of bacteria within 8 h including DNA isolation. Conclusion: MDA followed by standard PCR facilitated the detection of pathogen from very low count samples. The method is of great importance in managing the brown rot disease of potato. Significance and Impact of study: The ultrasensitive detection technique developed in the present study is sensitive and speedy enough to be included into integrated wilt disease control programmes. PT: J; NR: 22; TC: 0; J9: LETT APPL MICROBIOL; PG: 5; GA: 505WK WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0266-8254 [Grover, A.; Chakrabarti, S. K.] Cent Potato Res Inst, Div Crop Improvement, Shimla 171001, Himachal Prades, India. [Azmi, W.] Himachal Pradesh Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Shimla, HP, India. [Khurana, S. M. Paul] Rani Durgavati Univ, Jabalpur, MP, India.; Grover, A, Cent Potato Res Inst, Div Crop Improvement, Shimla 171001, Himachal Prades, India.; alkagrover@hotmail.com 000270730000002 English Article 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02687.x Journal Article Gu,Xiaogang;Glushka,John;Yin,Yanbin;Xu,Ying;Denny,Timothy;Smith,James;Jiang,Yingnan;Bar-Peled,Maor Identification of a bifunctional UDP-4-keto-pentose/UDP-xylose synthase in the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum strain GMI1000, a distinct member of the 4,6-dehydratase and decarboxylase family Journal of Biological Chemistry J. Biol. Chem. 2010 MAR 19 285 12 9030 9040 O-SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDE;UDP-GLUCURONIC ACID;BETA-D-XYLOSYLTRANSFERASE;ESCHERICHIA-COLI;CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS;POLYMYXIN RESISTANCE;D-XYLOSE;STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION;PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA;STREPTOMYCES-FRADIAE;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The UDP-sugar interconverting enzymes involved in UDPGlcA metabolism are well described in eukaryotes but less is known in prokaryotes. Here we identify and characterize a gene (RsU4kpxs) from Ralstonia solanacearum str. GMI1000, which encodes a dual function enzyme not previously described. One activity is to decarboxylate UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranosyl-4 ''-ulose in the presence of NAD(+). The second activity converts UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranosyl-4 ''-ulose and NADH to UDP-xylose and NAD(+), albeit at a lower rate. Our data also suggest that following decarboxylation, there is stereospecific protonation at the C5 pro-R position. The identification of the R. solanacearum enzyme enables us to propose that the ancestral enzyme of UDP-xylose synthase and UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase was diverged to two distinct enzymatic activities in early bacteria. This separation gave rise to the current UDP-xylose synthase in animal, fungus, and plant as well as to the plant Uaxs and bacterial ArnA and U4kpxs homologs. PT: J; NR: 39; TC: 0; J9: J BIOL CHEM; PG: 11; GA: 568VZ AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC BETHESDA; 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA 0021-9258 [Gu, Xiaogang; Glushka, John; Smith, James; Jiang, Yingnan; Bar-Peled, Maor] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yin, Yanbin; Xu, Ying] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Denny, Timothy] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathogen, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bar-Peled, Maor] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Bar-Peled, M, CCRC 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; peled@ccrc.uga.edu 000275553700054 English Article 10.1074/jbc.M109.066803 Journal Article Gueneron,M.;Timmers,A. C. J.;Boucher,C.;Arlat,M. Two novel proteins, PopB, which has functional nuclear localization signals, and PopC, which has a large leucine-rich repeat domain, are secreted through the Hrp-secretion apparatus of Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2000 APR 36 2 261 277 PT: J 0950-382X 000086980800002 Journal Article Guidot,A.;Coupat,B.;Fall,S.;Prior,P.;Bertolla,F. Horizontal gene transfer between Ralstonia solanacearum strains detected by comparative genomic hybridization on microarrays Isme Journal Isme J. 2009 MAY 3 5 549 562 horizontal gene transfer;microarrays;Ralstonia solanacearum;FOREIGN DNA ACQUISITION;III SECRETION SYSTEM;NATURAL TRANSFORMATION;PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS;BACTERIAL GENOMES;ESCHERICHIA-COLI;EVOLUTION;RECOMBINATION;VIRULENCE;EXCHANGE;Ecology;Microbiology The plant pathogenic Betaproteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is a complex species in that most of the strains share the common characteristic of being naturally transformable. In this study, we used a new approach based on comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on microarrays to investigate the extent of horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) between different strains of R. solanacearum. Recipient strains from phylotypes I, II and III were naturally transformed in vitro by genomic DNA from the GMI1000 reference strain (phylotype I) and the resulting DNAs were hybridized on a microarray representative of the 5120 predicted genes from the GMI1000 strain. In addition to transfer of the antibiotic resistance marker, in 8 of the 16 tested transformants, CGH on microarrays detected other transferred GMI1000 genes and revealed their number, category, function and localization along the genome. We showed that DNA blocks up to 30 kb and 33 genes could be integrated during a single event. Most of these blocks flanked the marker gene DNA but, interestingly, multiple DNA acquisitions along the genome also occurred in a single recombinant clone in one transformation experiment. The results were confirmed by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing and Southern blot hybridization. This represents the first comprehensive identification of gene acquisitions and losses along the genome of the recipient bacterial strain during natural transformation experiments. In future studies, this strategy should help to answer many questions related to HGT mechanisms. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 549-562; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.14; published online 26 February 2009 PT: J; NR: 44; TC: 0; J9: ISME J; PG: 14; GA: 444DK NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA 1751-7362 [Coupat, Benedicte; Fall, Saliou; Bertolla, Franck] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRA,USC 1193,Inst Federatif Rech 41, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Guidot, Alice; Prior, Philippe] UMR Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu T, CIRAD, St Pierre, Reunion.; Bertolla, F, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRA,USC 1193,Inst Federatif Rech 41, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois,Batiment Gregor Mende, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.; bertolla@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr 000265960400005 English Article 10.1038/ismej.2009.14 Journal Article Guidot,A.;Prior,P.;Schoenfeld,J.;Carrere,S.;Genin,S.;Boucher,C. Genomic structure and phylogeny of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum inferred from gene distribution analysis Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2007 JAN 189 2 377 387 PT: J 0021-9193 000243452800013 Journal Article Guidot,A.;Elbaz,M.;Carrere,Sebastien;Siri,M. I.;Pianzzola,M. J.;Prior,P.;Boucher,C. Specific genes from the potato brown rot strains of Ralstonia solanacearum and their potential use for strain detection Phytopathology Phytopathology 2009 SEP 99 9 1105 1112 PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY;RACE-3 BIOVAR-2;INFECTION;IDENTIFICATION;LATENT;GERANIUM;BACTERIA;ELEMENTS;Plant Sciences Ralstonia solanacearum is the agent of bacterial wilt infecting > 200 different plant species covering > 50 botanical families. The genus R. solanacearum can be classified into four phylotypes and each phylotype can be further subdivided into sequevars. The potato brown rot strains of R. solanacearum from phylotype IIB, sequevar 1 (IIB1), historically known as race 3, biovar 2 strains, are responsible for important economic losses to the potato industry and threaten ornamental crop production worldwide. Sensitive and specific detection methods are required to control this pathogen. This article provides a list of 70 genes and 15 intergenes specific to the potato brown rot strains of R. solanacearum from phylotype IIB1. This list was identified by comparative genomic hybridization on microarray and subsequent polymerase chain reaction validation with 14 IIB1 strains against 45 non-IIB1 strains that covered the known genetic diversity in R. solanacearum. The microarray used consisted of the previously described microarray representative of the phylotype I strain GMI1000, to which were added 660 70-mer oligonucleotides representative of new genomic islands detected in the phylotype IIB1 strain IPO1609. The brown rot strain-specific genes thus identified were organized in nine clusters covering 2 to 29 genes within the IPO1609 genome and 6 genes isolated along the genome. Of these specific genes, 29 were parts of mobile genetic elements. Considering the known instability of the R. solanacearum genome, we believe that multiple probes are required to consistently detect all IIB1 strains and we recommend the use of probes which are not part of genetic mobile elements. PT: J; NR: 38; TC: 0; J9: PHYTOPATHOLOGY; PG: 8; GA: 482HX AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0031-949X [Elbaz, M.; Carrere, Sebastien; Boucher, C.] INRA, CNRS, LIPM, UMR, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Guidot, A.; Prior, P.] PVBMT, UMR, CIRAD, St Pierre 97410, Reunion. [Siri, M. I.; Pianzzola, M. J.] UDELAR, Fac Quim, Catedra Microbiol, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.; Boucher, C, INRA, CNRS, LIPM, UMR, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.; Christian.Boucher@toulouse.inra.fr 000268876800013 English Article 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1105 Journal Article Hacisalihoglu,G.;Ji,P. S.;Longo,L. M.;Olson,S.;Momol,T. M. Bacterial wilt induced changes in nutrient distribution and biomass and the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl on bacterial wilt in tomato Crop Protection Crop Prot. 2007 JUL 26 7 978 982 PT: J 0261-2194 000247186300015 Journal Article Hacisalihoglu,G.;Ji,P. S.;Olson,S. M.;Momol,M. T. Effect of Ralstonia solanacearum on mineral nutrients and infrared temperatures in two tomato cultivars Journal of Plant Nutrition J. Plant Nutr. 2008 31 7 1221 1231 The objective of this study was to determine how the responses of two tomato cultivars to Ralstonia solanacearum relate to their leaf infrared temperature and acquiring of nutrients from soil. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars of disease susceptible-'FL 47' and resistant-'H 7998' were grown in soil inoculated with R. solanacearum. Bacterial wilt incidence, leaf infrared temperatures, and uptake of nutrients were measured for 28 d. In bacterial wilt-resistant cultivar 'H 7998', concentration of sulfur (S; +77%), calcium (Ca; +66%), boron (B; +60%) were found higher and nitrogen (N; -26%) were found lower, compared with susceptible 'FL 47'. Infrared temperatures were correlated with wilt percentage at 14 d, but not at 7 d. These results provide evidence that there is a correlation between bacterial wilt resistance and translocation of some nutrients in the shoots. Additionally, data indicates that the infrared thermometer could only detect wilting after obvious symptoms were visibly incited by R. solanacearum in tomato. Journal Article Hai,T. T. H.;Esch,E.;Wang,J. F. Resistance to Taiwanese race 1 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum in wild tomato germplasm European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2008 122 4 471 479 A total of 252 wild Solanum accessions and one population of 49 introgression lines of LA716 were screened for resistance to a race 1/biovar 4/phylotype I strain Pss186 of Ralstonia solanacearum. Most wild tomato accessions were highly susceptible. However, five accessions of S. pennellii, i.e. LA1943, LA716, LA1656, LA1732 and TL01845 were resistant to strain Pss186. These accessions were then challenged against two other race 1/phylotpye I strains Pss4 and Pss190, which were more aggressive. All the five S. pennellii accessions were susceptible to Pss4, but displayed high to moderate resistance to Pss190 with a percentage of wilted plants ranging from 0% to 60%. Pss190 is an aggressive strain that made a resistant tomato line Hawaii 7996 susceptible. Thus, the results found in this study provide evidence of the presence of strain-specific resistance. LA3501, which has an introgression segment on chromosome 6, was found to be resistant to Pss186 among the screened introgression lines. This confirms the importance of resistance trait loci on chromosome 6 that have been identified by other studies. This is the first report of S. pennellii being resistant to bacterial wilt. These new resistant sources will provide breeders with more resources to breed for stable resistance to bacterial wilt of tomato. Journal Article Hanson,P. M.;Wang,J. F.;Licardo,O.;Hanudin;Mah,S. Y.;Hartman,G. L.;Lin,Y. C.;Chen,J. T. Variable reaction of tomato lines to bacterial wilt evaluated at several locations in Southeast Asia HortScience HortScience 1996 31 143 146 Journal Article Hanson,P. M.;Licardo,O.;Hanudin;Wang,J. F.;Chen,J. T. Diallel analysis of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato derived from different sources Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1998 JAN 82 1 74 78 PT: J 0191-2917 000071205200013 Journal Article Haque,M. A.;Echandi,E. Characteristics of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from tobacco in North Carolina Phytopathology Phytopathology 1984 74 858 A548 Report Harmon,P. F.;Harmon,C. L.;Norman,D.;Momol,T. Southern wilt of geranium 2005 Fact Sheet PP-206 5 University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Florida, U. S. Journal Article Harrison,D. E. Bacterial Wilt of Potatoes .1. Field Symptoms of Disease and Studies on Causal Organism, Pseudomonas Solanacearum Variety Asiaticum Australian Journal of Agricultural Research Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1961 12 5 854 & PT: J 0004-9409 A19616056A00006 Book, Section Hartman,G. L.;Huang,Y. H.;Hong,W. F. Interaction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and phytophtora capsici on peppers 1993 348 351 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Hartman,G. L.;Yang,C. H. The effect of amendment on the population of Pseudomonas solanacearum and the incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1990 80 1002 A353 Journal Article Hartung,F.;Werner,R.;Muhlbach,H. P.;Buttner,C. Highly specific PCR-diagnosis to determine Pseudomonas solanacearum strains of different geographical origins Theoretical and Applied Genetics Theor. Appl. genet. 1998 96 797 802 Journal Article Hase,S.;Shimizu,A.;Nakaho,K.;Takenaka,S.;Takahashi,H. Induction of transient ethylene and reduction in severity of tomato bacterial wilt by Pythium oligandrum Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2006 AUG 55 4 537 543 PT: J 0032-0862 000239115700009 Journal Article Hassan,M. A. E.;Bereika,M. F. F.;Abo-Elnaga,H. I. G.;Sallam,M. A. A. Direct antimicrobial activity and induction of systemic resistance in potato plants against bacterial wilt disease by plant extracts Plant Pathology Journal Plant Pathol. J. 2009 DEC 25 4 352 360 Enzymes activities;Eucalyptus globulus;Hibsicus sabdariffa;Potato plants;Punica granatum;ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL;DEFENSE RESPONSES;PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY;FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM;AZADIRACHTA-INDICA;ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA;LEAF;EXTRACT;FIRE BLIGHT;APPLE;SOLANACEARUM;Agriculture, Multidisciplinary;Plant Sciences The potential of three plants extracts, to protect potato plants against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum was determined under greenhouse and field conditions. All soil drenching treatments of aqueous plant extracts of Hibsicus sabdariffa, Punica granatum and Eucalyptus globulus significantly reduced the disease severity compared with inoculated control. Although the applications of all three plant extracts resulted in similar reductions of disease severity in field up 63.23 to 68.39%, treatment of E. globulus leaf extract was found greater in restricting the symptom development than other the two plant extracts in the greenhouse. More than 94% reduction in the bacterial wilt symptom was observed in potato plants. All tested plant extracts were effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogen, not only in vitro, but also in stem of potato plants as compared with the inoculated control. Potato plants treated with extract of H. sabdariffia reduced bacterial growth more effectively than treatment with R granatum and E. globulus. Activity of defence-related enzymes, including peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, were significantly increased in plants treated with the plant extracts compared to the control during the experimental period. In general, the higher enzymes activities were determined in both inoculated and non-inoculated treated potato plants after 8 days from plant extracts treatment. These results suggested that these plant extracts may be play an important role in controlling the potato bacterial wilt disease, through they have antimicrobial activity and induction of systemic resistance in potato plants. PT: J; NR: 41; TC: 0; J9: PLANT PATHOL J; PG: 9; GA: 526PE KOREAN SOC PLANT PATHOLOGY SUWON; NATIONAL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY DIVISION, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA 1598-2254 [Hassan, M. A. E.; Bereika, M. F. F.; Abo-Elnaga, H. I. G.; Sallam, M. A. A.] Assiut Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Assiut 71526, Egypt.; Hassan, MAE, Assiut Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Assiut 71526, Egypt.; habatalasamar@yahoo.com 000272302400007 English Article Journal Article Hayward,A. C. Biotypes of Pseudomonas solanacearum in Australia Australian Plant Pathology Society Newsletter 1975 4 9 11 Journal Article Hayward,A. C. Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1991 29 65 87 Conference Proceedings Hayward,A. C. Systematics and relationships of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1976 July 18-24 6 18 Sequeira,L.;Kelman,A. proceedings of the first international planning conference and workshop on the control of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Raleigh, N. C. Journal Article Hayward,A. C. Characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum Journal of Applied Bacteriology J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1964 27 265 277 Journal Article Hayward,A. C.;El-Nashaar,H. M.;Nydegger,U.;De Lindo,L. Variation in nitrogen metabolism in biovars of Pseudomonas solanacearum Journal of Applied Bacteriology J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1990 69 269 280 Journal Article Hayward,A. C.;Moffet,M. L. Leaf spot on Capsicum and tomato caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1978 62 75 78 Book, Section Hayward,A. C. Research on bacterial wilt: a perspective on international linkages and access to the literature 2005 1 8 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Book, Section Hayward,A. C. Systematics and phylogeny of Pseudomonas solanacearum and related bacteria 1994 123 135 Hayward,A. C.;Hartman,G. L. Bacterial wilt: the disease and its causative agent, Pseudomonas solanacearum CAB International Wallingford, U.K. Journal Article He,L. Y. Agrometeorological zoning in China and damages of the potato crop by bacterial wilt Acta Horticulturae Acta Hort. 1987 214 183 186 Journal Article He,L. Y.;Sequeira,L.;Kelman,A. Characteristics of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from China Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1983 67 1357 1361 Journal Article Heaton,J. B.;Benson,C. W. Bacterial Wilt Pseudomonas Solanacearum (Erw Smith 1896) Erw Smith 1914 of Tomato in Northern Territory Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 1968 34 1 37 & PT: J 0045-0545 A1968A928400007 Journal Article Hebert,Y. Comparison of the Resistance Level of 9 Solanum Species to Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas-Solanacearum) and Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne-Incognita) and Possible Implications in Eggplant (Solanum-Melongena) Breeding for the Hot Humid Tropics Agronomie Agronomie 1985 5 1 27 32 PT: J 0249-5627 A1985ABX1400004 Journal Article Herlache,T. C.;Hotchkiss,A. T.;Burr,T. J.;Collmer,A. Characterization of the Agrobacterium vitis pehA gene and comparison of the encoded polygalacturonase with the homologous enzymes from Erwinia carotovora and Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997 JAN 63 1 338 346 PT: J 0099-2240 A1997WA16800056 Journal Article Hernandez-Romero,D.;Solano,F.;Sanchez-Amat,A. Polyphenol oxidase activity expression in Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005 NOV 71 11 6808 6815 PT: J 0099-2240 000233225000044 Journal Article Heuer,H.;Yin,Y. N.;Xue,Q. Y.;Smalla,K.;Guo,J. H. Repeat domain diversity of avrBs3-like genes in Ralstonia solanacearum strains and association with host preferences in the field Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 JUL 73 13 4379 4384 PT: J 0099-2240 000248070000040 Journal Article Hikichi,Y.;Nakazawa-Nasu,Y.;Kitanosono,S.;Suzuki,K.;Okuno,T. The behaviour of Lux-marked Ralstonia solanacearum in grafted tomato cultivars resistant or susceptible to bacterial wilt Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1999 65 597 603 Journal Article Hikichi,Y.;Yoshimochi,T.;Tsujimoto,S.;Shinohara,R.;Nakaho,K.;Kanda,A.;Kiba,A.;Ohnishi,K. Global regulation of pathogenicity mechanism of Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Biotechnology Plant Biotechnol. 2007 24 149 154 Journal Article Hirsch,J.;Deslandes,L.;Feng,D. X.;Balague,C.;Marco,Y. Delayed symptom development in ein2-1, an Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive mutant, in response to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2002 OCT 92 10 1142 1148 PT: J 0031-949X 000178384100014 Journal Article Ho,Fang-I;Chen,Yong-Yi;Lin,Yu-Mei;Cheng,Chiu-Ping;Wang,Jaw-Fen A tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing system for a soil-borne vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Botanical Studies Bot. Stud. 2009 OCT 50 4 413 424 Bacterial wilt;Jasmonic acid defense signaling pathway;Ralstonia solanacearum;Virus-induced gene silencing;NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA;DISEASE RESISTANCE;TOMATO;PLANTS;MAPK CASCADES;ARABIDOPSIS;DEFENSE;IDENTIFICATION;HOMOLOGS;REVEALS;Plant Sciences Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating soil-borne vascular disease of solanaceous crops worldwide. However, information on the defense mechanisms of Solanaceae against this bacterium is limited. In this study, we optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system to broaden the application of VIGS for the study of plant response to soil-borne vascular pathogens such as R. solanacearum. Due to the soil-borne and rapid xylem-routed infection features of BW, factors involved in Tobacco rattle virus-based VIGS system, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, plant ages, inoculation methods and plant genotypes, were evaluated. An optimized cotyledon agroinfiltration method was developed using phytoene desaturase gene as the marker. All tomato cultivars, but a few pepper and no eggplant cultivars tested showed good competence in gene silencing using the optimized VIGS protocol. Because tomato responses at spatial and temporal levels are critical for the outcome of R. solanacearum infection, spatial and temporal assessments of VIGS efficiency were carried out. The results showed that silencing of TGA2.2 in 9-day-old tomato plants initiated 5 days post inoculation in stembases and later in roots and then in young leaves. Moreover, a chimeric approach was shown to be effective for multi-gene silencing than mixing multiple Agrobacterium strains carrying individual target genes. With the established protocol, we were able to show that silencing CO11, an essential key player in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, led to increase of R. solanacearum proliferation in stembases and mid-stems of 'Hawaii 7996'. a tomato cultivar with durable resistance to BW. Our study provides the first demonstration for a positive role of the JA signaling pathway in tomato resistance to BW, and notably, is inconsistent with the reports in Arabidopsis. The involvement and possible interplays of other known defense signaling pathways in the tomato BW-defense network to R. solanacearum are discussed. PT: J; NR: 43; TC: 0; J9: BOT STUD; PG: 12; GA: 523KB ACAD SINICA, INST PLANT MICROBIAL BIOLOGY RES CENTER BIODIVERSITY TAIPEI; NANKANG, TAIPEI, 11529, TAIWAN 1817-406X [Ho, Fang-I; Wang, Jaw-Fen] AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan 741, Taiwan. [Chen, Yong-Yi; Lin, Yu-Mei; Cheng, Chiu-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Plant Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Yong-Yi; Lin, Yu-Mei; Cheng, Chiu-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Wang, JF, AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, POB 42, Tainan 741, Taiwan.; chiupingcheng@ntu.edu.tw jaw-fen.wang@worldveg.org 000272070900004 English Article Journal Article Ho,W. C.;Chern,L. L.;Ko,W. H. Pseudomonas solanacearum-suppressive soils in Taiwan Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 1988 20 4 489 492 Journal Article Ho,G. D.;Yang,C. H. A single locus leads to resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum through a hypersensitive-like response Phytopathology Phytopathology 1999 AUG 89 8 673 678 PT: J 0031-949X 000081699800011 Journal Article Hoger,C. H.;Shrestha,S. K. Control of brown rot of potato with crop rotation in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal IAAS Journal IAAS J. 1981 3 1 23 25 Book, Section Holben,W. E. Isolation and purification of bacterial community DNA from environmental samples . , Manual of Environmental Microbiology 1997 431 436 Hurst,C. H.;Knudsen,G. R.;McInerny,M. J.;Stetzenbach,L. D.;Walter,M. V. Manual of environmental microbiology American Society for Microbiology Press Washington, D. C. Book, Section Holloway,B. W.;St G. Bowen,A. R.;Escuadra,M. D. Whole genome analysis of Pseudomonas 1993 22 27 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Hong,J.;Ji,P.;Momol,T. M.;Olson,S. M.;Jones,J. B. Association of Ralstonia solanacearum in irrigation ponds and on semi-aquatic weeds in North Florida Phytopathology Phytopathology 2006 96 6 S51 Journal Article Hong,J.;Ji,P.;Momol,M. T.;Jones,J. B.;Olson,S. M.;Pradhanang,P.;Guven,K. Ralstonia solanacearum detection in tomato irrigation ponds and weeds Acta Horticulturae Acta Hort. 2005 695 309 312 Journal Article Hong,J. C.;Momol,M. T.;Jones,J. B.;Ji,P. S.;Olson,S. M.;Allen,C.;Perez,A.;Pradhanang,P.;Guven,K. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in irrigation ponds and aquatic weeds associated with the ponds in North Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2008 92 12 1674 1682 The discovery of exotic Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 strains on geranium in north Florida led to a concern that this strain may have become established. Therefore. we monitored irrigation ponds and potential alternative aquatic weeds from 2002 to 2005 for the presence of this strain. We report that this strain, possibly originating from the Caribbean, has become established in several ponds in Gadsden County, FL. Cladistic taxonomy was used to subclassify the bacterium at the species level into four groups or phylotypes based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The bacterium was further divided into sequevars by sequencing the endoglucanase gene (egl). The strains were determined to belong to phylotype II/sequevar 4 NPB (nonpathogenic on banana) that was recently reported in Martinique. Partial sequencing of the egl followed by phylogenetic analysis placed the new Caribbean strains in a different clade than the typical Florida endemic strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed different haplotypes upon comparison of the collected pond strains and the Floridian strains. Based on PFGE polymorphism, egl sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, the Caribbean strains were shown to be identical to the strain isolated from infected geranium plants. Experiments were undertaken to monitor R. solanacearum in irrigation ponds and associated weeds. R. solanacearum was detected in surface-disinfested common aquatic weeds growing in the irrigation ponds, including Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (dollar weed) and Polygonum pennsylvanicum (Pennsylvania smart weed). Both weeds were latently infected and showed no signs of wilt when collected. Two different Hydrocotyle spp. were artificially inoculated with R. solanacearum under greenhouse conditions and both developed symptoms 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and the bacterium was recovered from the tissues 42 dpi. There was a positive correlation between ambient temperature and R. solanacearum populations in irrigation water. as previously shown by other researchers. Journal Article Hopkins,M. S.;McCarter,S. M. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacerum in selected Georgia soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1988 78 628 Journal Article Horita,M.;Tsuchiya,K. Genetic diversity of Japanese strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2001 91 399 407 Journal Article Horita,M.;Tsuchiya,K. Comparative analysis of Japanese and foreign strains of Ralstonia solanacearum based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2000 66 132 137 Journal Article Horita,M.;Tsuchiya,K. Phenotypic characteristics and cluster analysis of japanese and reference strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1999 65 6 604 611 Journal Article Horita,M.;Tsuchiya,K.;Ooshiro,A. Characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar N2 strains in Asia Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2005 APR 153 4 209 213 PT: J 0931-1785 000228064500003 Journal Article Horita,Mitsuo;Suga,Yasuhiro;Ooshiro,Atsushi;Tsuchiya,Kenichi Analysis of genetic and biological characters of Japanese potato strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2010 JUN 76 3 196 207 Ralstonia solanacearum;Potato;Japan;Biovar;Phylotype;Endoglucanase;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BACTERIAL WILT;DIVERSITY;SEQUENCES;BIOVAR-2;RACE-3;PCR;BURKHOLDERIA;GERANIUM;AMERICA;Plant Sciences We assessed the geographic distribution, biovar, phylotype, DNA fingerprints (rep-PCR), and/or endoglucanase sequence of potato bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), in Japan. Rs has been isolated from potato fields in southwestern, warm, temperate regions. Of the 188 isolates, 74 belonged to biovar N2 (39%), 44 to biovar 3 (24%), and 70 to biovar 4 (37%). Biovars N2 and 4 strains were widely distributed, from northern (Hokkaido) to southern (Okinawa) Japan. Based on the results of multiplex-PCR analysis, every potato strains belonged to either phylotype I or IV. Phylotype I comprised both biovars 3 and 4 strains. On the other hand, phylotype IV included biovar N2 strains. None of the strains belonged to phylotype II or III or biovar 1 or 2. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA fingerprints and endoglucanase gene sequences clarified the genetic diversity of the Japanese potato strains and the close genetic relationship between the Japanese strains and the Asian strains in phylotypes I and IV. PT: J; NR: 42; TC: 0; J9: J GEN PLANT PATHOL; PG: 12; GA: 605LM SPRINGER TOKYO TOKYO; 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN 1345-2630 [Horita, Mitsuo] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Suga, Yasuhiro] Nagasaki Agr & Forestry Tech Dev Ctr, Nagasaki 8560021, Japan. [Ooshiro, Atsushi] Okinawa Prefectural Agr Res Ctr, Okinawa 9050012, Japan. [Tsuchiya, Kenichi] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.; Horita, M, Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan.; mhorita@affrc.go.jp 000278349100004 English Article 10.1007/s10327-010-0229-2 Journal Article Hsu,S. T.;Chang,M. L. Effect of soil amendments on survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Protection Bulletin Plant Prot. Bull. 1989 31 21 33 Journal Article Hsu,S. T.;Hong,W. F.;Tzeng,K. C.;Chen,C. C. Bacterial Wilt of Perilla Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum and its Transmission Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1993 JUL 77 7 674 677 PT: J 0191-2917 A1993LM89000004 Journal Article Hu,F. P.;Young,J. M. Biocidal activity in plant pathogenic Acidovorax, Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, Ralstonia and Xanthomonas spp. Journal of applied microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 1998 FEB 84 2 263 271 PT: J 1364-5072 000072677000017 Journal Article Hu,Jian;Barlet,Xavier;Deslandes,Laurent;Hirsch,Judith;Feng,Dong Xin;Somssich,Imre;Marco,Yves Transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis thaliana during wilt disease caused by the soil-borne phytopathogenic bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum Plos One PLoS One 2008 JUL 2 3 7 e2589 e2589 Bacterial wilt is a common disease that causes severe yield and quality losses in many plants. In the present study, we used the model Ralstonia solanacearum-Arabidopsis thaliana pathosystem to study transcriptional changes associated with wilt disease development. Susceptible Col-5 plants and RRS1-R-containing resistant Nd-1 plants were root-inoculated with R. solanacearum strains harbouring or lacking the matching PopP2 avirulence gene. Gene expression was marginally affected in leaves during the early stages of infection. Major changes in transcript levels took place between 4 and 5 days after pathogen inoculation, at the onset of appearance of wilt symptoms. Up-regulated genes in diseased plants included ABA-, senescence- and basal resistance-associated genes. The influence of the plant genetic background on disease-associated gene expression is weak although some genes appeared to be specifically up-regulated in Nd-1 plants. Inactivation of some disease-associated genes led to alterations in the plant responses to a virulent strain of the pathogen. In contrast to other pathosystems, very little overlap in gene expression was detected between the early phases of the resistance response and the late stages of disease development. This observation may be explained by the fact that above-ground tissues were sampled for profiling whereas the bacteria were applied to root tissues. This exhaustive analysis of Arabidopsis genes whose expression is modulated during bacterial wilt development paves the way for dissecting plant networks activated by recognition of R. solanacearum effectors in susceptible plants. PT: J; NR: 45; TC: 5; J9: PLOS ONE; PG: 10; GA: 406IM PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE SAN FRANCISCO; 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA 1932-6203 Hu, J, INRA, CNRS, UMR 2594 441, LIPM, Castanet Tolosan, France.; yves.marco@toulouse.inra.fr 000263288200048 English Article 10.1371/journal.pone.0002589 Journal Article Huang,J.;Wu,J.;Li,C.;Xiao,C.;Wang,G. Specific and sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil with quantitative, real-time PCR assays Journal of applied microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 2009 NOV 107 5 1729 1739 detection;Ralstonia solanacearum;real-time PCR;soil;POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION;BLOOD-DISEASE BACTERIUM;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;POTATO-TUBERS;BURKHOLDERIA SOLANACEARUM;CAUSATIVE AGENT;DNA EXTRACTION;BROWN-ROT;RT-PCR;QUANTIFICATION;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Microbiology Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and an effective method suitable for large-scale detection and quantification of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil. Methods and Results: Based on the specific sequence of R. solanacearum strain G1000, the primer pair R.sol1-R.sol2 and the TaqMan probe Rs-pro were designed, and specific and sensitive PCR detection methods were successfully established. The detection limit was 100 fg mu l-1 DNA in conventional PCR and 1 center dot 2 fg mu l-1 in real-time PCR. By combining real-time PCR with the modified protocols to extract DNA from soil, it was possible to achieve real-time detection of R. solanacearum in soil, and the degree of sensitivity was 100 fg mu l-1. To detect inhibition in soil samples, an exogenous internal positive control (IPC) was included preventing false negative results, and IPC was successfully amplified from all samples tested. The methodology developed was used to detect the presence of R. solanacearum in tobacco fields in China. Conclusions: The real-time PCR combined with the protocol to extract DNA from soil led to the development of a specific, sensitive and rapid detection method for R. solanacearum in soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: The real-time PCR improves the detection sensitivity and specificity and provides an important tool for routine detection of R. solanacearum in soil samples and for epidemiological and ecological studies. PT: J; NR: 64; TC: 0; J9: J APPL MICROBIOL; PG: 11; GA: 504ZV WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 1364-5072 [Huang, J.; Wu, J.; Wang, G.] Chongqing Univ, Coll Biol Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. [Li, C.] Chonqing Tobacco Corp, China Natl Tobacco Corp, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Xiao, C.] Southwest Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Huang, J, Chongqing Univ, Coll Biol Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.; Huang_junli@126.com 000270658100035 English Article 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04364.x Journal Article Huang,Q.;Allen,C. Polygalacturonases are required for rapid colonization and full virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2000 57 77 83 Journal Article Huang,J. Z.;Yindeeyoungyeon,W.;Garg,R. P.;Denny,T. P.;Schell,M. A. Joint transcriptional control of xpsR, the unusual signal integrator of the Ralstonia solanacearum virulence gene regulatory network, by a response regulator and a LysR-type transcriptional activator Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1998 MAY 180 10 2736 2743 PT: J 0021-9193 000073484600022 Journal Article Huang,Q.;Allen,C. An exo-poly-alpha-D-galacturonosidase, PehB, is required for wild-type virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1997 DEC 179 23 7369 7378 PT: J 0021-9193 A1997YJ68200021 Journal Article Hussain,A.;Kelman,A. The role of pectic and cellulolytic enzymes in pathogenesis by Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1958 48 377 386 Journal Article Hussain,M. Z.;Rahman,M. A.;Bashar,M. A. Screening of brinjal accessions for bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Bangladesh Journal of Botany Bangladesh J. Bot. 2005 JUN 34 1 55 58 PT: J 0253-5416 000230536700013 Journal Article Ilagan,Y. A.;Lavina,W. A.;Natural,M. P.;Raymundo,A. K. Genetic homogeneity of the banana-infecting strains of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. in the Philippines Philippine Agricultural Scientist 2003 DEC 86 4 394 402 PT: J 0031-7454 000187884000007 Journal Article Imazaki,Iori;Nakaho,Kazuhiro Pyruvate-amended modified SMSA medium: improved sensitivity for detection of Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2010 FEB 76 1 52 61 Ralstonia solanacearum;Modified SMSA medium;Detection sensitivity;BUT-NONCULTURABLE STATE;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BACTERIAL WILT;AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS;VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS;HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE;ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA;WATER MICROCOSMS;PHYLOTYPE-II;SURVIVAL;Plant Sciences The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is induced in the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum under prolonged environmental stress. These VBNC cells lose their ability to grow on standard media such as CPG agar, but some of the cells can recover this ability on media supplemented with sodium pyruvate (SP), that degrades hydrogen peroxide. Recently, we suggested that some of the cells in the low-temperature-induced SP-recoverable VBNC state regained their ability to grow on CPG agar after exposure to moderate temperature. These revived cells also retained their virulence on tomato. Although R. solanacearum is detectable on semiselective media, VBNC cells are not detectable on any known semiselective media for the pathogen. To create a suitable medium to detect VBNC cells, we therefore added various compounds that can either degrade hydrogen peroxide or serve an antioxidant function in a semiselective medium, modified SMSA. SP at 5 g/l most improved the sensitivity of R. solanacearum detection. Furthermore, counts on modified SMSA plates for R. solanacearum that had been added to field soil also increased after the addition of 5 g/l SP. SP thus improved the medium's sensitivity for the detection of R. solanacearum by rescuing a portion of the VBNC cells. PT: J; NR: 46; TC: 0; J9: J GEN PLANT PATHOL; PG: 10; GA: 548PX SPRINGER TOKYO TOKYO; 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN 1345-2630 [Imazaki, Iori; Nakaho, Kazuhiro] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan.; Imazaki, I, Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan.; iiori@affrc.go.jp 000273979800007 English Article 10.1007/s10327-009-0208-7 Journal Article Irikiin,Y.;Nishiyama,M.;Otsuka,S.;Senoo,K. Rhizobacterial community-level, sole carbon source utilization pattern affects the delay in the bacterial wilt of tomato grown in rhizobacterial community model system Applied Soil Ecology Appl. Soil. Ecol. 2006 NOV 34 1 27 32 PT: J 0929-1393 000240932600004 Journal Article Ishida,H.;Nakamura,K. Trichloroethylene degradation by Ralstonia sp KN1-10A constitutively expressing phenol hydroxylase: Transformation products, NADH limitation, and product toxicity Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2000 MAY 89 5 438 445 PT: J 1389-1723 000088125900007 Journal Article Islam,T. M. D.;Toyota,K. Effect of moisture conditions and pre-incubation at low temperature on bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Microbes and Environments Microbes Environ. 2004 19 3 244 247 Journal Article Ito,S.;Ushijima,Y.;Fujii,T.;Tanaka,S.;Kameya-Iwaki,M.;Yoshiwara,S.;Kishi,F. Detection of viable cells of Ralstonia solanacerum in soil using a semiselective medium and a PCR technique Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1998 146 379 384 Journal Article Ivey,M. L. L.;McSpadden Gardener,B. B.;Opina,N.;Miller,S. A. Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting eggplant in the Philippines Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 97 1467 1475 Journal Article Iwaki,T.;Kayano,H.;Tsugane,T.;Shibata,D.;Ohta,D.;Wadano,A. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies on the events during Ralstonia solanacearum infection on solanacea plants Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 48 S248 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0032-0781 000245922701471 Journal Article Iwaki,T.;Morimoto,J.;Tsugane,T.;Shibata,D.;Ohta,D.;Wadano,A. Profiling of tobacco gene-expression during Ralstonia solanacearum infection using DNA macro-array analysis Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 46 S140 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0032-0781 000228104101063 Journal Article Iwaki,T.;Tugane,T.;Shibata,D.;Ohta,D.;Wadano,A. Gene expression profiling in solanaceae during Ralstonia solanacearum infection using DNA macro-array analysis Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 2006 47 S217 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0032-0781 000236401401356 Journal Article Jackson,M. T.;Gonzalez,L. C. Persistence of Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1) in a naturally infested soil in Costa Rica Phytopathology Phytopathology 1981 71 690 693 Journal Article Jacobs,J. M.;Meng,F.;Allen,C. Identifying differences in gene expression between Race 1 and Race 3 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum during bacterial wilt disease development at warm and cool temperatures Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S73 The plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum elicits wilt disease on many hosts, causing significant losses for farmers worldwide. One group in this species complex, Race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), persists and causes disease at moderately cool temperatures, in contrast to tropical R. solanacearum strains. Genome sequences of R3bv2 strain UW551 and tropical Race 1 biovar 3 strain GMI1000 suggest about 10% of UW551 ORFs are not present in GMI1000; these may explain R3bv2’s temperate epidemiology. UW551 and GMI1000 behave similarly in vitro at cold (4C), cool (20C) and warm (29C) temperatures, but UW551 is nevertheless much more virulent on tomato plants at 20C than GMI1000. This result suggests that we must study UW551 gene expression in planta to understand how it causes wilt disease at cooler temperatures. These phenotypic observations and the genomic differences between strains will frame a comparative gene expression analysis of GMI1000 and UW551 during infection of tomato plants at 20C and 29C. We therefore designed microarrays representing the GMI1000 and UW551 genomes and developed methods for extracting quality bacterial RNA from infected tomato plants. This powerful four-way comparison of two different strains and temperatures should suggest the molecular mechanisms that govern R3bv2 cold tolerance. Journal Article Jagadeesh,K. S.;Kulkarni,J. H.;Krishnaraj,P. U. Evaluation of the role of fluorescent siderophore in the biological control of bacterial wilt in tomato using Tn(5) mutants of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. Current science Curr. Sci. 2001 OCT 25 81 8 882 883 PT: J 0011-3891 000171887700012 Journal Article Jahr,H.;Dreier,J.;Meletzus,D.;Bahro,R.;Eichenlaub,R. The endo-beta-1,4-glucanase CelA of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis is a pathogenicity determinant required for induction of bacterial wilt of tomato Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2000 JUL 13 7 703 714 PT: J 0894-0282 000087635600001 Journal Article James,D.;Girija,D.;Mathew,S. K.;Nazeem,P. A.;Babu,T. D.;Sukumara Varma,A. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 causing bacterial wilt of solanaceous plants in Kerala, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis Journal of Tropical Agriculture J. Trop. Agric. 2003 41 33 37 Conference Proceedings Janse,J. D. Experiences with the diagnosis and epidemiology of bacterial brown rot (Pseudomonas (Ralstonia) solanacearum biovar 2, race 3) in the Netherlands 1997 March, 25-27 4 Conference OEPP sur Ralstonia solanacearum/EPPO conference on Ralstonia solanacearum Verona, Italy Journal Article Janse,J. D. Potato brown rot in western Europe - history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1996 26 679 695 Journal Article Janse,J. D. New methods of diagnosis in plant pathology - perspectives and pitfalls Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1995 25 5 17 Journal Article Janse,J. D. Infra- and intraspecific classification of Pseudomonas solanacearum strains, using whole cell fatty acid analysis Systematic and Applied Microbiology Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1991 14 335 345 Journal Article Janse,J. D. A detection method for Pseudomonas solanacearum in symptomless potato tubers and some data on its sensitivity and specificity Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1988 18 343 351 Journal Article Janse,J. D.;Wenneker,M. Possibilities of avoidance and control of bacterial plant diseases when using pathogen-tested (certified) or -treated planting material Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2002 51 523 536 Book, Section Janse,J. D.;van den Beld,H. E.;Elphinstone,J.;Simpkins,S.;Tjou-Tam-Sin,L. N. A.;van Vaerenbergh,J. Introduction to Europe of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, race 3 in Pelargonium zonale cuttings from Kenya 2005 81 94 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS Press St-Paul, M. N. Journal Article Janse,J. D.;van den Beld,H. E.;Elphinstone,J.;Simpkins,S.;Tjou-Tam-Sin,N. N. A.;van Vaerenbergh,J. Introduction to Europe of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, race 3 in Pelargonium zonale cuttings Journal of Plant Pathology J. Plant Pathol. 2004 JUL 86 2 147 155 PT: J 1125-4653 000223048700007 Journal Article Jaunet,T. X.;Wang,J. F. Variation in genotype and aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 isolated from tomato in Taiwan Phytopathology Phytopathology 1999 89 320 327 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Morton,D. J. An epiphytotic of Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomatoes on newly-cleared klej sand in relation to potassium, calcium and magnesium levels Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1964 48 88 89 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Phatak,S. C.;Ghate,S. R.;Gitaitis,R. D. Solanum sucrense and Solanum tuberosum, bacterial wilt-tolerant potato germplasm HortScience HortScience 1984 19 321 313 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Phatak,S. C.;Ghate,S. R.;Gitaitis,R. D.;Widrlechner,M. P. GA 1565-2-4 BWT, GA 219-1-2 BWT, GA 1095-1-4 BWT, and GA 1405-1-2 BWT bacterial wilt-tolerant tomato HortScience HortScience 1987 22 324 325 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Webb,R. E.;Goth,R. W.;Phatak,S. C. Relative resistance of potato cultivars to bacterial wilt American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1980 57 159 165 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Webb,R. E.;Goth,R. W.;Phatak,S. C. Resistance of potato cultivars to bacterial wilt American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1979 56 467 Journal Article Jaworski,C. A.;Phatak,S. C.;Ghate,S. R.;Gitaitis,R. D. Bacterial-Wilt Tolerance in Potato HortScience HortScience 1983 18 4 600 600 PT: J 0018-5345 A1983RH46900318 Journal Article Jaynes,J. M.;Nagpala,P.;Destefanobeltran,L.;Huang,J. H.;Kim,J. H.;Denny,T.;Cetiner,S. Expression of a Cecropin-B Lytic Peptide Analog in Transgenic Tobacco Confers Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Plant Science 1993 89 1 43 53 PT: J 0168-9452 A1993KT92300006 Journal Article Jenkins,D. M.;Fares,S.;Song,C.;Alvarez,A.;Irvine,J. Disposable electrode system for direct detection of Ralstonia solanacearum DNA Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S51 S52 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000314 Journal Article Jenkins,S. F. Interaction of Pseudomonas-Solancearum and Meloidogyne-Incognita on Bacterial Wilt-Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1972 62 7 767 767 PT: J 0031-949X A1972N043800158 Journal Article Jeong,Y.;Kim,J.;Kang,Y.;Lee,S.;Hwang,I. Genetic diversity and distribution of Korean isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2007 OCT 91 10 1277 1287 PT: J 0191-2917 000249484400011 Journal Article Jeong,E. L.;Timmis,J. N. Novel insertion sequence elements associated with genetic heterogeneity and phenotype conversion in Ralstonia solanacearum (vol 182, pg 4673, 2000) Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2000 NOV 182 22 6541 6541 PT: J 0021-9193 000090111400037 Journal Article Ji,D.;Yi,Y.;Kang,G. H.;Choi,Y. H.;Kim,P.;Baek,N. I.;Kim,Y. Identification of an antimicrobial compound, benzylideneacetone, from Xenorhabdus nematophila against major plant-pathogenic bacteria FEMS Microbiology Letters FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2004 239 2 241 248 An entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, is known to have potent antibiotic activities to maintain monoxenic condition in its insect host for effective pathogenesis and ultimately for optimal development of its nematode symbiont, Steinernema carpocapsae. In this study we assess its antibacterial activity against plant-pathogenic bacteria and identify its unknown antibiotics. The bacterial culture broth had significant antibacterial activity that increased with development of the bacteria and reached its maximum at the stationary growth phase. The antibiotic activities were significant against five plant-pathogenic bacterial strains: Agrobacterium vitis, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, and Ralstonia solanacearum. The antibacterial factors were extracted with butanol and fractionated using column chromatography with the eluents of different hydrophobic intensities. Two active antibacterial subfractions were purified, and the higher active fraction was further fractionated and identified as a single compound of benzylideneacetone (trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one). With heat stability, the synthetic compound showed equivalent antibiotic activity and spectrum to the purified compound. This study reports a new antibiotic compound synthesized by X. nematophila, which is a monoterpenoid compound and active against some Gram-negative bacteria. Journal Article Ji,P.;Allen,C.;Sanchez-Perez,A.;Yao,J.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Jones,J. B.;Momol,M. T. New diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains associated with vegetable and ornamental crops in Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2007 91 2 195 203 Journal Article Ji,P.;Momol,M. T.;Olson,S. M.;Pradhanang,P. M.;Jones,J. B. Evaluation of thymol as biofumigant for control of bacterial wilt of tomato under field conditions Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2005 89 497 500 Journal Article Ji,P.;Momol,T.;Olson,S.;Meister,C.;Norman,D.;Jones,J. Evaluation of phosphorous acid-containing products for managing bacterial wilt of tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S52 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000316 Journal Article Ji,P. S.;Momol,M. T.;Rich,J. R.;Olson,S. M.;Jones,J. B. Development of an integrated approach for managing bacterial wilt and root-knot on tomato under field conditions Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2007 OCT 91 10 1321 1326 PT: J 0191-2917 000249484400017 Journal Article Jimenez,J. M.;Bustamante,E.;Bermudez,W.;Gamboa,A.;Ovalle,W. Response of Sweet Pepper Cultivars to Fungal and Bacterial Wilt in Costa-Rica Phytopathology Phytopathology 1988 JUN 78 6 857 857 PT: J 0031-949X A1988P382900060 Journal Article Jin,Q. L.;Liu,N. Z.;Qiu,J. L.;Li,D. B.;Wang,J. A truncated fragment of harpinPss induces systemic resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in rice Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1997 51 243 257 Journal Article Johnson,H. A.;Powell,N. T. Influence of root knot nematodes on bacterial wilt development in flue-cured tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1969 59 486 491 Journal Article Jones,R. M.;Britt-Compton,B.;Williams,P. A. The naphthalene catabolic (nag) genes of Ralstonia sp strain U2 are an operon that is regulated by NagR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2003 OCT 185 19 5847 5853 PT: J 0021-9193 000185493500022 Journal Article Kanda,A.;Ohnishi,K.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y. Implication of C-terminal mutation of PopA of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 in suppression of bacterial wilt Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 2009 58 1 159 169 Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 causes bacterial wilt on tobacco plants. The popA-mutant 31b, derived from OE1-1 by insertion of transposon Tn4431, did not cause wilt on tobacco plants inoculated through the roots. However, when 31b was directly inoculated into xylem vessels, the tobacco plants wilted, similarly to those inoculated with OE1-1. 31b retained its exopolysaccharide productivity and its type-III secretion function. Furthermore, 31b grew in intercellular spaces and systemically infected tobacco plants, similarly to OE1-1. popA consists of an operon with popB and popC, and suppression of popB and popC expression resulting from polar mutation by transposon insertion did not affect the virulence of 31b. The mutated popA (popA31b) was composed of 960 nucleotides, including 39 derived from Tn4431. A recombinant mutant from OE1-1, where popA31b was introduced by marker exchange, showed the same phenotype as 31b. PopA31b protein was extracellularly secreted by 31b co-cultured with Arabidopsis thaliana. These results suggest that PopA31b extracellularly secreted by 31b in intercellular spaces may be implicated in suppression of disease development, leading to inability of the bacteria to induce wilt on plants. Taken together, interactions between host plants and R. solanacearum existing in intercellular spaces immediately after invasion may be involved in disease development. Journal Article Kanda,A.;Tsuneishi,K.;Mori,A.;Ohnishi,K.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y. An amino acid substitution at position 740 in sigma(70) of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 affects its in planta growth Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008 Sep 2008 74 18 5841 5844 Growth of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 in roots after invasion is required for virulence. An Arg740Cys substitution in sigma(70) of OE1-1 resulted in loss of in planta growth and virulence. The negative dominance of mutant sigma(70) over the wild-type protein suggested that the amino acid substitution may affect the in planta growth of OE1-1, leading to a lack of virulence. Journal Article Kanda,A.;Yasukohchi,M.;Ohnishi,K.;Kiba,A.;Okuno,T.;Hikichi,Y. Ectopic expression of Ralstonia solanacearum effector protein PopA early in invasion results in loss of virulence Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2003 MAY 16 5 447 455 PT: J 0894-0282 000182387600011 Journal Article Kang,M. J.;Lee,M. H.;Shim,J. K.;Seo,S. T.;Shrestha,R.;Cho,M. S.;Hahn,J. H.;Park,D. S. PCR-based specific detection of Ralstonia solanacearum by amplification of cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007 NOV 17 11 1765 1771 PT: J 1017-7825 000251242500004 Journal Article Kang,Y. W.;Liu,H. L.;Genin,S.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Ralstonia solanacearum requires type 4 pili to adhere to multiple surfaces and for natural transformation and virulence Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2002 OCT 46 2 427 437 PT: J 0950-382X 000178861100011 Journal Article Kang,Y. W.;Saile,E.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Quantitative immunofluorescence of regulated eps gene expression in single cells of Ralstonia solanacearum Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999 JUN 65 6 2356 2362 PT: J 0099-2240 000080624300012 Journal Article Karganilla,A. D.;Buddenhagen,I. W. Development of a selective medium for Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1972 62 1372 1376 Journal Article Katawczik,M. L.;Mila,A. Characterization of population dynamics and diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum populations isolated from flue-cured tobacco in North Carolina Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S79 Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious vascular disease on members of the Solanaceae family including tobacco. In 2007 in North Carolina a total of six naturally infected fields with BW were sampled. On two of these fields, there were on-farm trials, where 30 flue-cured tobacco varieties were planted, and on four farms either K 326 or K 346 planted. Fifty-two isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum were obtained from flue-cured tobacco varieties K 326, K 346, K 394, and Sp168. From the four varieties, two (K 326 and K 394) have low whereas K 346 and Sp 168 have moderate to high resistance to BW. These varieties were chosen to determine if a certain variety selected for isolates of R. solanacearum with different levels of aggressiveness or pathogenicity. The sampling method also allowed for comparisons of isolates from the same variety between fields to investigate diversity among locations. Population dynamics and diversity were assessed by comparing race, biovar, pathogenicity, hypersensitivity response and rep-PCR fingerprints using BOX, REP, and ERIC primers. Information from this study will be used as a base to compare the diversity of R. solanacearum populations across North Carolina and to understand the variability within a single field when different varieties or a single variety are used. Journal Article Katayama,K. Ecology and control of Pseudomonas solanacearum infecting potatoes in the warm region of Japan ICPP ICPP 1988 2 1 15 Proceedings of ICPP Kyoto, Japan Journal Article Katayama,K.;Kimura,S. Prevalence and temperature requirements of biovar 2 and 4 strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from potato Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1984 50 476 482 Journal Article Katayama,K.;Kimura,S.;Hama,K. Influence of temperature on development of bacterial wilt on potato in fall cropping Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection in Kyushu Proc. Ass. Pl. Prot. Kyushu 1983 29 15 18 Journal Article Kawabata,N.;Kishimoto,H.;Abe,T.;Ikawa,T.;Yamanaka,K.;Ikeuchi,H.;Kakimoto,C. Control of tomato bacterial wilt without disinfection using a new functional polymer that captures microbial cells alive on the surface and is highly biodegradable Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2005 FEB 69 2 326 333 PT: J 0916-8451 000227415000011 Journal Article Kawabata,N.;Sakakura,W.;Nishimura,Y. Static suppression of tomato bacterial wilt by bacterial coagulation using a new functional polymer that coagulates bacterial cells and is highly biodegradable Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2005 MAR 69 3 537 543 PT: J 0916-8451 000228314900015 Journal Article Kawamura,Yoko;Hase,Shu;Takenaka,Shigehito;Kanayama,Yoshinori;Yoshioka,Hirofumi;Kamoun,Sophien;Takahashi,Hideki INF1 elicitin activates jasmonic acid- and ethylene-mediated signalling pathways and induces resistance to bacterial wilt disease in tomato Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2009 MAY 157 5 287 297 elicitin;ethylene;induced resistance;jasmonic acid;Ralstonia solanacearum;SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE;PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS;MYCOPARASITE PYTHIUM-OLIGANDRUM;HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE;NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA;CELL-DEATH;NONHOST RESISTANCE;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;PROTEINACEOUS ELICITOR;DEFENSE RESPONSES;Plant Sciences Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato and tomato late blight disease, produces INF1 elicitin, a 10 kDa extracellular protein. INF1 induces a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance in species of the Nicotiana genus and a few other genera. We analysed the response of tomato to INF1 and INF1S3, which has a Cys to Ser substitution at position 3 of the processed protein and therefore lacks HR induction activity in tobacco. No HR cell death was induced in either INF1- or INF1S3-treated tomato leaves. The expression of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR-1a(P6) and PR-2a genes was not induced by treatment with either INF1 or INF1S3. However, the expression of jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive PR-6 encoding proteinase inhibitor II, LeATL6 encoding ubiquitin ligase E3, and LOX-E encoding lipoxygenase, was up-regulated in tomato leaves treated with INF1 but not in those treated with INF1S3. Their induction was completely compromised in INF1-treated jai1-1 mutant tomato, in which the JA signalling pathway is impaired. The accumulation of ethylene (ET) and the expression of ET-responsive genes were also induced in tomato by INF1 but not INF1S3 treatment. The activation of JA and ET-mediated signals but not the SA-mediated signalling in INF1-treated tomato was also demonstrated by global gene expression analysis. INF1-treated tomatoes, but not those treated with INF1S3, exhibited resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Thus, INF1 seems to induce resistance to bacterial wilt disease in tomato and activate JA- and ET-mediated signalling pathways without development of HR cell death. PT: J; NR: 52; TC: 0; J9: J PHYTOPATHOL; PG: 11; GA: 428XK WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0931-1785 [Kawamura, Yoko; Hase, Shu; Takahashi, Hideki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Dept Life Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. [Takenaka, Shigehito] Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Dept Upland Agr, Memuro, Hokkaido 0820071, Japan. [Kanayama, Yoshinori] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Dept Biol Resource Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. [Yoshioka, Hirofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Def Plant Pathogen Interact, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Kamoun, Sophien] John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England.; Takahashi, H, Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Dept Life Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan.; takahash@bios.tohoku.ac.jp 000264885200004 English Article 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01489.x Journal Article Kawasaki,T.;Nagata,S.;Fujiwara,A.;Satsuma,H.;Fujie,M.;Usami,S.;Yamada,T. Genomic characterization of the filamentous integrative Bacteriophages phi RSSI and phi RSMI, which infect Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2007 AUG 189 16 5792 5802 PT: J 0021-9193 000248584800002 Journal Article Kawasaki,T.;Satsuma,H.;Fujie,M.;Usami,S.;Yamada,T. Monitoring of phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum cells using green fluorescent protein-expressing plasmid derived from bacteriophage phi RSS1 Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2007 DEC 104 6 451 456 PT: J 1389-1723 000253209800003 Journal Article Kay,E.;Bertolla,F.;Vogel,T. M.;Simonet,P. Opportunistic colonization of Ralstonia solanacearum-infected plants by Acinetobacter sp and its natural competence development Microbial Ecology Microb. Ecol. 2002 APR 43 3 291 297 PT: J 0095-3628 000175841300001 Journal Article Kay,E.;Chabrillat,G.;Vogel,T. M.;Simonet,P. Intergeneric transfer of chromosomal and conjugative plasmid genes between Ralstonia solanacearum and Acinetobacter sp BD413 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2003 JAN 16 1 74 82 PT: J 0894-0282 000179860800008 Journal Article Keenan,B. G.;Leungsakul,T.;Smets,B. F.;Mori,M.;Henderson,D. E.;Wood,T. K. Protein engineering of the archetypal nitroarene dioxygenase of Ralstonia sp strain U2 for activity on aminonitrotoluenes and dinitrotoluenes through alpha-subunit residues leucine 225, phenylalanine 350, and glycine 407 Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2005 MAY 187 10 3302 3310 PT: J 0021-9193 000228916800003 Journal Article Kelman,A. The relationship of pathogenicity of Pseudomonas solanacearum to colony appearance in a tetrazolium medium Phytopathology Phytopathology 1954 44 693 695 Journal Article Kelman,A.;Person,L. H. Strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum differing in pathogenecity to tobacco and peanut Phytopathology Phytopathology 1961 51 158 161 Journal Article Kelman,A.;Sequeira,L. Root-to-root spread of Pseudomonas solanacearum 1965 55 304 309 Journal Article Kelman,A. Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Development of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato and Tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1950 40 1 14 14 PT: J 0031-949X A1950UP19100056 Journal Article Kempe,J.;Sequeira,L. Biological control of bacterial wilt of potatoes: attempts to induce resistance by treating tubers with bacteria Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1983 67 499 503 Journal Article Keshwal,R. L. Note on a New Bacterial Wilt of Dolichos-Lablab L Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1976 46 7 349 350 PT: J 0019-5022 A1976CL97100012 Journal Article Khan,A. A.;Furuya,N.;Matsumoto,M.;Matsuyama,N. Identification of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from wilted tobacco plant by fatty acid profiles and PCR-RFLP analysis Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1999 NOV 44 1-2 59 65 PT: J 0023-6152 000084008500008 Journal Article Khan,A. A.;Matsuyama,N. A rapid extraction - TLC method for differentiation of Burkholderia spp., Ralstonia solanacearum, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and Pseudomonas syringae pathovars Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1999 NOV 44 1-2 49 58 PT: J 0023-6152 000084008500007 Journal Article Khoodoo,M. H. R.;Ganoo,E. S.;Saumtally,S. First report of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2A infecting potato and weeds in Mauritius Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2007 SEP 91 9 1200 PT: J 0191-2917 000248999900028 Journal Article Kiba,A.;Tomiyama,H.;Takahashi,H.;Hamada,H.;Ohnishi,K.;Okuno,T.;Hikichi,Y. Induction of resistance and expression of defense-related genes in tobacco leaves infiltrated with Ralstonia solanacearum Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 2003 MAR 44 3 287 295 PT: J 0032-0781 000181930000008 Journal Article Kim,D. H.;Misaghi,I. J. Biocontrol performance of two isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens in modified soil atmospheres Phytopathology Phytopathology 1996 86 1238 1241 Journal Article Kim,J.;Kim,J. G.;Park,B. K.;Choi,O.;Park,C. S.;Hwang,I. Identification of genes for biosynthesis of antibacterial compound from Pseudomonas fluorescens B16, and its activity against Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2003 APR 13 2 292 300 PT: J 1017-7825 000182562400020 Journal Article Kim-Lee,H. Y.;Moon,J. S.;Hong,Y. J.;Kim,M. S.;Cho,H. M. Bacterial wilt resistance in the progenies of the fusion hybrids between haploid of potato and Solanum commersonii American Journal of Potato Research Am. J. Potato Res. 2005 MAR-APR 82 2 129 137 PT: J 1099-209X 000228716600004 Book, Section Kinkel,L. Soil health: managing the soil microflora to enhance potato health 2007 11 14 Johnson,D. A. Potato health management Second APS Press St. Paul, M.N. Journal Article Kino,K.;Nakazawa,Y.;Yagasaki,M. Dipeptide synthesis by L-amino acid ligase from Ralstonia solanacearum Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008 371 3 536 540 Despite its utility dipeptides have not been widely used due to the absence of an efficient manufacturing method. Recently, a novel method for effective production of dipeptides using L-amino acid alpha-ligase (Lal) is presented. Lal, which is only identified in Bacillus subtilis, catalyzes dipeptide synthesis from unprotected amino acids in an ATP-dependent manner. However, not all the dipeptide can be synthesized by Lal from B. subtilis (BsLal) due to its substrate specificity. Here, we attempted to find a novel Lal exhibiting different substrate specificity from BsLal. By in silica screening based on the amino acid sequence of BsLal, RSp1486a an unknown protein from Ralstonia solanacearum was found to show the Lal activity. RSp1486a exhibited different substrate specificity from BsLal, and preferably synthesized hetero-dipeptides where more bulky amino acid was placed at N terminus and less bulky amino acid was placed at C terminus in opposition to those synthesized by BsLal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal Article Kishun,R.;Sohi,H. S. Vertical distribution of Pseudomonas solanacearum in cultivated and fallow lands Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie Zbl. Mikrobiol. 1982 137 643 645 Journal Article Kloepper,J. W. Effect of seed piece inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on populations of Erwinia carotovora on potato roots and in daughter tubers Phytopathology Phytopathology 1983 73 2 217 219 Journal Article Klopmeyer,M. Case study 1: Ralstonia solanacearum on geranium. Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S136 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470001238 Journal Article Kocks,C. G.;Russien,M. A.;Zadocks,J. C.;Duijkers,M. G. Survival and extinction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in soil European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1998 104 911 923 Conference Proceedings Kokalis-Burelle,N.;Fuentes-Borquez,P.;Adams,P. Effects of reduced risk alternatives on nematode populations and crop yield 2000 66.1 66.2 Proceedings of annual international conference on methyl bromide alternatives and emmissions reduction Journal Article Kong,P.;Hong,C.;Jeffers,S. N.;Richardson,P. A. A species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid dectection of Phytopthora nicotianae in irrigation water Phytopathology Phytopathology 2003 93 7 822 831 Journal Article Kostlanova,N.;Mitchell,E. P.;Lortat-Jacob,H.;Oscarson,S.;Lahmann,M.;Gilboa-Garber,N.;Chambat,G.;Wimmerova,M.;Imberty,A. The fucose-binding lectin from Ralstonia solanacearum - A new type of beta-propeller architecture formed by oligomerization and interacting with fucoside, fucosyllactose, and plant xyloglucan Journal of Biological Chemistry J. Biol. Chem. 2005 JUL 29 280 30 27839 27849 PT: J 0021-9258 000230678600045 Journal Article Kozdroj,J.;Trevors,J. T.;van Elsas,J. D. Influence of introduced potential biocontrol agents on maize seedling growth and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 2004 36 11 1775 1784 Two species of Pseudomonas chromosomally tagged with gfp, which had shown antagonistic activity against the tomato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in a previous study, were assessed for their impact in the rhizosphere of maize. Plant growth characteristics, numbers of indigenous heterotrophic bacteria, changes in the bacterial community structure according to the r/K strategy concept, and shifts in MIDI-FAME profiles of culturable bacterial fractions as well as total rhizosphere microbial communities were determined in relation to seed and soil treatment with the exogenous pseudomonads. The maize rhizosphere proved to be a suitable habitat for the introduced P. chlororaphis IDV1 and P. putida RA2, which showed good survival after introduction. However, both inoculants showed a small growth-reducing effect towards maize, which might have been caused by the high densities of inoculants used (i.e. competition for nutrients and action of metabolites produced) and/or changes in microbial community structure (both culturable bacterial fraction and the total microflora). Probably, an altered balance among the indigenous maize rhizosphere populations occurred. Thus, the culturable bacteria, as well as the total microflora in the rhizosphere, changed in response to the introduced pseudomonads, and their development was dependent on the growth stage of the plant. The FAME analyses showed that these microbial communities comprised different populations, and were separated according to, first, the method used (direct versus cultivation-based), second, sampling time, and, finally, inoculation level. Journal Article Kratky,B. A.;Ko,W. H. Virgin-Soil Technique for Controlling Bacterial Wilt of Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1974 58 1 86 87 PT: J 0032-0811 A1974S428800028 Journal Article Krause,Willian;Rodrigues,Rosana;Azeredo Goncalves,Leandro Simoes;Bezerra Neto,Francisco Valdevino;Leal,Nilton Rocha Genetic divergence in snap bean based on agronomic traits and resistance to bacterial wilt Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology Crop. Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 2009 SEP 9 3 246 252 Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens;Phaseolus vulgaris L.;genetic resistance;germplasm;pseudo F and pseudo t(2) statistics;Agronomy;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology The objectives of this research were to estimate the genetic divergence among genotypes of bush snap beam with based on morphoagronomic descriptors and evaluation of resistance to bacterial wilt; to determine the relative importance of the distinguishing traits of genotypes and to indicate potential parents to establish a snap bean breeding program for resistance to bacterial wilt. Two experiments were conducted, the first in the field and the second in a greenhouse, both with 15 genotypes in a randomized block design with three replications. Seven traits were studied in the field experiment: days to flowering: day's to harvest; mean pod length: number of pods; number of pods per plant; total pod weight and number of seeds per pod. lit the greenhouse, the reaction of bacterial wilt was assessed based on two variables, one based on a descriptive grade scale and the other based on the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). For the evaluation of genotype resistance to bacterial wilt the isolate Feij - 2634 of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens was inoculated. The statistics of pseudo t(2) indicated the formation of four groups by the UPGMA method, the same number of groups as indicated by the use of canonical variables. The traits that contributed most to genetic divergence were days to harvest, pod length, pod diameter and AUDPC. PT: J; NR: 21; TC: 0; J9: CROP BREED APPL BIOTECHNOL; PG: 7; GA: 520NJ BRAZILIAN SOC PLANT BREEDING VICOSA-MG; UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA, VICOSA-MG, 36 571-000, BRAZIL 1518-7853 [Krause, Willian] Univ Estado Mato Grosso UNEMAT, Dept Agron, Lab Melhoramento Plantas & Sementes, BR-78300000 Tangara Da Serra, MT, Brazil. [Rodrigues, Rosana; Azeredo Goncalves, Leandro Simoes; Bezerra Neto, Francisco Valdevino; Leal, Nilton Rocha] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, UENF CCTA LMGV, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.; Krause, W, Univ Estado Mato Grosso UNEMAT, Dept Agron, Lab Melhoramento Plantas & Sementes, Rod MT 358, BR-78300000 Tangara Da Serra, MT, Brazil.; krause@unemat.br 000271851400006 English Article Journal Article Krausz,J. P.;Thurston,H. D. Breakdown of resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1975 65 1272 1274 Journal Article Kubota,R.;Alvarez,A. M.;Vine,B. G.;Jenkins,D. M. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) for detection of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S60 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000368 Journal Article Kubota,R.;Paret,M. L.;Alvarez,A. M.;Jenkins,D. M. Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) for detection of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in environmental samples Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S85 DNA-based detection methods can provide improved specificity and sensitivity compared to serological methods. However, these methods remain impractical for most field applications due to difficulties in concentrating the organism from the environmental samples and ensuring that enough DNA is available for detection. Isothermal DNA amplification techniques, such as Loop-mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP), might be suitable for rapid field detection because of its ability to amplify DNA with high specificity, efficiency, and speed without thermal cyclers. The objective of this research was to develop a rapid detection method for Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) in environmental samples. To demonstrate the application of LAMP in environmental samples, edible ginger plants (Zingiber officinale) were infected with Rs, and effluent water samples were collected from daily irrigation water. A simple filtration technique was applied to concentrate bacteria, followed by a species-specific LAMP and pathogen presence was visually determined as the precipitation of an insoluble pyrophosphate by-product of amplification, which increased the turbidity of the solution. The detection limit of the direct LAMP assay was between 10(^3) – 10(^5) CFU/ml, which is the same as PCR and more sensitive than ELISA. LAMP shows promise for not only rapid detection but also for discrimination of closely related sub population of Rs in soil and water. Journal Article Kubota,R.;Vine,B. G.;Alvarez,A. M.;Jenkins,D. M. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum by loop-mediated isothermal amplification Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 Sep 2008 98 9 1045 1051 Ralstonia solanacearum is a pathogenic bacterium that causes wilt in over 200 plant species. Here we report a rapid and sensitive detection of R. solanacearum using an isothermal method for copying DNA known as loop-mediated amplification (LAMP). A set of four primers was designed to replicate the gene coding for the flagellar subunit, fliC, and conditions for detection were optimized to complete in 60 min at 65 degrees C. Magnesium pyrophosphate resulting from the amplification reaction could be detected optically as an increase in the solution turbidity, and the DNA products spread in a reproducible ladder-like banding pattern after electrophoresis in an agarose gel. Replication of the fliC gene was detected only from R. solanacearum. The detection limit of this LAMP assay was between 104 to 106 colony forming units/ml, and the technique may be useful for developing rapid and sensitive detection methods for the R. solanacearum pathogen in soil and water. Report Kucharek,T. Bacterial wilt of row crops in Florida 1998 Sept. Cir 1207 9 University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Florida, U. S. Journal Article Kue,J. Concepts and direction of induced systemic resistance in plants and its application European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 107 7 12 Journal Article Kumar,A.;Sarma,Y. R.;Anandaraj,M. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of ginger using REP-PCR and PCR-RFLP Current science Curr. Sci. 2004 DEC 10 87 11 1555 1561 PT: J 0011-3891 000225898000021 Journal Article Kumar,S. M. Effect of some Cultural Practices on Incidence of Bacterial Wilt of Potato (Solanum-Tuberosum-L) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1970 40 10 854 & PT: J 0019-5022 A1970H753500002 Journal Article Kurosawa,Nami;Hirata,Tomoko;Suzuki,Haruo Characterization of putative tryptophan monooxygenase from Ralstonia solanasearum Journal of Biochemistry J. Biochem. 2009 JUL 146 1 23 32 flavoproteins;proteolytic activation;tryptophan monooxygenase;steady-state kinetics;stoichiometry of reaction;L-PHENYLALANINE OXIDASE;PSEUDOMONAS SP P-501;2-MONOOXYGENASE;SOLANACEARUM;PURIFICATION;ACID;IDENTIFICATION;SAVASTANOI;EXPRESSION;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The amino-acid sequence of a putative tryptophan monooxygenase (PTMO) from Ralstonia solanacearum is homologous with that of proenzyme (proPAO) of l-Phe oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating) (PAO) from Pseudomonas sp. P-501 in their overall sequences. PTMO was expressed in E. coli and purified, but had no catalytic activity to oxidize l-Phe. By treating PTMO with various proteases, the Pronase-treated PTMO (PTMOp) showed a relatively high activity to oxidize l-Phe, l-Trp, l-Tyr and l-Met. Studies on the stoichiometry of the reaction showed that l-Phe and l-Tyr were mostly oxygenated, that l-Met was mostly oxidized, and both oxygenation and oxidation of l-Trp was observed. Initial velocity patterns were a ping-pong type with l-Phe and l-Tyr, and a sequential type with l-Trp and l-Met as substrate. The spectrum of enzymes with sufficient amounts of these substrates to reduce the enzyme showed a long wavelength species (purple complex) with l-Phe, but not with l-Tyr, l-Trp and l-Met. These results lead to the conclusion that PTMO and PTMOp belong to proPAO and PAO, respectively. PT: J; NR: 24; TC: 0; J9: J BIOCHEM; PG: 10; GA: 469IF OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD; GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND 0021-924X [Kurosawa, Nami; Suzuki, Haruo] Kitasato Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biosci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan. [Hirata, Tomoko; Suzuki, Haruo] Kitasato Univ, Grad Sch Fundamental Life Sci, Div Biosci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan.; Suzuki, H, Kitasato Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biosci, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan.; suzukih@kitasato-u.ac.jp 000267889000005 English Article 10.1093/jb/mvp040 Journal Article Kutin,K.;Borthakur,D.;Alvarez,A. M.;Jenkins,D. M. Bacteriophage-mediated detection of Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S85 This project aimed to exploit bacteria-bacteriophage interactions for the development of sensitive techniques for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum. We coupled the rapid self-replicating ability of bacteriophages with quantitative PCR (q-PCR) in an indirect assay for R. solanacearum. We are also exploring the possibility of using phage lytic enzymes for the selective disruption of bacterial cell membrane for further analysis of cell contents. Six R. solanacearum selective bacteriophages (ISO_2, M_DS1, M_DL, S3_S, S6_S1 and S5_5) were isolated from farms on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. These were tested for their generation times and their fecundities. Based these criteria, phage M_DS1 was selected as the optimal candidate for the indirect detection of R. solanacearum. A combination of phage amplification and q-PCR resulted in a detection limit of 2.3 CFU/ml R. solanacearum after incubation for an hour with 1.9 × 106 PFU/ml M_DS1 particles. The sensitivity of the approach is being tested further with drainage water collected from pots growing ginger infected with R. solanacearum. The lysis gene of phage M_DS1 has been isolated and expressed as a 18 KD protein and efforts are under way to evaluate its lytic activity against R. solanacearum and its effect on standard methods of gene replication and detection. Journal Article Kutin,R.;Borthakur,D.;Alvarez,A.;Jenkins,D. Bacteriophage mediated detection of Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S60 S61 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000370 Journal Article Kutin,R. K.;Alvarez,A.;Jenkins,D. M. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in natural substrates using phage amplification integrated with real-time PCR assay Journal of Microbiological Methods J. Microbiol. Meth. 2009 Mar 2009 76 3 241 246 A sensitive, selective, and rapid protocol for detecting Ralstonia solanacearum from soil and plant tissues was developed based on the integration of the rapid self-replicating ability of bacteriophages with quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Six bacteriophages were isolated and selected for their ability to specifically infect and lyse R. solanacearum. Sixty-three strains of R. solanacearum and 72 isolates of other bacterial species were tested for their susceptibility to the bacteriophages. Based on the large host range and observed replication speed and reproductive burst sizes in ginger infecting R. solanacearum strain GW-1, phage M_DS1 was selected for the development of the phage-based indirect assay. With primers based on the phage genome, the protocol was used to detect R. solanacearum from a number of substrates. In pure R. solanacearum cultures, the protocol consistently detected approximately 3.3 CFU/ml after an hour's incubation with 5.3 x 10(2) PFU/ml M_DS1. We used the protocol to confirm the presence of the pathogen in infected potted ginger plants, detecting levels near 10(2) CFU/g in 0.1 g of leaf tissue and levels near 10(3) CFU/ml in drainage water from the pots. In soils emended with the bacteria, we observed detection limits down to approximately 10(2) CFU/g. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Journal Article Kuun,K. G.;Okole,B.;Bornman,L. Protection of phenylpropanoid metabolism by prior heat treatment in Lycopersicon esculentum exposed to Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2001 OCT 39 10 871 880 PT: J 0981-9428 000171689200007 Journal Article Laferriere,L. T.;Helgeson,J. P.;Allen,C. Fertile Solanum tuberosum + S. commersonii somatic hybrids as sources of resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Theoretical and Applied Genetics Theor. Appl. genet. 1999 98 1272 1278 Journal Article Lafortune,D.;Beramis,M.;Daubeze,A. M.;Boissot,N.;Palloix,A. Partial resistance of pepper to bacterial wilt is oligogenic and stable under tropical conditions Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2005 MAY 89 5 501 506 PT: J 0191-2917 000228593600012 Journal Article Lahaye,T. Illuminating the molecular basis of gene-for-gene resistance; Arabidopsis thaliana RRS1-R and its interaction with Ralstonia solanacearum popP2 Trends in Plant Science Trends Plant Sci. 2004 JAN 9 1 1 4 PT: J 1360-1385 000188757600001 Journal Article Lakshman,D.;Huang,Q. Clove oil as an effective biopesticide to control Ralstonia and other bacterial plant pathogens Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S61 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000371 Conference Proceedings Lallmahomed,G. M.;Ricaud,C. Root versus stem inoculation in pathogenecity tests and in the assessment of resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco and tomato 1978 2 857 862 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Angers, France INRA Angers, France Journal Article Lamb, E. and Rosskopf, E. The potential for use of biologically-based disease management products in Florida vegetable production Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 2001 114 263 265 Journal Article Lambert,C. D. Agricultural bioterrorism protection act of 2002: possession, use, and transfer of biological; agents and toxins; interim and final rule. (7 CFR Part 331) Federal Register 2002 67 76908 76938 Journal Article Latour,X.;Philippot,L.;Corberand,T.;Lemanceau,P. The establishment of an introduced community of fluorescent pseudomonads in the soil and in the rhizosphere is affected by the soil type FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1999 30 163 170 Journal Article Lavie,M.;Seunes,B.;Prior,P.;Boucher,C. Distribution and sequence analysis of a family of type III-dependent effectors correlate with the phylogeny of Ralstonia solanacearum strains Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2004 AUG 17 8 931 940 PT: J 0894-0282 000222731200012 Journal Article Lavie,M.;Shillington,E.;Eguiluz,C.;Grimsley,N.;Boucher,C. PopP1, a new member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family of type III effector proteins, acts as a host-specificity factor and modulates aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2002 OCT 15 10 1058 1068 PT: J 0894-0282 000178436000010 Journal Article Lee,I. M.;Bartoszyk,I. M.;Gundersen,D. E.;Mogen,B.;Davis,R. E. Nested PCR for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997 63 7 2625 2630 Journal Article Lee,S. K.;Lee,S. B. Substrate utilization patterns during BTEX biodegradation by an o-xylene-degrading bacterium Ralstonia sp PHS1 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2002 DEC 12 6 909 915 PT: J 1017-7825 000180146800008 Journal Article Lee,T. J.;Coyne,D. P.;Clemente,T. E.;Mitra,A. Partial resistance to bacterial wilt in transgenic tomato plants expressing antibacterial lactoferrin gene Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 2002 MAR 127 2 158 164 PT: J 0003-1062 000173901200002 Journal Article Lee,Y. A.;Fan,S. C.;Chiu,L. Y.;Hsia,K. C. Isolation of an insertion sequence from Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 and its potential use for strain characterization and detection Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001 SEP 67 9 3943 3950 PT: J 0099-2240 000170747100024 Journal Article Lee,Y. A.;Wang,C. C. The design of specific primers for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil samples by polymerase chain reaction Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 2000 APR 41 2 121 128 PT: J 0006-8063 000086855700006 Journal Article Lemaga,B.;Kanzikwera,R.;Kakuhenzire,R.;Hakiza,J. J.;Manzi,G. The effect of crop rotation on bacterial wilt incidence and potato tuber yields African Crop Science Journal Afric. Crop Sci. J. 2001 9 257 266 Report Lemay,A.;Redlin,S.;Fowler,G.;Dirani,M. Pest data sheet: Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 2003 Feb., 12 USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Center for plant health science and technology. Plant epidemiology and risk analysis laboratory Raleigh, N. C. Journal Article Lemessa,F.;Zeller,W. Pathogenic characterisation of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from Ethiopia and influence of plant age on susceptibility of hosts against R. solanacearum Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection J. Plant Dis. prot. 2007 DEC 114 6 241 249 PT: J 1861-3829 000253064700001 Journal Article Lemessa,F.;Zeller,W. Screening rhizobacteria for biological control of Ralstonia solanacearum in Ethiopia Biological Control Biol. Control 2007 SEP 42 3 336 344 PT: J 1049-9644 000249257200010 Journal Article Lemessa,F.;Zeller,W. Isolation and characterisation of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Solanaceae crops in Ethiopia Journal of Basic Microbiology J. Basic Microbiol. 2007 FEB 47 1 40 49 PT: J 0233-111X 000244733100006 Journal Article Li,J.;Liu,H.;Guo,J. PopW of Ralstonia solanacearum, a harpin that can induce tobacco resistance to tobacco mosaic virus Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S89 Harpins, such as HrpN of Erwinia amylovora, are extracellular glycine-rich proteins that elicit the hypersensitive reaction (HR). We identified popW of Ralstonia solanacearum, which encodes a protein similar to known harpins in characteristics of being acidic, rich in glycine and serine, and lacks cysteine. When infiltrated into plants, PopW induced rapid tissue collapse, which required active plant metabolism. The HR-eliciting activity was heat stable and protease sensitive. Thus, we concluded that PopW is a harpin. It had region homologous to pectate lyases of a unique class, but no pectate lyase activity was detected. This suggested that PopW may be targeted to the plant cell wall, and it was confirmed by subcellular location with the green florescent protein. However, popW mutants retained the wild-type ability to elicit the HR in nonhosts and to cause disease in hosts. Meanwhile, the PopW purified from E. coli by heterogeneous expression induced tobacco resistance against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) by 100%. Expression level of the SAR marker gene PR-1 was obviously up-regulated after 12 hours PopW spraying tobacco leave. It was deduced that plant-signaling molecule salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in PopW induced tobacco resistance against TMV, so it was the SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR). PopW was a harpin of Ralstonia solanacearum and it provided an attractive tool for the improvement of disease control. Journal Article Li,S. M.;Hua,G. G.;Liu,H. X.;Guo,J. H. Analysis of defence enzymes induced by antagonistic bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain AR12 towards Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato Annals of Microbiology Ann. Microbiol. 2008 58 4 573 578 Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., is an economically important disease on tomato in many provinces of China. Antagonistic bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain AR12 was used to control bacteria wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) in the greenhouse. The biocontrol efficiency was as high as 90.18%. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation rates and changes in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activities were studied in tomato plants. Antagonist AR12 advanced and increased significantly activities of PAL, PPO, POD, and SOD. As comparison, the activities of these four enzymes increased less and later in tomato only treated with R. solanacearum TM15 (control 2), and kept lowest level with few change in tomato with sterilised water (control 1). The maximum activities of these four enzymes in tomato treated with AR12 occurred in different stages: activity of PAL, PPO, POD, and SOD increased to the top level at 48, 48, 12 and 12 h, respectively, after pathogen inoculation and kept high level for some time. H2O2 is associated with hypersensitive response (HR) during systemic acquired resistance. H2O2 content increased significantly in tomato treated with AR12, but HR response was not seen. CAT and APX are the key H2O2 detoxifying enzymes. Activities of APX in tomato treated with AR12 were increased significantly, while CAT was degraded until 80 h after pathogen inoculation. This work support the view that increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be involved, at least in part, in the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains on the performance of vegetable grown under the pathogen infection conditions. Book, Section Li,X.;Dorsch,M.;Del Dot,T.;Sly,L. I.;Stackebrandt,E.;Hayward,A. C. Phylogeny of Biovars of Pseudomonas solanacearum based on sequencing of 16S rRNA 1993 93 95 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Book, Section Li,X.;Hayward,A. C. The use of the Biolog Identification System for the rapid identification of plant patogenic Pseudomonads 1993 45 48 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Li,H. P.;Goth,R. W.;Barksdale,T. H. Evaluation of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Eggplant Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1988 MAY 72 5 437 439 PT: J 0191-2917 A1988N698800021 Journal Article Li,H. P.;Goth,R. W.;Barksdale,T. H. Increased Tolerance to Bacterial Wilt in Eggplant Phytopathology Phytopathology 1987 JUN 77 6 988 988 PT: J 0031-949X A1987J067300067 Journal Article Li,Q. Q.;Feng,J. X.;Tang,J. L.;Lin,W.;Duan,C. J.;Ye,Y. F.;Luo,K. Siraita grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo; Cucurbitaceae) is a new host of Ralstonia solanacearum in China Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2005 DEC 54 6 811 811 PT: J 0032-0862 000233515500016 Journal Article Libman,G.;Leach,J. G.;Adams,R. E. Role of certain plant-parasitic nematodes in infection of tomatoes by Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1964 54 151 153 Journal Article Libman,G.;Leach,J. G. Study of Role some Nematodes in Incidence and Severity of Southern Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1962 52 11 1219 & PT: J 0031-949X A19621803C00039 Journal Article Lima,M. F.;Lopes,C. A.;DeMelo,P. E. Screening of potato genotypes at seedling stage as for the resistance to bacterial wilt Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 1996 APR 31 4 249 257 PT: J 0100-204X A1996UV46700003 Journal Article Lin,C. -H;Hsu,S. -T;Tzeng,K. -C;Wang,J. -F Detection of race 1 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from field samples using a BIO-PCR method European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. Submitted 2008 A BIO-PCR method was established to detect Ralstonia solanacearum from field soil, weed, and water samples. Samples for detection were incubated in a semi-selective MSM-1 broth at 30oC for three days and then followed by polymerase chain reaction with species-specific primer pairs AU759 and AU760. The sensitivity of the BIO-PCR was 1.9 CFU per ml and 17 CFU per g of soil for pure suspension and infested AVRDC soil, respectively. Samples of 320 field soil, 91 weed, and 85 water samples were collected from eight fields with different disease histories and cropping systems located in major tomato production areas in Taiwan. The frequency of positive detections by BIO-PCR was 66.6, 39.6, 23.1, and 31.8% for all tested samples of soil, weed rhizosphere soil, weed root, and water, respectively, and was higher than those detected by plating on MSM-1 medium. Weed rhizosphere soils could be good sampling targets to monitor the pathogen in the field, because a higher detection rate and population of R. solanacearum were found in the rhizospheres rather than the roots of weeds. Detection of R. solanacearum from field soil with direct plating or BIO-PCR methods indicated that spatial distribution of the pathogen in the field was uneven. The degree of unevenness was higher when tomato was absent in the field. Five composite samples per 1000 m2 field each consisting of 36 sub-samples at a sampling density of one sub-sample per 5.5 m2 were sufficient to determine the presence of R. solanacearum in the field. AVRDC Shanhua, Taiwan Journal Article Lin,Chih-Hung;Hsu,Shih-Tien;Tzeng,Kuo-Ching;Wang,Jaw-Fen Detection of race 1 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum in field samples in Taiwan using a BIO-PCR method European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2009 MAY 124 1 75 85 Spatial distribution;Sampling;Selective medium;Soil;Weed;Water;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BACTERIAL WILT;BURKHOLDERIA SOLANACEARUM;SENSITIVE DETECTION;SURVIVAL;Agronomy;Plant Sciences;Horticulture Bacterial wilt caused by race 1 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum is endemic on tomato produced in diverse agro-ecosystems in Taiwan. Using a new BIO-PCR protocol developed in this study, R. solanacearum was detected in soil, weed, and water samples collected from eight fields with different disease histories and cropping systems located in major tomato production areas. The sensitivity of the BIO-PCR was 1.9 CFU ml(-1) and 17 CFU g(-1) of soil for pure suspension and infested soil, respectively. The positive detection frequency of the BIO-PCR method was 66.6, 39.6, 23.1, and 31.8% for all tested samples of soil, weed rhizosphere soil, weed root, and water, respectively, and was higher than plating on MSM-1 medium. Detection of R. solanacearum from field soil indicated that spatial distribution of the pathogen in the field was not even regardless of the presence or absence of the disease and the different agro-ecosystems where the sampled fields were located, and the degree of unevenness was higher when tomato was absent from the field. Weed rhizosphere soils could be good sampling targets to monitor the pathogen in the field, because a higher positive detection proportion and population of R. solanacearum were found in the rhizosphere rather than the root of the collected weed samples. Symptomless weeds and contaminated irrigation, standing, or drainage waters were found to be important for the over-season survival and dissemination of R. solanacearum. PT: J; NR: 32; TC: 0; J9: EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY; PG: 11; GA: 428NI SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0929-1873 [Lin, Chih-Hung; Wang, Jaw-Fen] Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan 74199, Taiwan. [Lin, Chih-Hung; Hsu, Shih-Tien; Tzeng, Kuo-Ching] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.; Wang, JF, Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, World Vegetable Ctr, POB 42, Tainan 74199, Taiwan.; jaw-fen.wang@worldveg.org 000264854700008 English Article 10.1007/s10658-008-9394-y Journal Article Lin,Y. M.;Chou,I. C.;Wang,J. F.;Ho,F. I.;Chu,Y. J.;Huang,P. C.;Lu,D. K.;Shen,H. L.;Elbaz,M.;Huang,S. M.;Cheng,C. P. Transposon mutagenesis reveals differential pathogenesis of Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato and Arabidopsis Molecular and General Genetics Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2008 21 9 1261 1270 Ralstonia solanacearum causes a deadly wilting disease on a wide range of crops. To elucidate pathogenesis of this bacterium in different host plants, we set out to identify R. solanacearum genes involved in pathogenesis by screening random transposon insertion mutants of a highly virulent strain, Pss190, on tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutants exhibiting various decreased virulence levels on these two hosts were identified. Sequence analysis showed that most. but not all, of the identified pathogenesis genes are conserved among distinct R. solanacearum strains. A few of the disrupted loci were not reported previously as being involved in R. solanacearum pathogenesis. Notably a group of mutants exhibited differential pathogenesis on tomato and Arabidopsis. These results were confirmed by characterizing allelic mutants in one other R. solanacearum strain of the same phylotype. The significantly decreased mutants' colonization in Arabidopsis was found to be correlated with differential pathogenesis on these two plants. Differential requirement of virulence genes suggests adaptation of this bacterium in different host environments. Together, this study reveals commonalities and differences of R. solanacearum pathogenesis on single solanaceous and nonsolanaceous hosts, and provides important new insights into interactions between R. solanacearum and different host plants. Journal Article Lin,Juan;Ma,Cheng;Liu,Shutao;Wu,Lingling;Rao,Pingfan High speed separation and quantitation of Ralstonia solanacearum of different virulences using high performance ion exchange chromatography Chinese Journal of Chromatography Chinese J. Chromatography 2007 25 1 70 74 high performance ion exchange chromatography;laser light scattering instrument;Ralstonia solanacearum;virulence;separation;quantitation High performance ion exchange chromatography coupled with laser light scattering instrument was employed for the rapid separation and quantitation of Ralstonia solanacearum of different virulences. The pure culture of Ralstonia solanacearum was successfully separated into three characteristic fractions. Each fraction was collected and inoculated onto 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) plates to identify its virulence. The shapes and colors of the colonies were imaged, and the average attenuation index (attenuation index = red spot diameter of colony / total colony diameter) of ten colonies of each fraction was carefully determined. Furthermore, each fraction was inoculated into SPA liquid media at 30 °C with shaking (200 r/min) for 48 h, the cells were harvested, suspended at a density of 1.2 × 109 cfu/mL, and applied to infect tomato tissue culture plantlets using leaf-cutting method. The infection mortality of the tomato tissue culture plantlets was recorded from 1 to 9 days after inoculation. The results showed that the virulences of each fraction were different on the basis of attenuation index and infection mortality. The virulence of peak 3 fraction was the strongest and that of peak 1 fraction was the weakest. In addition, the linear relationships between different injection volumes (1–180 μL) and their peak areas were investigated. The linearity was good within the range of the bacterial number of 9 × 106 −9 × 108 (r = 0.99). This method can be potentially used as a novel tool for the rapid separation and quantitation of Ralstonia solanacearum of different virulences. Journal Article Lin,Y. H.;Xu,J. L.;Hu,J. Y.;Wang,L. H.;Ong,S. L.;Leadbetter,J. R.;Zhang,L. H. Acyl-homoserine lactone acylase from Ralstonia strain XJ12B represents a novel and potent class of quorum-quenching enzymes Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2003 FEB 47 3 849 860 PT: J 0950-382X 000180776700019 Journal Article Lindahl,V.;Bakken,L. R. Evaluation of methods for extraction of bacteria from soil FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1995 16 135 142 Journal Article Lippens,G.;Wieruszeski,J. M.;Horvath,D.;Talaga,P.;Bohin,J. P. Slow dynamics of the cyclic osmoregulated periplasmic glucan of Ralstonia solanacearum as revealed by heteronuclear relaxation studies Journal of the American Chemical Society J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998 JAN 14 120 1 170 177 PT: J 0002-7863 000071510300023 Journal Article Liu,D. Q.;Zhu,S. N.;Ni,J. R. Purification and characterisation of a gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Ralstonia solanacearum GMI 1000 Annals of Microbiology Ann. Microbiol. 2007 57 3 307 312 PT: J 1590-4261 000250319900002 Journal Article Liu,H.;Denny,T. P. Proteomics analysis indicates that Ralstonia solanacearum has a distinctive type H secretion system Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S66 S67 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000407 Journal Article Liu,H.;Kang,Y.;Genin,S.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Twitching motility of Ralstonia solanacearum requires a type IV pilus system Microbiology Microbiology 2001 147 3215 3229 Journal Article Liu,H. L.;Zhang,S. P.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Pyramiding, unmarked deletions in Ralstonia solanacearum shows that secreted proteins in addition to plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes contribute to virulence Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2005 DEC 18 12 1296 1305 PT: J 0894-0282 000233525600006 Conference Proceedings Lloyd,A. B. Survival of the potato strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum in soil 1978 2 875 878 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Angers, France INRA Angers, France Journal Article Lloyd,A. B. Grower Attitudes to Bacterial Wilt of Potatoes Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 1975 41 3 215 216 PT: J 0045-0545 A1975BA32000011 Journal Article Lloyd,A. B.;Graham,J. Persistence of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum on the Northern Tablelands of New-South-Wales Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 1981 47 3 175 178 PT: J 0045-0545 A1981NV81100010 Journal Article Locascio,S. J.;Stall,R. E.;Stall,W. M. Bacterial wilt expression in tomato as influenced by cultivar and lime Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1988 101 356 358 Journal Article Long,H. H.;Furuya,N.;Kurose,D.;Yamamoto,I.;Takeshita,M.;Takanami,Y. Identification of the endophytic bacterial isolates and their in vitro and in vivo antagonism against Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 2004 OCT 49 2 233 241 PT: J 0023-6152 000225553700005 Journal Article Lopes,C. A.;Quezado-Soares,A. M.;de Melo,P. E. Differential resistance of tomato cultigens to biovar 1 and 3 of Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1994 78 1091 1094 Journal Article Loreti,S.;Fiori,M.;De Simone,D.;Falchi,G.;Gallelli,A.;Schiaffino,A.;Ena,S. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, on tomato in Italy Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2008 57 2 368 Symptoms of wilting, resembling those incited by Ralstonia solanacearum, were observed in February and April 2007 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cvs Arawak, Ikram and Cuore di bue, growing in five greenhouses in Southern Sardinia (Italy). At first affected plants showed collapse of the growing apex. Stunted lateral shoots emerged but then wilted and died while adventitious roots appeared on the stems. Cross sections of stems showed brown discoloration of the vascular tissue and oozed a dirty white exudate. In April, when environmental conditions were warmer, wilting of the whole plant occurred rapidly. The percentage of wilted plants ranged from 10 to 70%.Isolations were performed from ten plants with symptoms and from water used for irrigation. Fluidal colonies, which were either entirely white or white with a red centre, were isolated from all samples on SMSA (Elphinstone et al., 1996) and TZCA (Kelman, 1954) media. For pathogenicity tests, six isolates were each inoculated on 9 plants of tomato, eggplant and tobacco. The assay was repeated twice. The stem was wounded with a sterile syringe and a drop of the bacterial suspensions (106–107 CFU mL−1) were placed on the wound. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water (SDW). Typical symptoms appeared on inoculated tomato and eggplants within 1 week; after 2 weeks all plants had wilted and died. No symptoms were observed on inoculated tobacco and control plants.All isolates and re-isolates were positive for oxidase, catalase, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and nitrate reduction, oxidatively metabolized glucose and produced alkali from citrate. They induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves, did not grow at 40°C and did not produce fluorescent pigment on KB, nor levan on NSA nor alkali from arginine. Furthermore they did not hydrolyse aesculin, gelatin or starch. Biolog‘ analysis identified the isolates as Ralstonia solanacearum [similarity index match 0·55; probability 99%]. A positive reaction was obtained in IFAS. PCR, according to Seal et al. (1993), gave the expected band of 288 bp. The digestion of the amplification products with AvaII gave the same restriction pattern as the R. solanacearum type strain NCPPB 325.On the basis of the results obtained, the bacteria isolated from tomato, in Sardinia, were identified as R. solanacearum. This is the first report of the presence of R. solanacearum on tomato in Italy. Journal Article Lottmann,J.;Heuer,H.;de Vries,J.;Mahn,A.;During,K.;Wackernagel,W.;Smalla,K.;Berg,G. Establishment of introduced antagonistic bacteria in the rhizosphere of transgenic potatoes and their effect on the bacterial community FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2000 33 41 49 Journal Article Louws,F. J.;Fulbright,D. W.;Stephens,C. T.;de Bruijn,F. J. Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequences and PCR Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994 60 7 2286 2295 Journal Article Louws,F. J.;Wilson,M.;Campbell,H. L.;Cuppels,D. A.;Jones,J. B.;Shoemaker,P. B.;Sahin,F.;Miller,S. A. Field control of bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato using a plant activator Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2001 85 5 481 488 Journal Article Lucas,G. B.;Sasser,J. N.;Kelman,A. The relationship of root-knot nematodes to Granville wilt resistance in tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1955 45 537 540 Journal Article Luo,K.;Wang,Z. Study of bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) controlled by antagonistic and avirulent P. solanacearum Acta Phytopathological Sinica Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 1983 13 51 56 Journal Article Luo,S.;Liu,D. Q.;Liu,H.;Zhou,N. Y. Site-directed mutagenesis of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1 and Ralstonia sp strain U2 Microbiological Research Microbiol. Res. 2006 161 2 138 144 PT: J 0944-5013 000235609300007 Journal Article Madsen,E. L.;Alexander,M. Transport of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas through soil Soil Science Society of American Journal Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1982 46 557 560 Book, Section Mahir,A. M.;Diong,K. S.;Ismail,A. Virulence studies of Pseudomonas solanacearum and inheritance of resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum 1993 154 157 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Maimbo,M.;Ohnishi,K.;Hikichi,Y.;Yoshioka,H.;Kiba,A. Induction of a small heat shock protein and its functional roles in Nicotiana plants in the defense response against Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Physiology Plant Physiol. 2007 DEC 145 4 1588 1599 PT: J 0032-0889 000251396300046 Journal Article Main,C. E. Induced Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Susceptible Tobacco Cuttings Pretreated with Avirulent Mutants of Pseudomonas Solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1968 58 8 1058 & PT: J 0031-949X A1968B681500114 Journal Article Maine,E. C.;Kelman,A. Influence of Reducing Substances on Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1961 51 7 491 & PT: J 0031-949X A19611798C00012 Journal Article Mangin,B.;Thoquet,P.;Olivier,J.;Grimsley,N. H. Temporal and multiple quantitative trait loci analyses of resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato permit the resolution of linked loci Genetics Genetics 1999 MAR 151 3 1165 1172 PT: J 0016-6731 000078966100023 Journal Article Marco-Noales,E.;Bertolini,E.;Morente,C.;Lopez,M. M. Integrated approach for detection of nonculturable cells of Ralstonia solanacearum in asymptomatic Pelargonium spp. cuttings PHYTOPATHOLOGY PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008 98 8 949 955 Ralstonia solanocearum (biovar 2. race 3) is a Soil and water-borne pathogen that Causes serious diseases in several solanaceous hosts. It can also infect geranium plants, posing an important threat to their culture when latently infected cuttings are imported from countries where the pathogen is endemic. R. solanacearum can be present in very low numbers in asymptomatic geranium cuttings, and/or in a particular stressed physiological state that escapes direct isolation on the solid media usually employed. Consequently, an integrated protocol has been developed to analyze asymptomatic geranium cuttings routinely. The first screening tests include isolation and co-operational-polymerase chain reaction (Co-PCR), based on the simultaneous and co-operational action of three primers from 16S rRNA of R. solanacearum. This method was selected as the most sensitive one, able to detect only 1 cell/ml including, non-culturable cells. When isolation is negative but Co-PCR is positive, the bioassay in tomato plants is proposed, since stressed bacterial cells or those present in low numbers that do not grow on solid media can be recovered from inoculated tomato plants and retain pathogenicity. This methodology has been demonstrated to be useful and has allowed LIS to assess the relevance of the physiological status of bacterial cells and its implications in detection. It also reveals the risk of introducing R. solanacearum through asymptomatic geranium material when relying only on bacterial isolation. Journal Article Marenda,M.;Brito,B.;Callard,D.;Genin,S.;Barberis,P.;Boucher,C.;Arlat,M. PrhA controls a novel regulatory pathway required for the specific induction of Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes in the presence of plant cells Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 1998 JAN 27 2 437 453 PT: J 0950-382X 000071623800019 Book, Section Marin,J. E.;El-Nashaar,H. M. Pathogenicity of the new phenotypes of Pseudomonas solanacearum from Peru 1993 78 84 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Martin,C.;French,E. R.;Nydegger,U. Strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum affecting Solanaceae in the Americas Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1982 66 6 458 460 Journal Article Martin,C.;French,E. R.;Nydegger,U. Bacterial wilt of potatoes in the Amazon Basin Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1981 65 3 246 249 Journal Article Martin,C.;Nydegger,U. Susceptibility of Cyphomandra betacea to Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1982 66 11 1025 1027 Journal Article Martin,G. B.;Williams,J. G. K.;Tanksley,S. D. Rapid identification of markers linked to a Pseudomonas resistance gene in tomato by using random primers and near-isogenic lines Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991 88 2336 2340 Journal Article Masunaka,Akira;Nakaho,Kazuhiro;Sakai,Masao;Takahashi,Hideki;Takenaka,Shigehito Visualization of Ralstonia solanacearum cells during biocontrol of bacterial wilt disease in tomato with Pythium oligandrum Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2009 AUG 75 4 281 287 Pythium oligandrum;Ralstonia solanacearum;Biological control;Bacterial wilt;Micro-Tom;Confocal laser scanning microscopy;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;INDUCED RESISTANCE;SUGAR-BEET;INDUCTION;WALL;COLONIZATION;MECHANISMS;PROTEINS;PATHOGEN;TISSUES;Plant Sciences The biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum (PO) can suppress bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) in tomato. To understand the primary biocontrol mechanisms of bacterial wilt by PO, we pretreated tomato plants with sterile distilled water or preinoculated them with PO, followed by inoculation with RS, then observed PO and RS in fixed sections of tomato tissues using a confocal laser-scanning microscope and fluorescence labeling until 14 days after the inoculation with RS. Horizontal and vertical movement of RS bacteria was frequently observed in the xylem vessels of roots and stems of tomato plants (cv. Micro-Tom) that had not been inoculated with PO. In plants that were preinoculated with PO, the movement of RS was suppressed, and bacteria appeared to be restricted to the pit of vessels, a reaction similar to that observed in resistant rootstocks. PO colonization was mainly observed at the surfaces of taproots, the junctions between taproots and lateral roots, and the middle sections of the lateral roots. PO was not observed near wound sites or root tips where RS tended to colonize. However, RS colonization was significantly repressed at these sites in PO preinoculated plants. These observations suggest that the induction of plant defense reactions is the main mechanism for the control of tomato bacterial wilt by PO, not direct competition for infection sites. PT: J; NR: 29; TC: 0; J9: J GEN PLANT PATHOL; PG: 7; GA: 475AM SPRINGER TOKYO TOKYO; 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN 1345-2630 [Masunaka, Akira; Takenaka, Shigehito] Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Memuro Res Stn, Memuro, Hokkaido 0820081, Japan. [Nakaho, Kazuhiro] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058666, Japan. [Sakai, Masao] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Takahashi, Hideki] Tohoku Univ, Dept Life Sci, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan.; Takenaka, S, Headquarters Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058517, Japan.; stake@affrc.go.jp 000268327300004 English Article 10.1007/s10327-009-0173-1 Journal Article Mathew,J.;Abraham,K.;Indrasenan,G.;Samuel,M. New Record of Bacterial Wilt of Ginger Incited by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Smith,ef from India Current science Curr. Sci. 1979 48 5 213 214 PT: J 0011-3891 A1979GL96800016 Journal Article Matsuda,K.;Toyoda,H.;Nishio,H.;Nishida,T.;Dohgo,M.;Bingo,M.;Matsuda,Y.;Yoshida,S.;Harada,S.;Tanaka,H.;Komai,K.;Ouchi,S. Control of the bacterial wilt of tomato plants by a derivative of 3-indolepropionic acid based on selective actions on Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Agriculture and Food chemistry J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998 46 4416 4419 Journal Article Matsuda,Y.;Toyoda,H.;kato,Y.;Kakutani,K.;Nakanishi,T.;Bingo,M.;Nonomura,T.;Ouchi,S. Molecular monitoring of hrpB-disrupted mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato plants Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2000 66 59 63 Journal Article Matsunaga,H.;Monma,S. Sources of resistance to bacterial wilt in Capsicum Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1999 68 4 753 761 Journal Article Matsuzoe,N.;Okubo,H.;Fujieda,K. Resistance of Tomato Plants Grafted on Solanum Rootstocks to Bacterial Wilt and Root-Knot Nematode Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 1993 MAR 61 4 865 872 PT: J 0013-7626 A1993KR94600015 Book, Section McCarter,S. M. Bacterial wilt 1991 28 29 Jones,J. B.;Jones,J. P.;Stall,R. E.;Zitter,T. A. Compendium of tomato diseases APS Press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article McCarter,S. M. Persistence of Pseudomonas solanacearum in artificially infested soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1976 66 998 1000 Journal Article McCarter,S. M. A procedure for infesting field soils with Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1973 63 799 800 Journal Article McCarter,S. M.;Barksdale,T. H.;Jaworski,C. A. Reduction of bacterial wilt by early harvest of tomato transplant Phytopathology Phytopathology 1971 61 849 851 Journal Article McCarter,S. M.;Dukes,P. D.;Jaworski,C. A. Vertical distribution of Pseudomonas solanacearum in several soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1969 59 1675 1677 Journal Article McCarter,S. M.;Jaworski,C. A. Greenhouse studies on the spread of Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato plants by clipping Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1968 52 330 334 Journal Article McCarter,S. M.;Ratcliffe,T. J. Incidence of major diseases on tomato transplants produced in Georgia Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1977 61 129 131 Journal Article McGarvey,J. A.;Denny,T. P.;Schell,M. A. Spatial-temporal and quantitative analysis of groth and EPS I production by Ralstonia solanacearum in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars Phytopathology Phytopathology 1999 89 1233 1239 Journal Article McLaughlin,R. J.;Sequeira,L. Phenotypic diversity in strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum isolated from a single potato field in northeastern Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1989 73 12 960 964 Journal Article Mclaughlin,R. J.;Sequeira,L. Evaluation of an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum for biological control of bacterial wilt of potato American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1988 65 255 268 Journal Article McLaughlin,R. J.;Sequeira,L.;Weingartner,D. P. Biocontrol of bacterial wilt of potato with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas solanacearum: interactions with root-knot nematodes American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1990 67 93 107 Journal Article Mclaughlin,R. J.;Sequeira,L.;Weingartner,D. P. Potato Seedpiece Treatment with an Avirulent Variant of Pseudomonas Solanacearum Reduces Incidence of Bacterial Wilt an Brown Rot Phytopathology Phytopathology 1985 75 10 1178 1178 PT: J 0031-949X A1985ATF1600049 Journal Article Melton,T. A.;Powell,N. T. Effects of two-year crop rotations and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt in flue-cured tobacco Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1991 75 7 695 698 Journal Article Meng,F.;Milling,A.;Allen,C. Interactions with hosts at cool temperature, not cold tolerance, explain the unique epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 biovar 2 Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S104 Most strains of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, but one group, R3bv2, can attack plants in temperate zones and highland tropics. Extensive epidemiological data document the destructiveness of R3bv2 in cooler climates, but the basis of this distinctive ecological trait is not understood. We compared the survival, growth and virulence of two R. solanacearum strains, GMI1000 (race 1, tropical) and UW551 (R3bv2, temperate) at different temperatures with and without host plants. At 4C (the temperature of commercial seed potato storage), neither GMI1000 nor UW551 survived more than 90 days in water. However, UW551 survived more than 4 months in inoculated potato tubers at 4C, while GMI1000 survived less than 50 days in tubers. The two strains grew similarly in minimal media at 20C and 29C. At 29C, both strains wilted tomato plants rapidly in a naturalistic soil-soak virulence assay. In contrast, at 20C UW551 was much more virulent on tomato than GMI1000. Thus, there was little difference in growth and survival of tropical and R3bv2 strains at 4C, 20C, or 29C in the absence of a plant host. But at cooler temperatures R3bv2 survived longer in tubers and caused disease better than a tropical strain. These data indicate interaction with plants is required for the temperate epidemiological trait of R3bv2. Journal Article Meng,F.;Yao,J.;Allen,C. Hypermotile MotR mutants of Ralstonia solanacearum are reduced in virulence Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S75 S75 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000460 Journal Article Mercier,A.;Bertolla,F.;Passelegue-Robe,E.;Simonet,P. Natural transformation-based foreign DNA acquisition in a Ralstonia solanacearum mutS mutant Research in Microbiology Res. Microbiol. 2007 JUL-AUG 158 6 537 544 PT: J 0923-2508 000249247800009 Journal Article Mercier,Anne;Bertolla,Franck;Passelegue-Robe,Eugenie;Simonet,Pascal Influence of DNA conformation and role of comA and recA on natural transformation in Ralstonia solanacearum Canadian Journal of Microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 2009 JUN 55 6 762 770 horizontal gene transfer;natural transformation;competence;recombination;Ralstonia solanacearum;STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE;NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE;HOMOLOGOUS;HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE;PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI;GENES;ACINETOBACTER SP;PLASMID TRANSFER;SEQUENCE;PROTEIN;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Immunology;Microbiology Naturally competent bacteria such as the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum are characterized by their ability to take up free DNA from their surroundings. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of various DNA types including chromosomal linear DNA and circular or linearized integrative and (or) replicative plasmids to naturally transform R. solanacearum. To study the respective regulatory role of DNA transport and maintenance in the definite acquisition of new DNA by bacteria, the natural transformation frequencies were compared with those obtained when the bacterial strain was transformed by electroporation. An additional round of electrotransformation and natural transformation was carried out with the same set of donor DNAs and with R. solanacearum disrupted mutants that were potentially affected in competence (comA gene) and recombination (recA gene) functions. Our results confirmed the critical role of the comA gene for natural transformation and that of recA for recombination and, more surprisingly, for the maintenance of an autonomous plasmid in the host cell. Finally, our results showed that homologous recombination of chromosomal linear DNA fragments taken up by natural transformation was the most efficient way for R. solanacearum to acquire new DNA, in agreement with previous data showing competence development and natural transformation between R. solanacearum cells in plant tissues. PT: J; NR: 50; TC: 0; J9: CAN J MICROBIOL; PG: 9; GA: 481ZM NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS OTTAWA; BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA 0008-4166 [Mercier, Anne; Bertolla, Franck; Passelegue-Robe, Eugenie] Univ Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France. [Mercier, Anne; Bertolla, Franck; Passelegue-Robe, Eugenie] Univ Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France. [Mercier, Anne; Bertolla, Franck; Passelegue-Robe, Eugenie] INRA, USC 1193, CNRS, UMR5557, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mercier, Anne; Bertolla, Franck; Passelegue-Robe, Eugenie] IFR 41, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Simonet, Pascal] Ecole Cent Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5005, Environm Microbial Genom Grp, F-69134 Ecully, France.; Bertolla, F, Univ Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France.; bertolla@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr 000268852800015 English Article 10.1139/W09-025 Journal Article Messiha,N. A. S.;van Diepeningen,A. D.;Wenneker,M.;van Beuningen,A. R.;Janse,J. D.;Coenen,T. G. C.;Termorshuizen,A. J.;van Bruggen, A. H. C.;Blok,W. J. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2007 117 403 415 Journal Article Messiha,N. A. S.;van Bruggen,A. H. C.;Franz,E.;Janse,J. D.;Schoeman-Weerdesteijn,M. E.;Termorshuizen,A. J.;van Diepeningen,A. D. Effects of soil type, management type and soil amendments on the survival of the potato brown rot bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum Applied Soil Ecology Appl. Soil Ecol. 2009 OCT-NOV 43 2-3 206 215 Organic;Conventional;NPK;Compost;Cow manure;Biodiversity;GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS;ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS;WEED HOSTS;BIOVAR 2;RACE-3;FATE;COMMUNITIES;FRAGMENTS;SEVERITY;CLIMATES;Soil Science Potato brown rot disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is a serious economic problem in Egypt, partly due to an European Union requirement that potatoes for export to the EU should be grown in so-called pest free area's (PFA's), where fields are tested and infested fields are put under quarantine measures. To investigate pathogen survival and to determine the time required to keep infested fields in quarantine, the survival of R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 was tested in soils differing in origin (Dutch versus Egyptian soils), soil type (sand versus clay), and management type (organic versus conventional). All eight soils Were tested at moderate (15 degrees C) and elevated temperatures (28 degrees C). Also the effects of artificial fertilizer and organic (compost and cow manure) amendments on survival of R. solanacearum were tested. In all soils, with and without amendments, the pathogen dropped below the detection limit (10(2) CFU g(-1) d.w. soil) within 5 months At both temperatures, all Egyptian soils showed a significantly faster decline in pathogen density than the Dutch soils. The decline ill colony forming units of R solanacearum per gram of soil was faster in sandy soils than in clay soils from both countries Management effects on decline of R. solanacearum were smaller and less consistent: for some soils, organic management resulted in a significantly shorter 50%-reduction-time and/or greater decline rate than conventional management, for other soils the differences were not significant. Survival periods at 15 degrees C were longer than at 28 degrees C in Dutch soils, but not in Egyptian soils, where survival was slightly shorter at the lower temperature. Amendments with NPK fertilizer to the conventional soils and with cow manure to the organic soils enhanced the decline rate of R. solanacearum in these soils. The decline rate of the pathogen was negatively correlated with total soluble organic matter and positively with bacterial diversity. In conclusion, the overriding factors determining survival of R. solanacearum in soil may be the production of toxic concentrations of ammonia on the one hand, and availability of substrate in combination with microbial competition on the other hand. The sandy desert soils of Egypt are very suitable for production of export potatoes because the pathogen would survive for only a relatively short period in those soils, if it were accidentally introduced. Addition of ammonia-producing amendments can reduce populations of R. solanacearum, whereas compost addition and organic management do not necessarily result in an enhanced decline of the pathogen (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PT: J; NR: 45; TC: 0; J9: APPL SOIL ECOL; PG: 10; GA: 512NX ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM; PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 0929-1393 [Messiha, N. A. S.; van Bruggen, A. H. C.; Franz, E.; Termorshuizen, A. J.; van Diepeningen, A. D.] Wageningen Univ, Biol Farming Syst Grp, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Messiha, N. A. S.; Janse, J. D.; Schoeman-Weerdesteijn, M. E.] Plant Protect Serv, Dept Bacteriol, NL-6706 EA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Messiha, N. A. S.] PBRP, Cairo, Egypt.; van Diepeningen, AD, Wageningen Univ, Genet Lab, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,POB 309, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands.; anne.vandiepeningen@wur.nl 000271257600007 English Article 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.008 Journal Article Messiha,N. A. S.;van Diepeningen,A. D.;Farag,N. S.;Abdallah,S. A.;Janse,J. D.;van Bruggen,A. H. C. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a new potential biocontrol agent of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of potato brown rot European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2007 118 3 211 225 Journal Article Mew,T. W.;Ho,W. C. Effect of soil temperature on resistance of tomato cultivars to bacterial wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 1977 67 909 911 Journal Article Mew,T. W.;Ho,W. C. Varietal resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1976 60 264 268 Journal Article Meyer,D.;Cunnac,S.;Gueneron,M.;Declercq,C.;Van Gijsegem,F.;Lauber,E.;Boucher,C.;Arlat,M. PopF1 and PopF2, two proteins secreted by the type III protein secretion system of Ralstonia solanacearum, are translocators belonging to the HrpF Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2006 JUL 188 13 4903 4917 PT: J 0021-9193 000238664600035 Journal Article Miah,A. J.;Rahman,M. A.;Kahn,A. L. Reaction of Advance Tobacco Lines to Bacterial Wilt Bangladesh Journal of Botany Bangladesh J. Bot. 1993 DEC 22 2 115 119 PT: J 0253-5416 A1993MN12500002 Journal Article Miao,L.;Shou,S.;Zhu,Z.;Jiang,F.;Zai,W.;Yang,Y. Isolation of a novel tomato caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase gene following infection with the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2008 156 10 588 596 We combined cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to detect genes that control tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) bacterial wilt infected with Ralstonia solanacearum, resistance in F-2 population derived from a cross between a bacterial wilt-resistant variety, T51A, and a bacterial wilt-susceptible variety, T9230. In cDNA-AFLP analysis among bulked-resistant F-2 (B-R) pool, bulked-susceptible F-2 (B-S) pool, bulked-resistant T51A (B-A) pool and bulked-susceptible T9230 (B-B) pool, 34 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (DE-TDFs) that were present in only B-R and B-A pools were detected. Analysis of differential DE-TDF expression in individual resistant F-2 resulted in the isolation of a caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) gene not previously described from tomato and which showed similarity to an CCoAOMT gene from tobacco and potato plants. This CCoAOMT gene may play a role in innate generalized response to pathogen infection as it was downregulated in susceptible tomato following infection with the bacterium. CCoAOMT gene plays an essential role in the synthesis of guaiacyl lignin units and supply substrates for the synthesis of syringyl lignin units. Journal Article Miao,L. X.;Shou,S. Y.;Cai,J. Y.;Jiang,F.;Zhu,Z. J.;Li,H. B. Identification of two AFLP markers linked to bacterial wilt resistance in tomato and conversion to SCAR markers Molecular Biology Reports Mol. Biol. Rep. 2009 MAR 2009 36 3 479 486 Tomato bacterial wilt (BW) incited by Ralstonia solanacearum is a constraint on tomato production in tropical, subtropical and humid regions of the world. In this paper, we present the results of a research aimed at the identification of PCR-based markers amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) linked to the genes that confer resistance to tomato BW. To this purpose, bulked segregant analysis was applied to an F-2 population segregating for the BW resistant gene and derived from the pair-cross between a BW resistant cultivar T51A and the susceptible cultivar T9230. Genetic analysis indicated that tomato BW was conferred by two incomplete dominant genes. A CTAB method for total DNA extraction, developed by Murray and Thompson with some modifications was used to isolation the infected tomato leaves. Thirteen differential fragments were detected using 256 primer combinations, and two AFLP markers were linked to the BW resistance. Subsequently, the AFLP markers were converted to co-dominant SCAR markers, named TSCAR(AAT/CGA) and TSCAR(AAG/CAT). Linkage analysis showed that the two markers are on the contralateral side of TRSR-1. Genetic distance between TSCAR(AAT/CGA) and TRS-1 was estimated to 4.6 cM, while 8.4 cM between TSCAR(AAG/CAT) and TRS-1. Journal Article Michel, V.V. and Mew, T.W. Effect of a soil amendment on the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in different soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1998 88 300 305 Journal Article Michel,V. V.;Hartman,G. L.;Midmore,D. J. Effect of previous crop on soil populations of Burkholderia solanacearum, bacterial wilt, and yield of tomatoes in Taiwan Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1996 80 12 1367 1370 Journal Article Michel,V. V.;Wang,J. F.;Midmore,D. J.;Hartman,G. L. Effects of intercropping and soil amendment with urea and calcium oxide on the incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato and survival of soil-borne Pseudomonas solanacearum in Taiwan Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 1997 46 600 610 Journal Article Milling,A.;Allen,C. How do plants defend themselves against bacterial wilt? Response of resistant and susceptible tomato plants to infection by Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S106 S107 Host resistance is the only practical control for bacterial wilt of tomato, caused by diverse strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, but wilt resistance is horizontal, polygenic and its basis is not understood. We used quantitative PCR to measure induction of six defense related genes in resistant or susceptible tomato plants following infection with either a tropical Race 1 strain or a temperate Race 3 strain of R. solanacearum. Tomato plants responded to infection by upregulating marker genes for both the salicylate (SA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, but not the jasmonate (JA) pathway. Both host and pathogen genotype played a critical role in the tomato response to bacterial wilt. The horizontally resistant tomato line H7996 showed a faster and greater induction of the ET and SA signaling pathways than a susceptible cultivar in response to infection by either the tropical or the temperate strain. The susceptible tomato also launched strong defenses following infection by the tropical strain, but the temperate Race 3 strain triggered little defense response in the susceptible host while causing similar symptoms. To explore mechanisms by which the pathogen may evades host recognition and resistance, we also measured defense expression in resistant and susceptible tomato plants infected with R. solanacearum mutants that lack either extracellular polysaccharide production or a functional Type III secretion system. Journal Article Milling,A.;Swanson,J. K.;Allen,C. Tomato upregulates defense genes in response to infection by Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S77 S78 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000476 Journal Article Milling,Annett;Meng,Fanhong;Denny,Timothy P.;Allen,Caitilyn Interactions with hosts at cool temperatures, not cold tolerance, explain the unique epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 Phytopathology Phytopathology 2009 OCT 99 10 1127 1134 PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BACTERIAL WILT;NONCULTURABLE STATE;SURVIVAL;STRATEGIES;WATER MICROCOSMS;POTATO-TUBERS;PHYLOTYPE-II;WEED HOSTS;INFECTION;VIRULENCE;Plant Sciences Most strains of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, but race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) strains can attack plants in temperate zones and tropical highlands. The basis of this distinctive ecological trait is not understood. We compared the survival of tropical, R3bv2, and warm-temperate North American strains of R. solanacearum under different conditions. In water at 4 degrees C, North American strains remained culturable the longest (up to 90 days), whereas tropical strains remained culturable for the shortest time (approximate to 40 days). However, live/dead staining indicated that cells of representative strains remained viable for >160 days. In contrast, inside potato tubers, R3bv2 strain UW551 survived >4 months at 4 degrees C, whereas North American strain K60 and tropical strain GMI1000 were undetectable after <70 days in tubers. GMI1000 and UW551 grew similarly in minimal medium at 20 and 28 degrees C and, although both strains wilted tomato plants rapidly at 28 degrees C, UW551 was much more virulent at 20 degrees C, killing all inoculated plants under conditions where GMI100 killed just over half. Thus, differences among the strains in the absence of a plant host were not predictive of their behavior in planta at cooler temperatures. These data indicate that interaction with plants is required for expression of the temperate epidemiological trait of R3bv2. PT: J; NR: 56; TC: 0; J9: PHYTOPATHOLOGY; PG: 8; GA: 492VG AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0031-949X [Milling, Annett; Meng, Fanhong; Allen, Caitilyn] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Denny, Timothy P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30603 USA.; Allen, C, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; cza@plantpath.wisc.edu 000269688400003 English Article 10.1094/PHYTO-99-10-1127 Journal Article Mimura,Yutaka;Yoshikawa,Masami;Hirai,Masashi Pepper accession LS2341 is highly resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Japan HortScience HortScience 2009 DEC 44 7 2038 2040 bacterial wilt;Capsicum annuum;biovar;strain;KP9547;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;DIVERSITY;CAPSICUM;Horticulture Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most serious diseases in pepper (Capsicum annuum) crops in warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical areas, including Japan. Resistant lines are a prerequisite for breeding resistant cultivars but are not well studied. Eight pepper accessions previously described as resistant to the pathogen were selected and inoculated with a highly virulent strain, KP9547. Among them, Malaysian accession LS2341 exhibited the highest resistance. Accession LS2341 was then challenged with 14 virulent strains collected from various areas in Japan. The strains cover biovars 2T, 3, and 4 and include isolates from the host plants of tomato, eggplant, and pepper. Results indicated that accession LS2341 had the highest level of resistance to all the strains of R. solanacearum examined. Therefore, accession LS2341 was confirmed as an appropriate source for the breeding of resistant cultivars of pepper in Japan and is a candidate for a potential source of resistance in other areas. PT: J; NR: 29; TC: 0; J9: HORTSCIENCE; PG: 3; GA: 532MF AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE ALEXANDRIA; 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA 0018-5345 [Mimura, Yutaka; Yoshikawa, Masami] Kyoto Prefectural Agr Forestry & Fisheries Techno, Dept Biotechnol Res, Seika, Kyoto 6190244, Japan. [Hirai, Masashi] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sora Ku, Kyoto 6190244, Japan.; Mimura, Y, Kyoto Prefectural Agr Forestry & Fisheries Techno, Dept Biotechnol Res, 74 Oji, Seika, Kyoto 6190244, Japan.; y-mimura02@pref.kyoto.lg.jp 000272751600045 English Article Journal Article Mimura,Yutaka;Kageyama,Tomoko;Minamiyama,Yasuhiro;Hirai,Masashi QTL analysis for resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Capsicum Accession 'LS2341' Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 2009 JUL 78 3 307 313 bacterial wilt;Capsicum annuum;quantitative trait loci (QTL);Ralstonia solanacearum;resistance locus;LINKAGE MAP;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;PEPPER;TOMATO;IDENTIFICATION;MARKERS;ANNUUM;GENES;LOCI;Horticulture A Malaysian pepper accession, 'LS2341' (Capsicum annuum L.) is highly resistant to bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith (species complex). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using a double haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between the susceptible cultivar 'California Wonder' and 'LS2341'. A linkage map was constructed using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The map spans 974 cM, and consists of 15 linkage groups (LGs). Growth chamber evaluations of BW resistance detected a QTL on LG 11. This LG corresponds to pepper chromosome 1 (P1). The QTL explained 33%, of the resistance derived from 'LS2341', and was named Bw1. An SSR marker, CAMS451 was mapped in the centre of the QTL. Although BW-resistance is thought to be polygenically controlled, use or this linkage marker may improve the efficiency of breeding BW-resistant cultivars. PT: J; NR: 39; TC: 0; J9: J JPN SOC HORT SCI; PG: 7; GA: 471QY JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI KYOTO; KYOTO UNIV, FACULTY AGRICULTURE, SAKYOKU, KYOTO, JAPAN 1882-3351 [Mimura, Yutaka; Hirai, Masashi] Kyoto Prefectural Inst Agr Biotechnol, Sora Ku, Kyoto 6190244, Japan. [Kageyama, Tomoko; Hirai, Masashi] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sora Ku, Kyoto 6190244, Japan. [Minamiyama, Yasuhiro] Kyoto Prefectural Agr Res Inst, Kyoto 6210806, Japan.; Mimura, Y, Kyoto Prefectural Inst Agr Biotechnol, Sora Ku, Kyoto 6190244, Japan.; y-mimura02@pref.kyoto.lg.jp 000268074600007 English Article Journal Article Mine,Y.;Sakiyama,R.;Saka,H. Methodological evaluation of slow sand filters on microbe removal and performance of the filtration system against the spread of tomato bacterial wilt in a NFT system. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 2002 JAN 71 1 107 113 PT: J 0013-7626 000173351800017 Journal Article Misaghi,I. J.;Olsen,M. W.;Billotte,J. M.;Sonoda,R. M. The Importance of Rhizobacterial Mobility in Biocontrol of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Soil Biology & Biochemistry 1992 APR 24 4 287 293 PT: J 0038-0717 A1992HR95000001 Journal Article Moffet,M. L.;Giles,J. E.;Wood,B. A. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum biovars 2 and 3 in soil: effect of moisture and soil type Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil. Biol. Biochem. 1983 15 5 587 591 Journal Article Moffet,M. L.;Wood,B. a. Populations of Pseudomonas solanacearum biovar 3 in naturally infested soil Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 1984 16 57 61 Journal Article Mohamed,M. El S.;Umaharan,P.;Phelps,R. H. Genetic nature of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) accession LA 1421 Euphytica Euphytica 1997 96 323 326 Journal Article Mohanaku.N;Gilbert,J. C.;Buddenhagen,I. W. Relationship between Tomatin and Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1969 59 1 14 & PT: J 0031-949X A1969C448500030 Journal Article Momol,M. T.;Ugine,J. D.;Norelli,J. L.;Aldwinckle,H. S. The effect of prohexadione calcium, SAR inducers, and calcium on the control of shoot blight caused by Erwinia amylovora on apple Acta Horticulturae Acta Hort. 1999 489 601 605 Report Momol,T.;Pradhanang,P.;Lopes,C. A. Bacterial wilt of pepper 2001 Fact Sheet PP-103 4 University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Florida, U. S. Book, Section Monma,S.;Sakata,Y. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato 1993 149 153 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Monma,S.;Sakata,Y.;Matsunaga,H. Inheritance and selection efficiency of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato Jarq-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 1997 JUL 31 3 195 204 PT: J 0021-3551 A1997XN91100006 Journal Article Montanelli,C.;Chiari,A.;Chiari,T.;Stefanini,F.;Nascari,G. Evaluation of resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in potato under controlled conditions Euphytica Euphytica 1995 81 35 43 Journal Article Montanelli,C.;Stefanini,F. M.;Chiari,A.;Chiari,T.;Nascari,G. Variability in response to Pseudomonas solanacearum of transgenic lines of potato carrying a cecropin gene analogue Potato research Potato Res. 1995 38 371 378 Journal Article Morgado,H. S.;Lopes,C. A.;Takatsu,A. Methods for Evaluating Eggplant Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 1994 FEB 29 2 237 245 PT: J 0100-204X A1994MZ41300009 Journal Article Mori,T.;Ozaki,K.;Matsusaki,H.;Matsuzoe,N. Behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium grown in aseptic culture Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2007 73 2 142 146 Journal Article Moura,A. B.;Romeiro,R. D. S.;Neves,M. C. P. Bioassay for massal assessing of antagonistic actinomycetes against Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato crop Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 1998 DEC 33 12 2065 2072 PT: J 0100-204X 000078333800015 Journal Article Mukaihara,Takafumi;Tamura,Naoyuki;Iwabuchi,Masaki Genome-wide identification of a large repertoire of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector proteins by a new functional screen. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2010 MAR 23 3 251 262 PV. TOMATO DC3000;SECRETION SYSTEM EFFECTORS;REGULATED GENE-PRODUCTS;GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA;PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE;PATHOGENICITY GENES;TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS;HRP REGULON;CELLS;HOST;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Plant Sciences The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum utilizes the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause disease in plants. To determine the entire repertoire of effector proteins possessed by R. solanacearum RS1000, we constructed a transposon carrying a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter that can be used to specifically detect rip (Ralstonia protein injected into plant cells) genes by monitoring the cAMP level in plant leaves inoculated with insertion mutants. From the new functional screen using this transposon, we identified 38 new Rip proteins translocated into plant cells via the Hrp T3SS. In addition, most of the 34 known effectors of RS1000 could be detected by the screen, except for three effectors that appear to be small in size or only weakly expressed. Finally, we identified 72 Rips in RS1000, which include 68 effector proteins classified into over 50 families and four extracellular components of the Hrp T3SS. Interestingly, one-third of the effectors are specific to R. solanacearum. Many effector proteins contain various repeated amino acid sequences or known enzyme motifs. We also show that most of the R. solanacearum effector proteins, but not Hrp extracellular components, require an Hrp-associated protein, HpaB, for their effective translocation into plant cells. PT: J; NR: 61; TC: 0; J9: MOL PLANT MICROBE INTERACTION; PG: 12; GA: 550OW AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0894-0282 [Mukaihara, Takafumi; Tamura, Naoyuki; Iwabuchi, Masaki] Okayama RIBS, Okayama 7161241, Japan.; Mukaihara, T, Okayama RIBS, 7549-1 Yoshikawa,Kibichuo Cho, Okayama 7161241, Japan.; mukaihara@bio-ribs.com 000274138700002 English Article 10.1094/MPMI-23-3-0251 Journal Article Mukaihara,T.;Tamura,N.;Murata,Y.;Iwabuchi,M. Genetic screening of Hrp type III-related pathogenicity genes controlled by the HrpB transcriptional activator in Ralstonia solanacearum Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2004 NOV 54 4 863 875 PT: J 0950-382X 000224858300003 Journal Article Mukaihara,Takafumi;Tamura,Naoyuki Identification of novel Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector proteins through translocation analysis of hrpB-regulated gene products Microbiology-Sgm Microbiology-(UK) 2009 JUL 155 2235 2244 PV. TOMATO DC3000;PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE;SECRETION SYSTEM;PATHOGENICITY GENES;GENOMEWIDE IDENTIFICATION;TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS;HOST PLANTS;F-BOX;CELLS;BACTERIA;Microbiology The Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS) is essential for the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum on host plants. Hrp TTSS is a specialized secretion system that injects virulence proteins, the so-called type III effector proteins, into plant cells. In R. solanacearum, the expression of Hrp TTSS-related genes is regulated by an AraC-type transcriptional activator, HrpB. We have identified 30 hrpB-regulated hpx (hrpB-dependent expression) genes and three well-known hrpB-regulated genes, popA, popB and popC, as candidate effector genes in R. solanacearum strain RS1000. In this study, we newly cloned 11 additional candidate effector genes that share homology with known hpx genes from R. solanacearum RS1000. Using a Cya reporter system, we investigated the translocation of these 44 gene products into plant cells via the Hrp TTSS and identified 34 effector proteins. These include three effector families composed of more than four members, namely the Hpx4, Hpx30 and GALA families. The Hpx30 family effectors are 2200-2500 aa in size and appear to be the largest class of effector proteins among animal- and plant-pathogenic bacteria. Members of this family contain 12-18 tandem repeats of a novel 42 aa motif, designated SKWP repeats. PT: J; NR: 52; TC: 0; J9: MICROBIOLOGY-SGM; PN: Part 7; PG: 10; GA: 473EU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY READING; MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND 1350-0872 [Mukaihara, Takafumi; Tamura, Naoyuki] Okayama RIBS, Res Inst Biol Sci, Okayama 7161241, Japan.; Mukaihara, T, Okayama RIBS, Res Inst Biol Sci, 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Okayama 7161241, Japan.; mukaihara@bio-ribs.com 000268189600013 English Article 10.1099/mic.0.027763-0 Journal Article Mukhtar,M. S.;Deslandes,L.;Auriac,M. C.;Marco,Y.;Somssich,I. E. The Arabidopsis transcription factor WRKY27 influences wilt disease symptom development caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Journal Plant Journal 2008 56 6 935 947 WRKY transcription factors play a key role in modulating the plant defense transcriptome. Here we show that the Arabidopsis mutant wrky27-1, which lacks a functional WRKY27 transcription factor, showed delayed symptom development in response to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Additionally, wrky27-1 plants did not express PR marker genes upon infection, as also observed in resistant Nd-1 plants. Spatial expression of WRKY27 correlated well with the route of bacterial infection and propagation in planta. Complementation experiments restored both the early wilting phenotype of wild-type Col-1 plants and activation of PR genes, not only when the WRKY27 cDNA is expressed under the control of the native promoter, but also when the SUC2 promoter was used, suggesting that WRKY27 exerts its function in phloem companion cells. Expression studies identified genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) generation as potential targets of negative regulation by WRKY27. Our results show that WRKY27 negatively influences symptom development of a vascular pathogen, possibly by affecting signaling or trafficking between the phloem and the xylem. Journal Article Muller,P.;Parusel,R. Investigation and control of potato brown rot in Germany, especially in Bayern Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 519 524 Journal Article Muller,T. A.;Werlen,C.;Spain,J.;van der Meer,J. R. Evolution of a chlorobenzene degradative pathway among bacteria in a contaminated groundwater mediated by a genomic island in Ralstonia Environmental microbiology Environ. Microbiol. 2003 MAR 5 3 163 173 PT: J 1462-2912 000181027200003 Journal Article Murata,Y.;Tamura,N.;Nakaho,K.;Mukaihara,T. Mutations in the IrpE gene of Ralstonia solanacearum affects Hrp Pili production and virulence Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2006 AUG 19 8 884 895 PT: J 0894-0282 000239124000006 Journal Article Mutasa,E. S.;Chwarszczynska,D. M.;Asher,M. J. C. Single-tubed, nested PCR for the diagnosis of Polymyxa betae infection in sugar beet roots and colorimetric analysis of amplified products Phytopathology Phytopathology 1996 86 493 497 Journal Article Mwangi,J. K.;Nyende,A. B.;Demo,P.;Matiru,V. N. Detection of latent infection by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato (Solanum tuberosum) using stems instead of tubers African Journal of Biotechnology Afric. J. Biotechnol. 2008 7 11 1644 1649 The potential of using stems for the detection of latent infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) was studied. Forty plants each were collected from four farms with bacterial wilt incidence below 4% in two growing seasons (season A and season B of 2005). The tubers of all the selected plants including 10 cm of the all lower stems were collected. Samples were taken to the laboratory for indexing against R. solanacearum (Rs) using ELISA techniques. The Rs status of each of the composite samples of all the tubers and of stems was determined and then correlation coefficients computed. There was a notable difference in the percentage number of samples per farm with particular categories of R. solanacearum status. When stems were compared to tubers for detection of Rs, an average r-value of 0.4 was obtained when r-values for the four different farms were averaged. The lowest r-value recorded was 0.2 while the highest was 0.5. When individual farms were considered it was only in one farm out of the four that r was not significant (p = 0.2). Overall the r-value was significant (p < 0.05). These results indicate that there is scope for adoption of stems as an alternative sample to tubers for indexing against R. solanacearum in potato tuber seed certification schemes more so in screening for presence of R. solanacearum in seed potato fields. However, although significant, the low r-value calls for more investigations to be done prior to final recommendation on use of stems from potato fields. Journal Article Naidoo,S.;Fouche,J. P.;Denby,K. J.;Berger,D. K. Investigating resistance against the causal agent of bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana South African Journal of Science S. Afr. J. Sci. 2007 JAN-FEB 103 1-2 VII VIII PT: J 0038-2353 000247522200044 Journal Article Nakaho,K. Distribution and multiplication of Ralstonia solanacearum in stem-inoculated tomato rootstock cultivar LS-89 resistant to bacterial wilt Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1997 63 341 344 Journal Article Nakaho,K. Distribution and multiplication of Ralstonia solanacearum (synonym Pseudomonas solanacearum) in tomato plants of resistant rootstock cultivar LS-89 and susceptible Ponderosa Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1997 63 83 88 Journal Article Nakaho,K.;Allen,C. A pectinase-deficient Ralstonia solanacearum strain induces reduced and delayed structural defences in tomato xylem Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2009 APR 2009 157 4 228 234 It has been suggested that oligogalacturonides (OGAs) released by bacterial pectinases can induce plant defence responses. To test this hypothesis, resistant tomato cultivar LS-89 and susceptible cultivar Ponderosa were inoculated with either wild-type Ralstonia solanacearum strain K60 or a pectinase-deficient triple mutant K60-509, which lacks endo-polygalacturonase PehA, exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase PehB, and pectin methylesterase Pme. K60 induced structural defence responses, including electron-dense materials (EDMs) in vessels and apposition layers (ALs) in parenchyma cells adjacent to xylem vessels colonized by bacteria in LS-89 stems. In contrast, LS-89 infected with K60-509 did not have any EDMs in vessels at 4 days after inoculation (DAI), and had them only rarely at 7 DAI. In LS-89 infected with K60-509, ALs were rarely observed in parenchyma cells adjacent to vessels at 4 DAI, and while they were present at 7 DAI, they were thinner than ALs induced by K60. The bacterial density in LS-89 stems infected with K60-509 was lower than in stems infected with K60 at 4 DAI, but the strains reached similar population sizes by 7 DAI, showing the pectinase-deficient mutant colonized resistant stems more slowly than did the wild-type strain. Vessels infected with K60-509 contained fewer EDMs at 7 DAI than were observed at either 4 or 7 DAI in vessels colonized by K60, although bacterial density in the xylem tissues containing K60-509 at 7 DAI was about the same as in the xylem tissues containing K60 at 4 DAI. Neither the wild-type strain nor the pectinase-deficient mutant induced these histopathological changes on susceptible cultivar Ponderosa. These results indicate that R. solanacearum pectinases play some role in eliciting histopathological changes in LS-89, likely by releasing OGAs that trigger plant structural defences. Journal Article Nakaho,K.;Hibino,H.;Miyagawa,H. Possible mechanisms limiting movement of Ralstonia solanacearum in resistant tomato tissues Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2000 148 181 190 Journal Article Nakaho,K.;Inoue,H.;Takayama,T.;Miyagawa,H. Distribution and multiplication of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato plants with resistance derived from different origins Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2004 70 11 119 Book, Section Nakaho,K.;Takaya,S. Resistance of tomato rootstock cultivars to Pseudomonas solanacearum evaluated by infection rate under different testing conditions 1993 138 141 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Nakamura,K.;Ishida,H.;Iizumi,T. Constitutive trichloroethylene degradation led by tac promoter chromosomally integrated upstream of phenol hydroxylase genes of Ralstonia sp KN1 and its nucleotide sequence analysis Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2000 JAN 89 1 47 54 PT: J 1389-1723 000085676600007 Journal Article Nakatsu,C. H.;Korona,R.;Lenski,R. E.;De Bruijn,F. J.;Marsh,T. L.;Forney,L. J. Parallel and divergent genotypic evolution in experimental populations of Ralstonia sp. Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1998 SEP 180 17 4325 4331 PT: J 0021-9193 000075619100001 Journal Article Nakazawa-Nasu,Y.;Kitanosono,S.;Hasegawa,H.;Okunoya,K.;Yaegaki,F.;Suzuki,K.;Hikichi,Y.;Okuno,T. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum using tissue printing immunoassay Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1999 65 5 549 552 Journal Article Narusaka,Y.;Narusaka,M.;Horio,T.;Ishii,H. Induction of disease resistance in cucumber by acibenzolar-S-methyl and expression of resistance-related genes Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1999 65 2 116 122 Journal Article Nedwell,D. B. Effect of low temperature on microbial growth: lowered affinity for substrates limitis growth at low temperature. FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1999 30 101 111 Journal Article Nesmith,W. C.;Jenkins Jr.,S. F. Influence of antagonists and controlled matric potential on the survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum in four North Carolina soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1985 75 1182 1187 Journal Article Nesmith,W. C.;Jenkins Jr.,S. F. A Selective medium for the isolation and quantification of Pseudomonas solanacearum from soil Phytopathology Phytopathology 1979 69 2 182 185 Journal Article Nesmith,W. C.;Jenkins Jr.,S. F. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum in selected North Carolina soils Phytopathology Phytopathology 1983 73 1300 1304 Journal Article Nesmith,W. C.;Jenkins,S. F. Effect of Inoculum Density of Pseudomonas-Solanacearum in Soil on the Bacterial Wilt Incidence in Tomato Phytopathology Phytopathology 1981 71 8 897 897 PT: J 0031-949X A1981MD74100410 Journal Article Nielsen,L. W. Longevity of Pseudomonas solanacearum in potato tubers and culture in cold storage American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1963 40 344 348 Journal Article Nielsen,L. W.;Haynes Jr.,F. L. Resistance in Solanum turberosum to Pseudomonas solanacearum American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1960 37 260 267 Journal Article Niepold,F. Efficiency surveys of the peracids Degaclean and Clarmarin in combination with the catalase inhibitor KH10 from the Degussa company for eradicating the two quarantine bacteria Clavibacter michiganensis ssp sepedonicus and Ralstonia solanacearum in an aqueous suspension and in the sewage water of the starch industry Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1999 DEC 147 11-12 625 634 PT: J 0931-1785 000084713500001 Journal Article Niepold,F. A simple and fast extraction procedure to obtain amplifyable DNA from Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) Solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp sepedonicus inoculated potato tuber extracts and naturally infected tubers to conduct a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 1999 APR 147 4 249 256 PT: J 0931-1785 000080822800009 Journal Article Nies,D. H. Heavy metal-resistant bacteria as extremophiles: molecular physiology and biotechnological use of Ralstonia sp CH34 Extremophiles Extremophiles 2000 APR 4 2 77 82 PT: J 1431-0651 000086775200002 Journal Article Nion,Y. A.;Toyota,K. Suppression of bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt by a Burkholderia nodosa strain isolated from Kalimantan soils, Indonesia Microbes and Environments Microbes Environ. 2008 23 2 134 141 A trial was conducted to suppress bacterial wilt of tomato (BWT) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum using biocontrol agents (BCAs) isolated from soils in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Five isolates were selected from 270 isolates as better performing BCAs through screening four times using a pumice medium. The isolates selected were identified as Burkholderia nodosa, Burkholderia sacchari, Burkholderia pyrrocinia and Burkholderia terricola according to 16S rDNA sequences, fatty acid composition and carbon source utilization patterns. Among them, B. nodosa G5.2.rif1 had significant suppressive effects on Fusarium wilt of tomato (FWT) and spinach (FWS) as well as BWT. When B. nodosa G5.2rif1 was inoculated into a pumice medium in combination with sucrose, it showed even more stable disease suppression for BWT, but not for FWS. This suppression was considered to mainly occur through competition for nutrients. In two times greenhouse experiments for BWT using pots comparable in size to those used commercially, B. nodosa G5.2rif1 significantly suppressed the disease index by 33-79%, with no inhibitory effects on the growth, yield and quality of tomatoes. Book, Section Nirmaladevi,S.;Tikoo,S. K. Studies on genetic resistance to bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode in tomato 1993 163 169 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Nishi,T.;Tajima,T.;Noguchi,S.;Ajisaka,H.;Negishi,H. Identification of DNA markers of tobacco linked to bacterial wilt resistance Theoretical and Applied Genetics Theor. Appl. Genet. 2003 FEB 106 4 765 770 PT: J 0040-5752 000181651700025 Journal Article Nishiyama,M.;Shiomi,Y.;Suzuki,S.;Marumoto,T. Suppression of growth of Ralstonia solanacearum, tomato bacterial wilt agent, on/in tomato seedlings cultivated in a suppressive soil Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1999 45 79 87 Journal Article Noda,H.;Vonderpahlen,A.;Dasilvafilho,D. F. Evaluation of the Resistance of Tomato Progenies to Bacterial Wilt in Soil Naturally Infested with Pseudomonas-Solanacearum (Smith) Dows Revista Brasileira de Genetica Rev. Bras. Genet. 1986 MAR 9 1 55 66 PT: J 0100-8455 A1986D826100005 Journal Article Nonomura,T.;Matsuda,Y.;Tsuda,M.;Uranaka,K.;Toyoda,H. Susceptibility of commercial tomato cultivars to bacterial wilt in hydroponic system Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2001 67 224 227 Journal Article Nonomura,T.;Matsuda,Y.;Bingo,M.;Onishi,M.;Matsuda,K.;Harada,S.;Toyoda,H. Algicidal effect of 3-(3-indolyl)butanoic acid, a control agent of the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum Crop Protection 2001 DEC 20 10 935 939 PT: J 0261-2194 000172625100008 Journal Article Norman,D. J.;Yuen,J. M. F. First report of Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum infecting pot Anthurium production in Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1999 83 300 Journal Article Norman,D. J.;Yuen,J. M. F. A distinct pathotype of Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 1, biovar 1 entering Florida in pothos (Epipremnum aureum) cuttings Canadian journal of Plant Pathology Can. J. Plant Pathol. 1998 20 171 175 Journal Article Norman,D. J.;Yuen,J. M. F.;Resendiz,R.;Boswell,J. Characterization of Erwinia populations from nursery retention ponds and lakes infection ornamental plants in Florida Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2003 87 193 196 Journal Article Norman,J. C.;Yuen,J. M. F.;Donahoo,R. J.;Resendiz,R. Screening of chemicals for the control of bacterial wilt of geranium Phytopathology Phytopathology 2004 94 6 S77 Journal Article Norman,D. J.;Chen,J.;Yuen,J. M. F.;Mangravita-Novo,A.;Byrne,D.;Walsh,L. Control of bacterial wilt of geranium with phosphorous acid Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2006 90 798 802 Journal Article Norman,D. J.;Yuen,J. M.;Mangravita-Novo,A.;Duan,P. Y.;Gabriel,D. W. Variation in pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains in relation to their ability to cause disease during periods of cold temperature Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 97 7 S85 Journal Article Norman,David J.;Huang,Qi;Yuen,Jeanne M. F.;Mangravita-Novo,Arianna;Byrne,Drew Susceptibility of geranium cultivars to Ralstonia solanacearum HortScience HortScience 2009 AUG 44 5 1504 1508 Ralstonia solanacearum;Pelargonium xhortorum;Pelargonium peltatum;Pelargonium xdomesticum;Pelargonium spp.;geranium;bacterial wilt;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;PCR ASSAY;BIOVAR-2;STRAINS;RACE-3;AMPLIFICATION;CUTTINGS;POTATO;AFLP;Horticulture Sixty-one cultivars of geraniums, including zonal, regal, ivy, and scented, were tested for susceptibility to three strains of Ralstonia solanacearum: a race 1, biovar 1 (R1B1) strain P597 isolated from tomato in Florida, a R1B1 strain P673 obtained from pothos originated from Costa Rica, and a race 3, biovar 2 (R3B2) strain UW551 isolated from geranium imported from Kenya. These three strains represent populations of R. solanacearum found in the United States or imported with infected plant propagative material. A genomic comparison of the geranium cultivars was also done using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Both R1B1 strains were more virulent than the R3B2 strain, producing wilt symptoms on most cultivars of zonal, regal, and ivy types. Variation in susceptibility of geranium cultivars to the two R1B1 strains was observed. The R3B2 strain UW551 had a much more restricted host range and was not able to infect most regal geranium cultivars when applied as a soil drench. Man), of the scented cultivars were found to be resistant to all three strains of R. solanacearum when tested using the drench inoculation method. However, most scented cultivars were found to be susceptible when plants were wound-inoculated. The greatest variation in type of resistance was observed between the scented geranium cultivars and specific strains of R. solanacearum. PT: J; NR: 27; TC: 0; J9: HORTSCIENCE; PG: 5; GA: 487KS AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE ALEXANDRIA; 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA 0018-5345 [Norman, David J.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Longwood, FL 32703 USA. [Huang, Qi] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yuen, Jeanne M. F.; Mangravita-Novo, Arianna; Byrne, Drew] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA.; Norman, DJ, Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, 2725 Binion Rd, Longwood, FL 32703 USA.; djn@ufl.edu 000269273400061 English Article Journal Article Norman,David J.;Zapata,Mildred;Gabriel,Dean W.;Duan,Y. P.;Yuen,Jeanne M. F.;Mangravita-Novo,Arianna;Donahoo,Ryan S. Genetic diversity and host range variation of Ralstonia solanacearum strains entering North America Phytopathology Phytopathology 2009 SEP 99 9 1070 1077 bacterial wilt;FAME;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;RACE 1;BIOVAR-2;GERANIUM;AFLP;PCR;IDENTIFICATION;XANTHOMONAS;SEQUENCES;Plant Sciences Each year, large volumes of ornamental and food plant propagative stock are imported into the North America; occasionally, Ralstonia solanacearum is found systemically infecting this plant material. In this study, 107 new R. solanacearum strains were collected over a 10-year period from imported propagative stock and compared with 32 previously characterized R. solanacearum strains using repetitive polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) element (BOX, ERIC, and REP) primers. Additional strain comparisons were made by sequencing the endoglucanase and the cytochrome b561 genes. Using rep-PCR primers, populations could be distinguished by biovar and, to a limited extent, country of origin and original host. Similarity coefficients among rep-PCR clusters within biovars were relatively low in many cases, indicating that disease outbreaks over time may have been caused by different clonal populations. Similar population differentiations of R. solanacearum were obtained when comparing strain sequences using either the endoglucanase or cytochrome b561 genes. We found that most of the new biovar 1 strains of R. solanacearum entering the United States were genetically distinct from the biovar 1 strains currently found infecting vegetable production. These introduced biovar 1 strains also had a broader host range and could infect not only tomato, tobacco, and potato but also anthurium and pothos and cause symptoms on banana. All introductions into North America of race 3, biovar 2 strains in the last few years have been linked to geranium production and appeared to be clonal. PT: J; NR: 42; TC: 0; J9: PHYTOPATHOLOGY; PG: 8; GA: 482HX AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0031-949X [Norman, David J.; Yuen, Jeanne M. F.; Mangravita-Novo, Arianna] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Zapata, Mildred] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Gabriel, Dean W.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Duan, Y. P.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Donahoo, Ryan S.] USDA ARS, USVL, Charleston, SC USA.; Norman, DJ, Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Bin Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA.; djn@ufl.edu 000268876800008 English Article 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1070 Journal Article Notomi,Tsugunori;Okayama,Hiroto;Masubuchi,Harumi;Yonekawa,Toshihiro;Watanabe,Keiko;Amino,Nobuyuki;Hase,Tetsu Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA Nucleic Acids Research Nucl. Ac. Res. 2000 June 15 28 12 e63 We have developed a novel method, termed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), that amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions. This method employs a DNA polymerase and a set of four specially designed primers that recognize a total of six distinct sequences on the target DNA. An inner primer containing sequences of the sense and antisense strands of the target DNA initiates LAMP. The following strand displacement DNA synthesis primed by an outer primer releases a single-stranded DNA. This serves as template for DNA synthesis primed by the second inner and outer primers that hybridize to the other end of the target, which produces a stem-loop DNA structure. In subsequent LAMP cycling one inner primer hybridizes to the loop on the product and initiates displacement DNA synthesis, yielding the original stem-loop DNA and a new stem-loop DNA with a stem twice as long. The cycling reaction continues with accumulation of 109 copies of target in less than an hour. The final products are stem-loop DNAs with several inverted repeats of the target and cauliflower-like structures with multiple loops formed by annealing between alternately inverted repeats of the target in the same strand. Because LAMP recognizes the target by six distinct sequences initially and by four distinct sequences afterwards, it is expected to amplify the target sequence with high selectivity. 1362-4962 10.1093/nar/28.12.e63 Journal Article Nouri,S.;Bahar,M.;Fegan,M. Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum causing potato bacterial wilt in Iran and the first record of phylotype II/biovar 2T strains outside South America Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2009 APR 2009 58 2 243 249 The diversity of 40 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of potato in the major potato-growing areas of Iran was assessed. Based on rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting, strains fell into two distinct groups. The first group contained 37 of the 40 strains and the second consisted of three strains from a narrow tropical region in Iran. The three strains from the narrow tropical region were found to be phenotypically and genotypically most similar to R. solanacearum biovar 2T strains, whereas all other strains were phenotypically and genotypically identified as being R. solanacearum biovar 2/race 3. Phylogenetic analysis of endoglucanase gene sequence information of two of the strains from the tropical region revealed that they belonged to phylotype II of the R. solanacearum species complex and had 100% sequence similarity to a biovar 2T strain from potato in Peru. This is the first report of the presence of R. solanacearum phylotype II/biovar 2T in Iran and the first report of the existence of this group of R. solanacearum outside South America. Journal Article Nyangeri,J. B.;Gathuru,E. M.;Mukunya,D. M. Effect of latent infection on the spread of bacterial wilt of potatoes in Kenya Tropical Pest Management Trop. Pest Manag. 1984 30 2 163 165 Journal Article Obrero,F. P.;Aragaki,M.;Trujillo,E. E. Tomato Bacterial Wilt - Inoculation of Susceptible Scions Grafted to Resistant Rootstock Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1971 55 6 521 & PT: J 0032-0811 A1971J795400019 Journal Article Occhialini,A.;Cunnac,S.;Reymond,N.;Genin,S.;Boucher,C. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in Ralstonia solanacearum reveals that the hrpB gene acts as a regulatory switch controlling multiple virulence pathways Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2005 SEP 18 9 938 949 PT: J 0894-0282 000231439900006 Journal Article OEPP/EPPO Ralstonia solanacearum Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 2004 08/21 34 2 173 178 M3: doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2004.00715.x Conference Proceedings Ofuya,C. O.;Wood,R. K. S. Pathogenicity and biochemical characteristics of isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum in Nigeria 1978 2 835 840 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria Angers, France INRA Angers, France Book, Section Ogram,A.;Feng,X. Methods of soil microbial community analysis Manual of Environmental Microbiology 1997 46 422 430 Hurst,C. J. Manual of Environmental Microbiology ASM Press Washington, U. S. Journal Article Ohnishi,K.;Yoshimochi,T.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y. Molecular mechanism of negative regulation of the hrp regulon in plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Genes & Genetic Systems Genes Genet. Syst. 2004 DEC 79 6 402 1C-06 PT: J 1341-7568 000228241800137 Journal Article Okabe,N. Population changes of Pseudomonas solanacearum and soil microorganisms in artificially infested natural field soil Review of Plant Protection Research Rev. Plant Protect. Res. 1971 4 105 ? Journal Article Olsson,K. Experience of Brown Rot caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum EPPO Bulletin EPPO Bull. 1976 6 4 199 207 Journal Article Ono,K. Ecological studies on the bacterial wilt of tobacco, caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith. III Distribution and spread of pathogen in infested tobacco field under rainfall Bulletin of Okayama Tobacco Experimental Station Bull. Okayama Tob. Expt. Sta. 1983 42 149 153 Journal Article Ooshiro,A.;Takaesu,K.;Natsume,M.;Taba,S.;Nasu,K.;Uehara,M.;Muramoto,Y. Identification and use of a wild plant with antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, the cause of bacterial wilt of potato Weed Biology and Management Weed Biol. Manage. 2004 4 187 194 Conference Proceedings Opena,R. T.;Hartman,G. L.;Chen,J. T.;Yang,C. H. Breeding for bacterial wilt resistance in tropical tomato 1990 March, 20-23 5 44 50 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on plant protection in the tropics Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia MPPS Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Journal Article Orlina-Villareal,M. E.;Opina,N. L.;Raymundo,A. K. A hypervirulent isolate identified from a race 1 Ralstonia solanacearum, strain from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. L-180). Philippine Agricultural Scientist 91 (1): 94-98. Philippine Agricultural Scientist Philipp. Agric. Sci. 2008 91 1 94 98 Results of inoculation of 10 Ralstonia solanacearum strains to resistant (Hawaii 7996, C108, 508), moderately resistant (Improved Pope, L-180-1) and susceptible (Yellow Plum, L390) tomato cultivars revealed four of the strains to be the most virulent based on their wilting percentages. The four strains were then compared by reisolation from the inoculated plants, DNA extraction-and repetitive extragenic palindromic - polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) fingerprinting. Out of the 542 fingerprinted DNA samples from reisolations, two of the strains, one of which was T523, had isolates which manifested variable REP fingerprints. An isolate, T523-731, had a missing 0.4 kb band and additional bands of about 0.7 kb and 0.45 kb. Reinoculation of T523-731 on the same set of tomato cultivars resulted in an average wilting of 96% on two resistant cultivars (C108 and 508) and 17% on the highly resistant cultivar Hawaii 7996. In contrast, reinoculation of an isolate (T523-726) that exhibited the fingerprint of the parent strain, resulted in 16.7% wilting in cv. 508 but did not cause wilting in cvs. C-108 and Hawaii 7996. The parent strain T523 caused 3% wilting in cv. 508, and similarly did not cause wilting in cvs. C108 and Hawaii 7996. Similar results were obtained with a subsequent virulence test. The isolate T523-731 was considered a hypervirulent isolate as it was able to overcome the resistance of the tomato cultivars that were earlier found to be highly resistant to bacterial wilt. Journal Article Ozakman,M.;Schaad,N. W. A real-time BIO-PCR assay for detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, in asymptomatic potato tubers Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology Can. J. Plant Pathol. 2003 SEP 25 3 232 239 PT: J 0706-0661 000186079700002 Journal Article Ozawa,H.;Tanaka,H.;Ichinose,Y.;Shiraishi,T.;Yamada,T. Bacteriophage P4282, a parasite of Ralstonia solanacearum, encodes a bacteriolytic protein important for lytic infection of its host Molecular Genetics and Genomics 2001 MAR 265 1 95 101 PT: J 1617-4615 000169644300012 Journal Article Pacumbaba,R. P.;Beyl,C. A.;Pacumbaba Jr.,R. O. Shiitake mycelial leachate supresses growth of some bacterial species and symptoms of bacterial wilt of tomato and lima bean in vitro Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1999 83 20 23 Journal Article Palleroni,N. J.;Doudoroff,M. Phenotypic charcterization and deoxyribonucleic acid homologies of Pseudomonas solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1971 107 690 696 Journal Article Palleroni,N. J.;Kunisawa,R.;Contopoulou,R.;Doudoroff,M. Nucleic acid homologies in the genus Pseudomonas. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1973 23 4 333 339 Journal Article Pandey,G.;Chauhan,A.;Samanta,S. K.;Jain,R. K. Chemotaxis of a Ralstonia sp SJ98 toward co-metabolizable nitroaromatic compounds Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002 DEC 6 299 3 404 409 PT: J 0006-291X 000179818000012 Journal Article Paquin,R.;Lachance,R. A. Amino Nutrition of Corynebacterium-Sepedonicum (Spieck. Et Kott.) Skapt. Et Burkh. and Resistance of Potato to Bacterial Wilt Disease Canadian journal of microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 1970 16 8 719 & PT: J 0008-4166 A1970H018500013 Journal Article Paret,M. L.;de Silva,A.;Alvarez,A. M. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 4, with micro-sized, bio-indicator plants in the Zingiberaceae family Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S89 S89 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470000548 Journal Article Paret,M. L.;de Silva,A. S.;Alvarez,A. M. Bioindicators for Ralstonia solanacearum race 4: plants in the Zingiberaceae and Costaceae families Australasian Plant Pathology Austral. Plant Pathol. 2009 38 1 6 12 Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) race 4 causes bacterial wilt of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) and limits crop production in the tropics. The use of bioindicator plants was investigated as a method for determining whether or not a field is contaminated with Rs race 4 before replanting with a susceptible crop. Tissue-cultured edible ginger (TCG), micro-sized red ginger (Alpinia purpurata; RG) and micro-sized spiral ginger (Costus barbatus; SG) were evaluated for suitability for detection of Rs race 4. Candidate hosts were planted into the infested medium, and Rs populations in plant tissues, potting medium and drainage water were evaluated by viable plate counts and Immunostrips using a species-specific monoclonal antibody. TCG wilted completely within an average of 9 days at the highest (log 8 cfu/mL) level of inoculum, and within 19 days at the lowest (log 4 cfu/mL) inoculum level. RG wilted in 17-26 and SG in 29-39 days. The final populations of Rs race 4 in wilted TCG tissues, potting medium and drainage water were between log 8.8-9.3 cfu/g, log 7.0-7.4 cfu/g and log 4.8-5.0 cfu/mL, respectively, regardless of the initial population levels. RG and SG did not enhance Rs population levels as well as TCG. On average, the bioindicator hosts increased the Rs populations by 100 to 1000-fold, thereby enabling detection with a simple immunodiagnostic test. Journal Article Paret,M. L.;Kratky,B. A.;Alvarez,A. M. Biofumigation with plant essential oils for bacterial wilt management of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race (uncomplete title ?) HortScience HortScience 2008 43 4 1225 Journal Article Paret,M. L.;Kubota,R.;Jenkins,D. M.;Alvarez,A. M. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 in field samples using a combination of serological and molecular assays Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S120 Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 (Rs) causes bacterial wilt of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale). Serological and DNA-based assays were evaluated for detecting low populations of Rs in soil and effluent water. Rs strain A4515 was poured over soils containing wounded and non-wounded gingers. Survival of Rs in effluent water and/or soil samples was analysed for 150–180 days after inoculation (DAI) by viable plate counts, ELISA, PCR and LAMP. Soil and effluent water samples also were analyzed by an Immunostrip assay and results were compared with viable plate counts. Recovery of viable Rs was 2 log units higher from soil samples than from effluent water collected from the same pot. ELISA using Ps1, an anti-EPS mAb, showed consistent positive results for effluent water with Rs populations above log 4.0 cfu/mL. An immunostrip assay based on Ps1a, a similar antibody, gave positive results for effluent water when culturing showed Rs populations of log 1 cfu/mL. Likewise, immunostrip results were positive in soil samples containing log 2 cfu/g. Both PCR and LAMP detected Rs in effluent water with populations above log 3 cfu/mL. Rs-EPS was detectable in effluent water till 130 DAI (log 1 cfu/mL) by immunostrips while ELISA, PCR and LAMP assays in effluent water samples detected Rs for only 50 DAI. The immunostrip assay is highly sensitive and can be effectively used in combination with other assays for assessing Rs in field samples. Journal Article Paret,Mathews L.;Cabos,Roxana;Kratky,B. A.;Alvarez,Anne M. Effect of plant essential oils on Ralstonia solanacearum Race 4 and bacterial wilt of edible ginger Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2010 MAY 94 5 521 527 POPULATION-DENSITY;FIELD CONDITIONS;ROOT-KNOT;TOMATO;COMPONENTS;HAWAII;Plant Sciences Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martint), lemongrass (C citratus). and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) this were investigated for their effects on Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 and then potential use as biofumigants for reducing bacterial wilt disease of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) Three concentrations of the oils (0.04, 0.07, and 0.14% vol/vol) were evaluated by culture amendment assays, epifluorescence microscopy, and studies in potting medium In culture amendment assays with palmarosa and lemongrass oils at 0.04%. both oils significantly reduced the growth of the bacterium compared with the control. and at 0.07 and 0.14% they showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth Epifluorescence microscopie observation; showed cell deterioration in 95 to 100% of the cells at all concentrations of palmarosa and lemongrass indicating its bactericidal properties Eucalyptus oil treatments at 0.04 and 0.07, had bacterio-static effects on the cells The pathogen was not detected in R solanacearum-infested potting medium after treatment with palmarosa and lemongrass oils at 0.07 and 0.14% in any of the experiments Bacterial wilt incidence on edible ginger was significantly reduced when planted in essential oil-treated potting medium None of the essential oil treatments reduced the growth or yield of edible ginger grown for 180 days in 5-liter pots PT: J; NR: 25; TC: 0; J9: PLANT DIS; PG: 7; GA: 585ER AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0191-2917 [Alvarez, Anne M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kratky, B. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cabos, Roxana] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Paret, Mathews L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Alvarez, AM, Univ Hawaii Manoa, PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 000276807700005 English Article 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0521 Journal Article Park,E. J.;Lee,S. D.;Chung,E. J.;Lee,M. H.;Um,H. Y.;Murugaiyan,S.;Moon,B. J.;Lee,S. W. MicroTom - A model plant system to study bacterial wilt by Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Pathology Journal Plant Pathol. J. 2007 DEC 23 4 239 244 PT: J 1598-2254 000251312700003 Journal Article Park,K.;Paul,D.;Kim,Y. K.;Nam,K. W.;Lee,Y. K.;Choi,H. W.;Lee,S. Y. Induced systemic resistance by Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 suppressed bacterial wilt in tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Pathology Journal Plant Pathol. J. 2007 MAR 23 1 22 25 PT: J 1598-2254 000248802300005 Journal Article Pastrik,K. H.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Pukall,R. Sequence analysis and detection of Ralstonia solanacearum by multiplex PCR amplification of 16S–23S ribosomal intergenic spacer region with internal positive control European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2002 108 831 842 Journal Article Pastrik,K. H.;Maiss,E. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato tubers by polymerase chain reaction Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2000 148 619 626 Journal Article Paul,D.;Singh,R.;Jain,R. K. Chemotaxis of Ralstonia sp SJ98 towards p-nitrophenol in soil Environmental microbiology Environ. Microbiol. 2006 OCT 8 10 1797 1804 PT: J 1462-2912 000240205200012 Journal Article Peregrine,W. T. H.;Binahmad,K. Grafting - a Simple Technique for Overcoming Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Tropical Pest Management 1982 28 1 71 76 PT: J 0143-6147 A1982NG84900012 Book, Section Perera,K. D. A.;Hartman,G. L.;Poulos,J. M. Inoculation procedures and the evaluation of peppers for resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum 1993 193 199 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Perez,A. S.;Mejia,L.;Fegan,M.;Allen,C. Diversity and distribution of Ralstonia solanacearum strains in Guatemala and rare occurrence of tomato fruit infection Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2008 57 2 320 331 Fifty-nine Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from diverse crops and regions were collected and characterized to determine the distribution and diversity of this soilborne pathogen in Guatemala. Three distinct types were present: a phylotype I, sequevar 14 strain, probably originating from Asia, infecting tomatoes and aubergines at moderate elevations; a phylotype II, sequevar 6 strain of American origin causing Moko disease in lowland banana plantations; and a phylotype II, sequevar 1 (race 3 biovar 2) strain causing brown rot on potatoes, Southern wilt of Pelargonium spp. and bacterial wilt of greenhouse tomatoes at high elevations. These data on strain diversity will inform effective regional efforts to breed for wilt resistance. A sensitive enrichment method did not detect the pathogen in fruits from naturally infected commercial tomato plants in Guatemalan fields and greenhouses, although it was detected in 6% of fruits from a wilt-resistant hybrid. Low numbers of R. solanacearum cells were also infrequently detected in fruits from plants artificially inoculated in the growth chamber with either race 3 biovar 2 or a phylotype II tomato strain. Book, Section Persley,G. J. Ecology of Pseudomonas solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt 1986 71 76 Persley,G. J. Bacterial wilt disease in Asia and the South Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 13 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Persson,P. Successful eradication of Ralstonia solanacearum from Sweden Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 113 119 Journal Article Peter,K. V.;Goth,R. W.;Webb,R. E. Indian hot peppers as new sources of resistance to bacterial wilt, Phytophthora root rot, and root-knot nematode HortScience HortScience 1984 19 277 278 Journal Article Pfund,C.;Tans-Kersten,J.;Dunning,F. M.;Alonso,J. M.;Ecker,J. R.;Allen,C.;Bent,A. F. Flagellin is not a major defense elicitor in Ralstonia solanacearum cells (vol 17, pg 696, 2005) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2005 SEP 18 9 1024 1024 PT: J 0894-0282 000231439900015 Journal Article Pfund,C.;Tans-Kersten,J.;Dunning,F. M.;Alonso,J. M.;Ecker,J. R.;Allen,C.;Bent,A. F. Flagellin is not a major defense elicitor in Ralstonia solanacearum cells or extracts applied to Arabidopsis thaliana Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2004 JUN 17 6 696 706 PT: J 0894-0282 000221537300014 Journal Article Phae,C. G.;Shoda,M.;Kita,N.;Nakano,M.;Ushiyama,K. Biological control of crown and root rot and bacterial wilt of tomato by Bacillus subtilis NB 22 Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1992 58 329 339 Journal Article Picard,C.;Ponsonnet,C.;Paget,E.;Nesme,X.;Simonet,P. Detection and enumeration of bacteria in soil by direct DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992 58 9 2717 2722 Journal Article Plener,Laure;Manfredi,Pablo;Valls,Marc;Genin,Stephane PrhG, a transcriptional regulator responding to growth conditions, is involved in the control of the type III secretion system regulon in Ralstonia solanacearum. Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2010 FEB 192 4 1011 1019 CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA;HRP GENES;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA;PATHOGENICITY GENES;PLANT-CELLS;EXPRESSION;PROTEINS;XANTHOMONAS;PATHWAY;Microbiology The ability of Ralstonia solanacearum to cause disease in plants depends on its type III secretion system (T3SS). The expression of the T3SS and its effector substrates is coordinately controlled by a regulatory cascade, at the bottom of which is HrpB. Transcription of the hrpB gene is activated by a plant-responsive regulator named HrpG, which is a master regulator of a wide array of pathogenicity functions in R. solanacearum. We have identified in the genome of strain GMI1000 a close paralog of hrpG (83% overall similarity at the protein level) that we have named prhG. Despite this high similarity, the expression pattern of prhG is remarkably different from that of hrpG: prhG expression is activated after growth of bacteria in minimal medium but not in the presence of host cells, while hrpG expression is specifically induced in response to plant cell signals. We provide genetic evidence that prhG is a transcriptional regulator that, like hrpG, controls the expression of hrpB and the hrpB-regulated genes under minimal medium conditions. However, the regulatory functions of prhG and hrpG are distinct: prhG has no influence on hrpB expression when the bacteria are in the presence of plant cells, and transcriptomic profiling analysis of a prhG mutant revealed that the PrhG and HrpG regulons have only one pathogenicity target in common, hrpB. Functional complementation experiments indicated that PrhG and HrpG are individually sufficient to activate hrpB expression in minimal medium. Rather surprisingly, a prhG disruption mutant had little impact on pathogenicity, which may indicate that prhG has a minor role in the activation of T3SS genes when R. solanacearum grows parasitically inside the plant. The cross talk between pathogenicity regulatory proteins and environmental signals described here denotes that an intricate network is at the basis of the bacterial disease program. PT: J; NR: 39; TC: 0; J9: J BACTERIOL; PG: 9; GA: 549DF AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY WASHINGTON; 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA 0021-9193 [Plener, Laure; Manfredi, Pablo; Genin, Stephane] INRA, CNRS, LIPM, UMR 2594 441, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Valls, Marc] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.; Genin, S, INRA, CNRS, LIPM, UMR 2594 441, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.; sgenin@toulouse.inra.fr 000274021900012 English Article 10.1128/JB.01189-09 Journal Article Pollmann,K.;Beil,S.;Pieper,D. H. Transformation of chlorinated benzenes and toluenes by Ralstonia sp strain PS12 tecA (tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase) and tecB (chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase) gene products Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001 SEP 67 9 4057 4063 PT: J 0099-2240 000170747100040 Journal Article Pollmann,K.;Kaschabek,S.;Wray,V. I.;Reineke,W.;Pieper,D. H. Metabolism of dichloromethylcatechols as central intermediates in the degradation of dichlorotoluenes by Ralstonia sp strain PS12 Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2002 OCT 184 19 5261 5274 PT: J 0021-9193 000177967000007 Journal Article Posas,M. B.;Toyota,K.;Islam,T. M. D. Inhibition of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum by sugars and amino acids Microbes and Environments Microbes Environ. 2007 22 3 290 296 PT: J 1342-6311 000250217100010 Journal Article Posas,Marylene Bagarinao;Toyota,Koki Mechanism of tomato bacterial wilt suppression in soil amended with lysine Microbes and Environments Microbes Environ. 2010 MAY 28 25 2 83 94 microbial activity;induced systemic resistance;survival;denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE);canonical correspondence analysis (CCA);RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM;BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL;PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS;RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI;MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES;FUNGAL COMMUNITIES;FARMYARD;MANURE;PLANT-PATHOGENS;FUSARIUM-WILT;RHIZOSPHERE;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Microbiology The effect of four amino acids, unutilizable by Ralstonia solanacearum, on tomato bacterial wilt (TBW) was tested in three Japanese soils. Results confirmed our previous findings that the addition (2.5 mg g(-1) soil) of lysine and serine suppressed TBW, but that of tyrosine and valine did not. The number of the pathogen in non-rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil and the rhizoplane was markedly lower in the lysine and serine treatments than in the tyrosine and valine treatments, while the opposite result was obtained for the total bacterial population. Substrate-induced respiration analysis revealed that bacteria became more predominant in the amino acid treatments, especially in lysine. There were no apparent correlations between the microbial activities in soil and the disease index. PCR-DGGE targeting the 16S rRNA gene of the rhizoplane samples from lysine-added Nagoya, Fuchu and Iwate soils revealed 10, 1 and 2 unique bands, respectively, indicating shifts in bacterial community. DGGE patterns in the suppressive treatments belonged to the same cluster while the not suppressive treatments clustered differently. The lower disease incidence of TBW following lysine treatment is likely related to a specific bacterial community in the rhizoplane that developed on the addition of lysine. PT: J; NR: 50; TC: 0; J9: MICROBES ENVIRONMENTS; PG: 12; GA: 602FY JAPANESE SOC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, DEPT BIORESOURCE SCIENCE IBARAKI; C/O DR. HIROYUKI OHTA, SEC, IBARAKI UNIV COLLEGE OF AGRICULT, AMI-MACHI, IBARAKI, JAPAN 1342-6311 [Posas, Marylene Bagarinao; Toyota, Koki] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Grad Sch Bioapplicat & Syst Engn, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan.; Posas, MB, Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Grad Sch Bioapplicat & Syst Engn, 2-24-16 Naka Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan.; kokit@cc.tuat.ac.jp 000278125100003 English Article 10.1264/jsme2.ME09171 Journal Article Poueymiro,M.;Genin,S. Secreted proteins from Ralstonia solanacearum: a hundred tricks to kill a plant Current Opinion in Microbiology Cur. Op. Microbiol. 2009 FEB 2009 12 1 44 52 Genomics, proteomics Sequence analysis of bacterial genomes has revealed a tremendous potential for protein secretion. This is certainly true for the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum which is estimated to export hundreds of proteins through several specialized protein secretion systems. Central to pathogenicity are the Type II and Type III secretion systems both of which serve to export large repertoires of pathogenicity effectors. The distribution and the conservation of Type III effectors into bacterial populations are starting to be unravelled and provide insights into the evolution of virulence functions. Recent advances on the characterization of the GALA and PopP2 proteins illustrate how R. solanacearum Type III effectors subvert host cellular pathways, either by mimicking action of key host proteins or by inducing their subcellular relocalization. Journal Article Poueymiro,Marie;Cunnac,Sebastien;Barberis,Patrick;Deslandes,Laurent;Peeters,Nemo;Cazale-Noel,Anne-Claire;Boucher,Christian;Genin,Stephane Two type III secretion system effectors from Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 determine host-range specificity on tobacco Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2009 MAY 22 5 538 550 HRP GENE-CLUSTER;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;AVIRULENCE GENE;BACTERIAL;WILT;FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS;PLANT-CELLS;PATHOGENICITY;ARABIDOPSIS;VIRULENCE;PROTEINS;Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;Plant Sciences The model pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 is the causal agent of the bacterial wilt disease that attacks many solanaceous plants and other hosts but not tobacco (Nicotiana spp.). We found that two type III secretion system effector genes, avrA and popP1, are limiting the host range of strain GMI1000 on at least three tobacco species (N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, and N. glutinosa). Both effectors elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) on these tobacco species, although in different manners; AvrA is the major determinant recognized by N. tabacum and N. benthamiana, while PopP1 appears to be the major HR elicitor on N. glutinosa. Only the double inactivation of the avrA and popP1 genes allowed GMI1000 to wilt tobacco plants, thus showing that GMI1000 intrinsically possesses the functions necessary to wilt tobacco plants. A focused analysis on AvrA revealed that the first 58 N-terminal amino acids are sufficient to direct its injection into plant cells. We identified a hypervariable region in avrA, which contains variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR), each composed of 12 base pairs. We show that an 18–amino acid region in which the VNTR insertion occurs is an important domain involved in HR elicitation on N. benthamiana. avrA appears to be the target of various DNA insertions or mobile elements that probably allow R. solanacearum to evade the recognition and defense responses of tobacco. PT: J; NR: 58; TC: 0; J9: MOL PLANT MICROBE INTERACTION; PG: 13; GA: 430KA AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0894-0282 [Poueymiro, Marie; Cunnac, Sebastien; Barberis, Patrick; Deslandes, Laurent; Peeters, Nemo; Cazale-Noel, Anne-Claire; Boucher, Christian; Genin, Stephane] INRA, CNRS, UMR 2594 441, LIPM, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.; Genin, S, INRA, CNRS, UMR 2594 441, LIPM, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.; sgenin@toulouse.inra.fr 000264986800006 English Article 10.1094/MPMI-22-5-0538 Journal Article Poussier,S.;Cheron,J. J.;Couteau,A.;Luisetti,J. Evaluation of procedures for reliable PCR detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in common natural substrates Journal of Microbiological Methods J. Microbiol. Meth. 2002 51 349 359 Several procedures were compared for reliable PCR detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in common substrates (plant, seed, water and soil). In order to prevent the inhibition of PCR by substances contained in crude extracts, numerous DNA extraction procedures as well as additives to buffers or PCR mixtures were checked. Our results showed that the efficiency of these methods or compounds depended greatly upon the nature of the sample. Consequently, preparation of samples prior to PCR depended upon sample origin. Simple methods such as a combined PVPP/BSA treatment or the association of filtration and centrifugation for detecting the bacterium in plant or water samples were very powerful. DNA capture also efficiently overcame PCR inhibition problems and ensured the detection of R. solanacearum in environmental samples. However, the commercial DNA extraction QIAamp® kit appeared to be the most effective tool to guarantee the accurate PCR detection of the pathogen whatever the origin of the sample; this was particularly true for soil samples where the commonly used methods for the detection of R. solanacearum were inefficient. This study demonstrates that using an appropriate procedure, PCR is a useful and powerful tool for detecting low levels of R. solanacearum populations in their natural habitats. Journal Article Poussier,S.;Thoquet,P.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;Barthet,S.;Meyer,D.;Arlat,M.;Trigalet,A. Host plant-dependent phenotypic reversion of Ralstonia solanacearum from non-pathogenic to pathogenic forms via alterations in the phcA gene Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2003 AUG 49 4 991 1003 PT: J 0950-382X 000184936200011 Journal Article Poussier,S.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;Vandewalle,P.;Goffinet,B.;Luisetti,J.;Trigalet,A. Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum as assessed by PCR-RFLP of the hrp gene region, AFLP and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and identification of an African subdivision Microbiology Microbiology 2000 JUL 146 1679 1692 The genetic diversity among strains in a worldwide collection of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt, was assessed by using three different molecular methods. PCR-RFLP analysis of the hrp gene region was extended from previous studies to include additional strains and showed that five amplicons were produced not only with all R. solanacearum strains but also with strains of the closely related bacteria Pseudomonas syzygii and the blood disease bacterium (BDB). However, the three bacterial taxa could be discriminated by specific restriction profiles. The PCR-RFLP clustering, which agreed with the biovar classification and the geographical origin of strains, was confirmed by AFLP. Moreover, AFLP permitted very fine discrimination between different isolates and was able to differentiate strains that were not distinguishable by PCR-RFLP. AFLP and PCR-RFLP analyses confirmed the results of previous investigations which split the species into two divisions, but revealed a further subdivision. This observation was further supported by 16S rRNA sequence data, which grouped biovar 1 strains originating from the southern part of Africa. PT: J; PN: Part 7 1350-0872 000088174000019 Journal Article Poussier,S.;Luisetti,J. Specific detection of biovars of Ralstonia solanacearum in plant tissues by nested-PCR-RFLP European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2000 106 255 265 Journal Article Poussier,S.;Prior,P.;Luisetti,J.;Hayward,C.;Fegan,M. Partial sequencing of the hrpB and endoglucanase genes confirms and expands the known diversity within the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex Systematic and Applied Microbiology Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 2000 Dec 23 4 479 486 Africa;Bacterial Proteins/analysis/classification/genetics;Betaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification;Cellulase/analysis/classification/genetics;DNA, Bacterial/genetics;DNA, Ribosomal/genetics;DNA-Binding Proteins;Genes, Bacterial;Phylogeny;RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis;Repressor Proteins/analysis/classification/genetics;Species Specificity;Transcription Factors;Variation (Genetics) We determined partial hrpB and endoglucanase genes sequences for 30 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum and one strain of the blood disease bacterium (BDB), a close relative of Ralstonia solanacearum. Sequence comparisons showed high levels of variability within these two regions of the genome involved in pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis based upon sequence comparisons of these two regions revealed three major clusters comprising all Ralstonia solanacearum isolates, the BDB strain constituted a phylogenetically distinct entity. Cluster 1 and cluster 2 corresponded to the previously defined divisions 1 and 2 of Ralstonia solanacearum. Moreover, two subclusters could be identified within cluster 2. The last cluster, designated cluster 3 in this study, included biovar 1 and N2 strains originating from Africa. This recently described group of strains was confirmed to be clearly different from the other strains suggesting a separate evolution from those of both divisions 1 and 2. LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 8306133; 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (Repressor Proteins); 0 (Transcription Factors); 0 (hrpB protein, Ralstonia solanacearum); EC 3.2.1.4 (Cellulase); ppublish Germany 0723-2020 Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France. PMID: 11249017 eng Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM Journal Article Poussier,S.;Vandewalle,P.;Luisetti,J. Genetic diversity of african and worldwide strains of Ralstonia solanacearum as determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the hrp gene region Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999 May 65 5 2184 2194 The genetic diversity among a worldwide collection of 120 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified fragments from the hrp gene region. Five amplified fragments appeared to be specific to R. solanacearum. Fifteen different profiles were identified among the 120 bacterial strains, and a hierarchical cluster analysis distributed them into eight clusters. Each cluster included strains belonging to a single biovar, except for strains of biovars 3 and 4, which could not be separated. However, the biovar 1 strains showed rather extensive diversity since they were distributed into five clusters whereas the biovar 2 and the biovar 3 and 4 strains were gathered into one and two clusters, respectively. PCR-RFLP analysis of the hrp gene region confirmed the results of previous studies which split the species into an "Americanum" division including biovar 1 and 2 strains and an "Asiaticum" division including biovar 3 and 4 strains. However, the present study showed that most of the biovar 1 strains, originating from African countries (Reunion Island, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, and Angola) and being included in a separate cluster, belong to the "Asiaticum" rather than to the "Americanum" division. These African strains could thus have evolved separately from other biovar 1 strains originating from the Americas. PUBM: Print; JID: 7605801; ppublish 0099-2240 Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, CIRAD-FLHOR, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France. PMID: 10224018 Eng JOURNAL ARTICLE Journal Article Power,R. H.;Frankel,L. Relationship between the soil-environment and tomato resistance to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum): Interactions of environmental factors on the crop physiology De Surinaamse Landbouw De Surin. Landb. 1982 31 1 1 7 Journal Article Pradeep,K.;Sood,A. K. Integration of antagonistic rhizobacteria and soil solarization for the management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Indian Phytopathology Indian Phytopath. 2001 54 12 15 Journal Article Pradhanang,P. M.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Fox,R. T. V. Sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil: a comparison of different detection techniques Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2000 49 4 414 422 Journal Article Pradhanang,P. M.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Fox,R. T. V. Identification of crop and weed hosts of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in the hills of Nepal Plant pathology Plant Pathol. 2000 49 403 413 Journal Article Pradhanang,P. M.;Momol,M. T. Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil under irrigated rice culture and aquatic weeds Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2001 12/33 149 11 707 711 The survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in naturally infested sandy loam soil under irrigated rice culture was investigated in Sankhu village (1400 m above sea level) in central Nepal. The experimental plot had a previous history of bacterial wilt and a range of 1.5 x 104-3 x 104 colony-forming units (CFU) per g soil was present. The survival of R. solanacearum was monitored in roots of naturally growing aquatic weeds in the rice plot and in soil before and after rice harvest. The incidence of the bacterial infection in the weeds, Dopatrium sp. and Monochoria vaginalis, were 57.5 and 10%, respectively. The bacterial population detected in soil before rice harvest was 1.5 x 104 CFU per g soil whereas a range of 7.5 x 102-1.5 x 103 CFU per g was detected after the rice harvest. Biovar typing of R. solanacearum isolated from potato plants, potato tubers, aquatic weeds, and the soil from the experimental plot yielded the diverse biovars 2 A, 3 and 4. This is the first report of the survival of these biovars in soil, which was under continuous flow of irrigation water for 3 months during rice culture. M3: doi:10.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00700.x Book, Section Pradhanang,P. M.;Momol,M. T.;Olson,S. M.;Jones,J. B. Management of bacterial wilt in tomato with essential oils and systematic acquired resistance inducers 2005 133 138 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article Pradhanang,P. M.;Ji,P.;Momol,M. T.;Olson,S. M.;Mayfield,J. L.;Jones,J. B. Application of acibenzolar-S-methyl enhances host resistance in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2005 89 989 993 Report Pradhanang,P. M.;Momol,M. T.;Dankers,H.;Momol,E. A.;Jones,J. B. First report of Southern wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on Geranium in Florida 2002 June, 11 Online Plant Health Progress 10.1094/PHP-2002-0611-01-HN Journal Article Pradhanang,P. M.;Momol,M. T.;Olson,S. M.;Jones,J. B. Effects of plant essential oils on Ralstonia solanacearum population density and bacterial wilt incidence in tomato Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2003 87 423 427 Journal Article Prior,P.;Bart,S.;Leclercq,A.;Darrasse,A.;Anais,G. Resistance to bacteral wilt in tomato as discerned by spread of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) solanacearum in the stem tissues Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 1996 45 720 726 Journal Article Prior,P.;Beramis,M.;Chillet,M.;Schmit,J. Preliminary studies for tomato bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Sm.) resistance mechanisms Symbiosis Symbiosis 1990 9 393 400 Journal Article Prior,P.;Steva,H. Charateristics of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the French West indies Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1990 74 13 17 Journal Article Prior,P.;Steva,H. Characteristic of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the French West Indies Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1990 74 13 17 Journal Article Prior,P.;Steva,H.;Cadet,P. Aggressiveness of strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the French West Indies (Martinique and Guadeloupe) on tomato Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1990 74 962 965 Journal Article Prior,P.;Beramis,M. Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Ef Smith) Induced Resistance in a Well Known Susceptible Tomato Cultivar Agronomie Agronomie 1990 10 5 391 401 PT: J 0249-5627 A1990DP68800006 Journal Article Priou,S.;Gutarra,L.;Aley,P. Highly sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in latently infected potato tubers by post-enrichment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose membrane Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1999 29 117 125 Journal Article Priou,S.;Torres,R.;Villar,A.;Gutarra,L.;de Mendiburu,F. Optimisation of sample size for the detection of latent infection by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato seed tubers in the highlands of Peru Potato Research Potato Res. 2001 44 349 358 Journal Article Priou,S.;Gutarra,L.;Aley,P. An improved enrichment broth for the sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum (biovars 1 and 2A) in soil using DAS-ELISA Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2006 55 36 45 Journal Article Priou,S.;Gutarra,L.;Aley,P.;De Mendiburu,F.;Llique,R. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 2A) in stems of symptomless plants before harvest of the potato crop using post-enrichment DAS-ELISA Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2010 FEB 59 1 59 67 bacterial wilt;brown rot;seed testing;serological techniques;MICHIGANENSIS SUBSP SEPEDONICUS;SAMPLE-SIZE DETERMINATION;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;SEROLOGICAL TESTS;INFECTION;LATENT;Agronomy;Plant Sciences The detection of Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 2A) in stems of symptomless plants before harvest of the potato crop, instead of tubers, would not only save highly valued planting material but would be less time-consuming and would also enhance farmers' market decisions. Although pathogen detection in stems has been proven efficient for ring rot, this has never been investigated for bacterial wilt (BW). Therefore the possibility of detecting BW latent infection in stem pieces about three weeks before harvest was assessed in 57 fields of the Andean highlands of Peru. Two sensitive, specific and user-friendly serological methods were used to detect the pathogen in latently infected tubers and stems: double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and indirect ELISA on nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) after enrichment of the plant extracts in a semi-specific broth. Optimum sample sizes of stems and tubers were evaluated for 37 potato crops showing between 0 and 0 center dot 1% BW incidence using a binomial distribution model to calculate the detection probabilities. Although results of detection using the two serological techniques had 100% concordance, detection probabilities were higher using DAS-ELISA, whatever the plant part tested. BW detection probabilities were higher for tubers than for stems; a 99% detection probability was obtained by analysing 400 stems sections or 250 tubers using DAS-ELISA. Detection of BW infection in symptomless plants 20 days before harvest using post-enrichment DAS-ELISA is a reliable and user-friendly technique that can easily be used by national plant protection services and seed programmes in developing countries. PT: J; NR: 19; TC: 0; J9: PLANT PATHOL; PG: 9; GA: 542FG WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0032-0862 [Priou, S.; Gutarra, L.; Aley, P.; De Mendiburu, F.] Int Potato Ctr CIP, Lima 12, Peru. [Llique, R.] Natl Agr Hlth Serv SENASA, Cajamarca, Peru.; Priou, S, Int Potato Ctr CIP, POB 1558, Lima 12, Peru.; l.gutarra@cgiar.org 000273477800008 English Article 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02155.x Journal Article Priou,S.;Salas,C.;De Mendiburu,F.;Aley,P.;Gutarra,L. Assessment of latent infection frequency in progeny tubers of advanced potato clones resistant to bacterial wilt: A new selection criterion Potato Research Potato Res. 2001 44 4 359 373 PT: J 0014-3065 000177653500005 Journal Article Qiu,D.;Wei,Z. M.;Bauer,D. W.;Beer,S. V. Treatment of tomato seed with harpin enhances germination and growth and induces resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1997 87 S80 Journal Article Queneherve,P.;Martiny,B. Reaction of an international set of bacterial wilt-resistant tomatoes to a population of Meloidogyne incognita in martinique Nematropica 1999 JUN 29 1 89 93 PT: J 0099-5444 000083307500009 Journal Article Quimio,A. J.;Chan,H. H. Survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith in the rhizosphere of some week and economic plant species Philippine Phytopathology Philipp. Phytopathol. 1979 15 2 108 121 Journal Article Quimio,A. J.;Tabei,H. Temperature relations of Philippine solanaceous isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum Philippine Phytopathology Philipp. Phytopathol. 1979 15 69 75 Journal Article Quinon,V. L.;Aragaki,M. Bacterial wilt of bird-of-paradise caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1963 53 1115 1116 Journal Article Quinon,V. L.;Aragaki,M.;Ishii,M. Pathogenecity and serological relationship of three strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum in Hawaii Phytopathology Phytopathology 1964 54 1096 1099 Journal Article Quinon,V. L.;Aragaki,M.;Ishii,M. Pathogenecity and serological relationship of three strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum in Hawaii Phytopathology Phytopathology 1963 54 1096 1099 Journal Article Quyen,D. T.;Nguyen,T. T.;Le,T. T. G.;Kim,H. K.;Oh,T. K.;Lee,J. K. A novel lipase/chaperone pair from Ralstonia sp. M1: analysis of the folding interaction and evidence for gene loss in R. solanacearum Molecular Genetics and Genomics Mol. Gen. Genet. 2004 DEC 272 5 538 549 PT: J 1617-4615 000226235900007 Journal Article Quyen,D. T.;Dao,T. T.;Nguyen,S. L. T. A novel esterase from Ralstonia sp M1: Gene cloning, sequencing, high-level expression and characterization Protein Expression and Purification Protein Expr. Purif. 2007 FEB 51 2 133 140 PT: J 1046-5928 000244210100001 Journal Article Quyen,D. T.;Le,T. T. G.;Nguyen,T. T.;Oh,T. K.;Lee,J. K. High-level heterologous expression and properties of a novel lipase from Ralstonia sp M1 Protein Expression and Purification Protein Expr. Purif. 2005 JAN 39 1 97 106 PT: J 1046-5928 000226153600012 Journal Article Rahman,M. A.;Abdullah,H.;Vanhaecke,M. Histopathology of susceptible and resistant Capsicum annum cultivars infected with Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 1999 147 129 140 Journal Article Rahman,M. Z.;Mian,I. H.;Khan,A. A.;Furuya,N.;Matsuyama,N. Rapid identification of Ralstonia solanacearum by the direct colony TLC and simple TLC Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1998 NOV 43 1-2 75 81 PT: J 0023-6152 000077367800010 Journal Article Rajashekhara,E.;Watanabe,K. Propionyl-coenzyme A synthetases of Ralstonia solanacearum and Salmonella choleraesuis display atypical kinetics FEBS letters FEBS Lett. 2004 JAN 2 556 1-3 143 147 PT: J 0014-5793 000188125600026 Journal Article Rajeshwari,N.;Shylaja,M. D.;Krishnappa,M.;Shetty,H. S.;Mortensen,C. N.;Mathur,S. B. Development of ELISA for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato: its application in seed health testing World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1998 OCT 14 5 697 704 PT: J 0959-3993 000077936000013 Journal Article Ralston,E.;Palleroni,N. J.;Doudoroff,M. Pseudomonas pickettii, a new species of clinical origin related to Pseudomonas solanacearum International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1973 23 1 15 19 Journal Article Ramesh,R.;Joshi,A.;Ghanekar,M. Pseudomonads: major antagonistic endophytic bacteria to suppress bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum in the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009 25 1 47 55 Endophytic bacteria of eggplant, cucumber and groundnut were isolated from different locations of Goa, India. Based on in vitro screening, 28 bacterial isolates which effectively inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial wilt pathogen of the eggplant were characterized and identified. More than 50% of these isolates were Pseudomonas fluorescens in which a vast degree of variability was found to exist when biochemical characteristics were compared. In greenhouse experiments, the plants treated with Pseudomonas isolates (EB9, EB67), Enterobacter isolates (EB44, EB89) and Bacillus isolates (EC4, EC13) reduced the wilt incidence by more than 70%. All the selected isolates reduced damping off by more than 50% and improved the growth of seedlings in the nursery stage. Most of the selected antagonists produced an antibiotic, DAPG, which inhibited R. solanacearum under in vitro conditions and might have been responsible for reduced wilt incidence under in vivo conditions. Also production of siderophores and IAA in the culture medium by the antagonists was recorded, which could be involved in biocontrol and growth promotion in crop plants. From our study we conclude that Pseudomonas is the major antagonistic endophytic bacteria from eggplants which have the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent as well as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Large scale field evaluation and detailed knowledge on antagonistic mechanism could provide an effective biocontrol solution for bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops. Conference Proceedings Ramos,A. H. Comparison of survival of two Pseudomonas solanacearum strains in soil columns under constant perfusion and in field plots devoid of host cover 1976 123 131 Sequeira,L.;Kelman,A. Proceedings of the international planning conference and workshop on the ecology and control of bacterial wilt NC State University Raleigh, U. S. Journal Article Ramos,A. H.;Michieka,A. O. Potato clones in east Africa resistant to bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Acta Horticulturae Acta Hort. 1988 218 333 346 Journal Article Ran,L. X.;Liu,C. Y.;Wu,G. J.;van Loon,L. C.;Bakker,P. A. H. M. Suppression of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus urophylla by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in China Biological Control Biol. Control 2005 32 1 111 120 Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 1, biovar III has become a severe problem in Eucalyptus plantations in south China. The disease mainly attacks young eucalypt trees, and no effective control measures are available yet. To explore possibilities to develop biological control of the disease, strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that are effective in suppressing plant diseases by known mechanisms, were tested for their potential to control bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus. Pseudomonas putida WCS358r, Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r, P. fluorescens WCS417r, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 antagonize R. solanacearum in vitro by siderophore-mediated competition for iron, whereas inhibition of pathogen growth by P. fluorescens CHA0r is antibiosis-based. No correlations were found between antagonistic activities of these Pseudomonas spp. in vitro and biocontrol of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus in vivo. None of the strains suppressed disease when mixed together with the pathogen through the soil or when seeds or seedlings were treated with the strains one to four weeks before transfer into soil infested with R. solanacearum. However, when the seedlings were dipped with their roots in a bacterial suspension before transplanting into infested soil, P. fluorescens WCS417r significantly suppressed bacterial wilt. P. putida WCS358r was marginally effective, whereas its siderophore-minus mutant had no effect at all, indicating that siderophore-mediated competition for iron can contribute but is not effective enough to suppress bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus. A derivative of P. putida WCS358r, constitutively producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (WCS358::phl) reduced disease. Combined treatment with P. fluorescens WCS417r and P. putida WCS358::phl did not improve suppression of bacterial wilt. Journal Article Rao,M. V. B.;Sohi,H. S.;Tikoo,S. K. Reaction of wilt-resistant tomato varieties and lines to Pseudomonas solanacerum in India Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1975 59 734 736 Journal Article Rattan,P.;Vidyasagar;Kumar,S. Line x tester analysis for combining ability studies involving bacterial wilt resistant genotypes across environments in tomato Indian Journal of Horticulture Indian J. Hort. 2008 65 2 139 242 Not found Journal Article Reddy,P. P.;Singh,D. B.;Kishun,R. Effect of Root-Knot Nematode on the Susceptibility of Pusa Purple Cluster Brinjal to Bacterial Wilt Current science Curr. Sci. 1979 48 20 915 916 PT: J 0011-3891 A1979HR43100022 Journal Article Restrepo,J. A. A.;Gaviria,P. A. R.;Montoya,M. M. Molecular detection of Ralstonia solanacearum from banana agroecosystems in Colombia Tropical Plant Pathology Trop. Plant Pathol. 2008 33 3 197 203 Moko disease of banana caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most limiting factors in the production of this crop in the world. An alternative to reduce the incidence of this disease consists in the early detection of affected plants and soils with high levels of bacterial inoculum. This research evaluated different methods of nucleic acids extraction from plant material and soils, to be used in molecular diagnosis of R. solanacearum the banana-growing region of Uraba, Colombia. Results showed that for diagnosis of plant material, DNA extraction should be done with commercial kits including silica gel columns or alternatively conventional methods using buffers containing PVPP. For bacterial detection from soil samples the most appropriated method was the microbial enrichment in SMSA broth medium before DNA extraction. Multiplex PCR analysis indicated that phylotype II, sequevar 4 was the causal agent of Moko disease of banana in the region of Uraba. Techniques applied in this research could be used in epidemiological studies as well as to support management strategies of this disease in banana plantations. Journal Article Rich,J. R.;Schenck,N. C. Seasonal variations in populations of plant-parasitic nematodes and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Florida field corn Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1981 65 10 804 807 Journal Article Rillo,A. R. Bacterial Wilt of Banana in the Philippines FAO Plant Protection Bulletin FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 1979 27 4 105 108 PT: J 0014-5637 A1979KM49900001 Journal Article Roberson,E. B.;Firestone,M. K. Relationship between desiccation and exopolysaccharide production in a soil Pseudomonas sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992 58 1 1284 1291 Journal Article Roberts,S. J.;Eden-green,S. J.;Jones,P.;Ambler,D. J. Pseudomonas syzygii, sp. nov., the cause of Sumatra disease of cloves Systematic and Applied Microbiology Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1990 13 34 43 Journal Article Robertson,A. E.;Wechter,W. P.;Denny,T. P.;Fortnum,B. A.;Kluepfel,D. A. Relationship between avirulence gene (avrA) diversity in Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial Wilt incidence Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2004 DEC 17 12 1376 1384 PT: J 0894-0282 000225255700010 Book, Section Robinson,A. Serological detection of Pseudomonas solanacearum by ELISA 1993 54 61 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article RobinsonSmith,A.;Jones,P.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Forde,S. M. D. Production of antibodies to Pseudomonas solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt Food and Agricultural Immunology Food Agric. Immunol. 1995 7 1 67 79 PT: J 0954-0105 A1995TU27900007 Journal Article Rolfs,P. H. Diseases of the tomato: bacterial blight Florida Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 1998 47 128 136 Journal Article Rowe,P. R.;Sequeira,L. Inheritance of resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in Solanum phureja Phytopathology Phytopathology 1970 60 1499 1501 Journal Article Rowe,P. R.;Sequeira,L.;Gonzalez,L. C. Additonal genes for resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in Solanum phureja Phytopathology Phytopathology 1972 62 1093 1094 Book, Section Rowe,R. C.;Powelson,M. L. Potato health management: a holistic approach 2007 1 5 Johnson,D. A. Potato health management Second APS Press St. Paul, M.N. Journal Article Roy,S.;Ojha,P. K.;Ojha,K. L.;Upadhyay,J. P.;Jha,M. M. Effect of mixed application of fertilizers and organic amendments on the disease intensity of wilt complexes on banana (Musa sp.) Journal of Applied Biology J. Appl. Biol. 1999 9 84 86 Journal Article Ruchijat,E.;Hussey,R. S.;Mccarter,S. M. Effect of Meloidogyne-Javanica and Pseudomonas-Solanacearum Alone and in Combination on Bacterial Wilt and Yield of 2 Potato Cultivars Phytopathology Phytopathology 1984 74 5 632 632 PT: J 0031-949X A1984ST28500086 Book, Section Saddler,G. S. Management of bacterial wilt disease 2005 121 132 Allen,C.;Prior,P.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex APS press St. Paul, M. N. Journal Article Saile,E.;McGarvey,J. A.;Schell,M. A.;Denny,T. P. Role of extracellular polysaccharide and endoglucanase in root invasion and colonization of tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1997 87 1264 1271 Journal Article Sakata,Y.;Monma,S.;Narikawa,T.;Komochi,S. Evaluation of resistance to bacterial wilt and Verticillium wilt in eggplants (Solanum melongena L) collected in Malaysia Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 1996 JUN 65 1 81 88 PT: J 0013-7626 A1996UR86000012 Journal Article Salanoubat,M.;Genin,S.;Artiguenave,F.;Gouzy,J.;Mangenot,S.;Arlat,M.;Billault,A.;Brottier,P.;Camus,J. C.;Cattolico,L.;Chandler,M.;Choisne,N.;Claudel-Renard,C.;Cunnac,S.;Demange,N.;Gaspin,C.;Lavie,M.;Moisan,A.;Robert,C.;Saurin,W.;Schiex,T.;Siguier,P.;Thébault,P.;Whalen,M.;Wincker,P.;Levy,M.;Weissenbach,J.;Boucher,C. A. Genome sequence of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Nature Nature 2002 415 497 502 Journal Article Samanta,S. K.;Bhushan,B.;Chauhan,A.;Jain,R. K. Chemotaxis of a Ralstonia sp SJ98 toward different nitroaromatic compounds and their degradation Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000 MAR 5 269 1 117 123 PT: J 0006-291X 000085918600021 Journal Article Sands,D. C.;Hankin,L.;Zucker,M. A selective medium for pectolytic fluorescent pseudomonads Phytopathology Phytopathology 1972 62 998 1000 Journal Article Sankar,M. A.;Jessykutty,P. C.;Peter,K. V. Efficiency of 4 Selection Methods to Improve Level of Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Eggplant Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1987 MAR 57 3 138 141 PT: J 0019-5022 A1987G441500002 Journal Article Sato,Y.;Nishihara,H.;Yoshida,M.;Watanabe,M.;Rondal,J. D.;Ohta,H. Occurrence of hydrogen-oxidizing Ralstonia species as primary microorganisms in the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic mudflow deposits Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2004 DEC 50 6 855 861 PT: J 0038-0768 000225652700010 Journal Article Satou,M.;Kubota,M.;Nishi,K. Measurement of horizontal and vertical movement of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2006 OCT 154 10 592 597 PT: J 0931-1785 000240528000003 Patent Schaad,N. W.;Gaush,P. E.;Ozakman,M. Real-time PCR primers and probes for identification of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 in potato and other plants 2007 Aug., 28 10283346 6,410,223 435/6 Journal Article Schans,J.;Steeghs,M. H. C. G. Strategy and results of eradication of brown rot in The Netherlands Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 121 133 Journal Article Schell,M. A. Control of virulence and pathogenecity genes of Ralstonia solanacearum by an elaborate sensory network Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2000 38 263 292 Journal Article Schell,M. A. To be or not to be: how Pseudomonas solanacearum decides whether or not to express virulence genes European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1996 102 5 459 469 Journal Article Schmiediche,P.;Martin,C. The use of Wild-Species in Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas-Solanacearum) American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1986 AUG 63 8 453 453 PT: J 0003-0589 A1986D980900091 Journal Article Schneider,K. L.;Alvarez,A. M.;Presting,G. G. DNA markers for identification of the bacterial phytopathogens Clavibacter, Erwinia, Ralstonia, and Xanthomonas Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S141 Genomes of Clavibacter, Erwinia, Ralstonia and Xanthomonas were examined to identify DNA markers suitable for species identification. Selection criteria for a DNA marker included 1) presence in the four genera as a single copy, 2) a low rate of horizontal gene transfer as assessed by phylogenomic orthologous protein analysis and 3) having greater variablity than the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), found between the 16S and 23S rDNA. Six Xanthomonas genomes were examined using a whole genome analysis program (MUMmer) to find conserved regions from which to design primers. A single region contained within the chromosomal replication initiator gene, dnaA, met all of the selection criteria. DNA sequences of the ITS and dnaA markers were obtained for 120 Ralstonia, 24 Xanthomonas, 24 Erwinia and 24 Clavibacter strains. The dnaA marker generally provided resolution equal to or greater than the ITS marker, as exemplified by its ability to separate Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 from other strains. Journal Article Schneider,Patrick;Jacobs,Jonathan M.;Neres,Joao;Aldrich,Courtney C.;Allen,Caitilyn;Nett,Markus;Hoffmeister,Dirk The global virulence regulators VsrAD and PhcA control secondary metabolism in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. 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[Nett, Markus] Hans Knoell Inst, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, D-07745 Jena, Germany.; Hoffmeister, D, Univ Jena, Dept Pharmaceut Biol, Hans Knoll Inst, Beutenbergstr 11A, D-07745 Jena, Germany.; dirk.hoffmeister@hki-jena.de 000272391700007 English Article 10.1002/cbic.200900510 Journal Article Schneider,J.;Grosser,R. J.;Jayasimhulu,K.;Xue,W. L.;Kinkle,B.;Warshawsky,D. Biodegradation of carbazole by Ralstonia sp RJGII.123 isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated soil Canadian journal of microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 2000 MAR 46 3 269 277 PT: J 0008-4166 000085571900009 Journal Article Schonfeld,J.;Heuer,H.;van Elsas,J. D.;Smalla,K. Specific and sensitive detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil on the basis of PCR amplification of fliC fragments Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003 DEC 69 12 7248 7256 PT: J 0099-2240 000187234000037 Journal Article Schonfeld,J.;Gelsomino,A.;van Overbeek,L. S.;Gorissen,A.;Smalla,K.;van Elsas,J. D. Effects of compost addition and simulated solarisation on the fate of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 and indigenous bacteria in soil FEMS microbiology ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2003 FEB 1 43 1 63 74 PT: J 0168-6496 000180944100007 Journal Article Scott,J. W.;Jones,J. B.;Somodi,G. C. 'Neptune', a heat-tolerant, bacterial-wilt tolerant tomato HortScience HortScience 1995 30 641 642 Book, Section Scott,J. W.;Somodi,G. C.;Jones,J. B. Testing tomato genotypes and breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt in Florida 1993 126 131 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Scott,J. W.;Somodi,G. C.;Jones,J. B. Bacterial spot resistance is not associated with bacterial wilt resistance in tomato Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1988 101 390 392 Journal Article Scott,J. W.;Jones,J. B.;Somodi,G. 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Comparison of bacterial community structures in the rhizoplane of tomato plants grown in soils suppressive and conducive towards bacterial wilt Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999 65 3996 4001 Journal Article Shishido,M.;Breuil,C.;Chanway,C. P. Endophytic colonization of spruce by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 29 191 196 Conference Proceedings Shrestha,S. K. Occurance and spred of bacterial wilt disease of potatoes with its effect on seed potato production in Nepal 1988 April, 24-29 213 219 National conference on science and tchnology Kathmandou, Nepal Journal Article Shrestha,S. K.;Karmacharya,B. L.;Rana,R. B. Potato diseases and their economic importance in Bhutan FAO Plant Protection Bulletin FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 1986 Journal Article Sikirou,R.;Beed,F.;Ezin,V.;Gbehounou,G.;Miller,S. A.;Wydra,K. First report of bacterial wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Benin. Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2009 MAY 93 5 549 549 Plant Sciences PT: J; NR: 3; TC: 0; J9: PLANT DIS; PG: 1; GA: 446OL AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0191-2917 [Sikirou, R.; Gbehounou, G.] Inst Natl Rech Agr Benin, Lab Def Cultures, Porto Novo, Benin. [Beed, F.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Kampala, Uganda. [Ezin, V.] IITA, Cotonou, Benin. [Miller, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH USA. [Wydra, K.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.; Sikirou, R, Inst Natl Rech Agr Benin, Lab Def Cultures, 01 BP 128, Porto Novo, Benin. 000266130800028 English News Item 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0549B Journal Article Singh,B. Field Reaction of Eggplant (Solanum-Melongena) Germplasm to Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas-Solanacearum) in Nagaland Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1991 SEP 61 9 694 695 PT: J 0019-5022 A1991GE54900020 Journal Article Siri,M. I.;Galvan,G. A.;Quirici,L.;Silvera,E.;Villanueva,P.;Ferreira,F.;Fraguas,L. F.;Pianzzola,M. J. Molecular marker diversity and bacterial wilt resistance in wild Solanum commersonii accessions from Uruguay Euphytica Euphytica 2009 165 2 371 382 Solanum commersonii is a wild tuber-bearing species native to Uruguay with high potential for use in potato breeding programs. Little is known about the genetic diversity within this wild species and the relationship with the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. We studied 30 S. commersonii clonal accessions, 20 of which were collected from geographically different areas across the country, while the other ten were grown from seeds from a single plant. Resistance against R. solanacearum was tested and different levels of resistance were found, ranging from delayed wilting to asymptomatic reactions. The genetic variation and the relationships among individuals in this germplasm collection were studied by different molecular markers: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). AFLP markers generated the largest number of total and polymorphic fragments per assay unit while SSR revealed the highest frequency of polymorphic bands (100%), followed by AFLP (96.2%) and RAPD (89.4%). In contrast, when comparing the number of different genetic profiles generated, the SSR markers exhibited the lowest discriminatory power. The clustering pattern obtained with the three marker systems showed a similar distribution of the S. commersonii germplasm revealing a high correlation between the three methods employed. All three dendrograms grouped most of the accessions into two main clusters, containing the same accessions regardless of the marker type. Bacterial wilt resistant accessions were present in both clusters. Accessions originated from different seeds of the same plant were grouped within one of the major clusters, and differed in the response to R. solanacearum revealing segregation of resistance. Furthermore, the distribution in two main clusters showed high correspondence with the geographical origin of the accessions, from the north and south of the country, and with the subspecies malmeanum and commersonii morphologically identified. Book, Section Skoglund,L. G.;Seal,S.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Berrios,D. E. Study of latent infection of potato tubers by Pseudomonas solanacearum in Burundi 1993 106 110 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Smejkal,C. W.;Vallaeys,T.;Seymour,F. A.;Burton,S. K.;Lappin-Scott,H. M. Characterization of (R/S)-mecoprop [2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid]-degrading Alcaligenes sp. CS1 and Ralstonia sp. CS2 isolated from agricultural soils Environmental microbiology Environ. Microbiol. 2001 APR 3 4 288 293 PT: J 1462-2912 000168701000008 Journal Article Smith,D. S.;De Boer,S. H. Implementation of an artificial reaction control in a TaqMan method for PCR detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2009 JUL 124 3 405 412 Ralstonia solanacearum;Potato brown rot;Detection;TaqMan;SENSITIVE DETECTION;REAL-TIME;AMPLIFICATION;MULTIPLEX;STRAINS;PRIMERS;ASSAY;Agronomy;Plant Sciences;Horticulture A previously published TaqMan PCR test for R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 was modified to enable both the validation of negative results and the confirmation of positive results in a closed-tube system. Negative results were validated through the use of a reaction control plasmid, designated pRB2C2, which was designed to generate a 94bp product using the same amplimers targeting the primary diagnostic 68bp sequence in R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 DNA. SYBR Green was included in the reaction mix to facilitate the identification of post-reaction products using melt peak analysis. The 94bp reaction control had a melt peak temperature of about 90A degrees C, while the diagnostic target amplicon had a melt peak temperature of about 83A degrees C; thus positive results could be easily confirmed and distinguished from the reaction control product. Addition of pRB2C2 at 100 copies per reaction had no effect on the sensitivity of the TaqMan assay for R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, and the modified assay successfully detected R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in infected, asymptomatic tomato stems and leaves as well as in potato tubers and stems. PT: J; NR: 19; TC: 0; J9: EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY; PG: 8; GA: 451DL SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0929-1873 [Smith, Donna S.; De Boer, Solke H.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Charlottetown Lab, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada.; Smith, DS, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Charlottetown Lab, 93 Mt Edward Rd, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada.; smithds@inspection.gc.ca 000266450800004 English Article 10.1007/s10658-008-9427-6 Book, Section Smith,J. J.;Saddler,G. S. The use of avirulent mutants of Ralstonia solanacearum to control bacterial wilt disease 2001 159 176 Jeger,M. J.;Spence,N. J. Biotic interactions in plant-pathogen associations CABI Publishing Wallingford, U. K. Journal Article Smith,J. J.;Offord,L. C.;Holderness,M.;Saddler,G. S. Genetic diversity of Burkholderia solanacearum (synonym Pseudomonas solanacearum) race 3 in Kenya Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995 61 12 4263 4268 Journal Article Smith,J. J.;Offord,L. C.;Holderness,M.;Saddler,G. S. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Pseudomonas solanacearum Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1995 25 163 167 Journal Article Smith,J. J.;van der Wolfe,J. M.;Feuillade,R.;Trigalet,A.;Offord,L. C.;Saddler,G. S. Genetic diversity amongst Ralstonia solanacearum isolates of potato in Europe Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 83 84 Journal Article Smith,T. E. Distribution of bacterial wilt (Bacterium solanacearum) in successive crops of tobacco grown on the same fields Phytopathology Phytopathology 1943 NOV 33 11 1076 1080 PT: J 0031-949X 000200852800010 Journal Article Smith,T. E. D-D Mixture as a Soil Treatment for Bacterial Wilt on Tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1947 37 5 369 371 PT: J 0031-949X A1947UM92100048 Journal Article Smith,T. E.;Clayton,E. E. Resistance to Bacterial Wilt and Black Shank in Flue-Cured Tobacco Phytopathology Phytopathology 1948 38 3 227 229 PT: J 0031-949X A1948UM93100008 Report Snover-Clift,K. L.;McKellar,M. E. Standard operating procedure for plant diagnostic laboratories. Souther wilt/Brown rot. Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 2005 May 33 Version 2.3 NPDN Journal Article Sohi,H. S.;Rao,M. V. B.;Rawal,R. D.;Kishum,R. Effect of crop rotations on bacterial wilt of tomato and eggplant Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 51 8 572 573 Journal Article Sohi,H. S.;Rao,M. V. B.;Rawal,R. D.;Kishun,R. Effect of Crop Rotations on Bacterial Wilt of Tomato and Eggplant Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1981 51 8 572 573 PT: J 0019-5022 A1981MF32800009 Book, Section Somodi,G. C.;Jones,J. B.;Scott,J. W. Comparison of inoculation techniques for screening tomato genotypes for bacterial wilt resistance 1993 120 123 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Song,C. J.;Zhao,L. X.;Ono,S.;Shimasaki,C.;Inoue,M. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from cottonseed oil and valeric acid in batch culture of Ralstonia sp strain JC-64 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2001 MAY 94 2 169 178 PT: J 0273-2289 000169664200007 Journal Article Sonoda,R. M. Effect of differences in tolerance of tomato to Pseudomonas solanacearum and time of planting on incidence of bacterial wilt Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1978 62 1059 1062 Journal Article Sonoda,R. M.;Augustine,J. Reaction of bacterial wilt-resistant tomato lines to Pseudomonas solanacearum in Florida Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1978 62 464 466 Book, Section Sood,A. K.;Singh,B. M. Prevalence of bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables in the mid-hill subhumid zone of Himachal Pradesh, India 1993 358 361 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Stead,D. Grouping of plant-pathogenic and some other Pseudomonas spp. by using cellular fatty acid profiles International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1992 42 2 281 295 Journal Article Stead,D. E. Profiling techniques for the identification and classification of plant pathogenic bacteria Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1995 Book, Section Stead,D. E. Classification and identification of Pseudomonas solanacearum and other Pseudomonas by fatty acid profiling 1993 49 53 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Stefani,E.;Giosue,S.;Mazzucchi,U. Detection of latent infections of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, race 3 in tomato crops Journal of Plant Pathology J. Plant Pathol. 2005 NOV 87 3 167 171 PT: J 1125-4653 000234057600002 Journal Article Stefani,E.;Mazzucchi,U. Protein electrophoretograms for the identification of Ralstonia solanacearum in potato tubers Journal of Plant Pathology J. Plant Pathol. 1997 79 189 195 Journal Article Steinle,P.;Stucki,G.;Stettler,R.;Hanselmann,K. W. Aerobic mineralization of 2,6-dichlorophenol by Ralstonia sp. strain RK1 Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998 JUL 64 7 2566 2571 PT: J 0099-2240 000074644700037 Journal Article Stevens,Patricia;van Elsas,Jan Dirk Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 strains obtained from Dutch waterways Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2010 FEB 97 2 171 188 Genetic diversity;Water;Bittersweet;R. solanacearum biovar 2 strains;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;PHYLOTYPE-II;SURVIVAL;IDENTIFICATION;SEQUENCE;REGION;SOIL;MICROCOSMS;AFRICAN;RACE-3;Microbiology A novel set of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 isolates was obtained, at several sampling occasions, from Dutch waterways, sediment and bittersweet plants and their genetic and phenotypic diversity was investigated. As reference strains, two previously-described strains obtained from diseased potato plants, denoted 1609 (The Netherlands) and 715 (Bangladesh), were included in the analyses. All novel isolates showed BOX and GTG5 PCR based genomic profiles similar to those of the reference strains. Also, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the phcA and hrp genomic regions, as well as sequence analysis of six selected genomic loci, revealed great homogeneity across the strains. In contrast, pulsed field gel electrophoresis of restricted genomic DNA revealed the distribution of all strains across four groups, denoted pulsotypes A through D (pulsotypes C and D had one representative each). Moreover, pulsotype B, consisting of five strains, could be separated from the other pulsotypes by a divergent genomic fingerprint when hybridized to a probe specific for insertion element ISRso3. Representatives of pulsotypes A, B and C were selected for growth and metabolic studies. They showed similar growth rates when grown aerobically in liquid media. Assessment of their metabolic capacity using BIOLOG GN-2 revealed a reduced utilization of compounds as compared to the reference strains, with some variation between strains. PT: J; NR: 40; TC: 0; J9: ANTON LEEUWENHOEK INT J GEN M; PG: 18; GA: 536ZI SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0003-6072 [van Elsas, Jan Dirk] Univ Groningen, Dept Microbial Ecol, CEES, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands. [Stevens, Patricia; van Elsas, Jan Dirk] Univ Groningen, Dept Microbial Ecol, CEES, NL-9759 AA Haren, Netherlands.; van Elsas, JD, Univ Groningen, Dept Microbial Ecol, CEES, Kerklaan 30, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands.; j.d.van.elsas@rug.nl 000273082100007 English Article 10.1007/s10482-009-9400-1 Journal Article Strider,D. L.;Jones,R. K.;Haygood,R. A. Southern bacterial wilt of geranium caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1981 65 1 52 53 Journal Article Sudakevitz,D.;Imberty,A.;Gilboa-Garber,N. Production, properties and specificity of a new bacterial L-fucose- and D-arabinose-binding lectin of the plant aggressive pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and its comparison to related plant and microbial lectins Journal of Biochemistry J. Biochem. 2002 AUG 132 2 353 358 PT: J 0021-924X 000177445500026 Journal Article Sudakevitz,D.;Kostlanova,N.;Blatman-Jan,G.;Mitchell,E. P.;Lerrer,B.;Wimmerova,M.;Katcoff,D. J.;Imberty,A.;Gilboa-Garber,N. A new Ralstonia solanacearum high-affinity mannose-binding lectin RS-IIL structurally resembling the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fucose-specific lectin PA-IIL Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2004 MAY 52 3 691 700 PT: J 0950-382X 000220941400008 Journal Article Sumithra,K. U.;Krishnappa,M.;Vasanth,T. K.;Shetty,H. S.;Mortensen,C. N.;Mathur,S. B. Seed-borne nature of Ralstonia solanacearum in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars in India Seed Science and Technology Seed Sci. Technol. 2000 28 2 291 299 PT: J 0251-0952 000089380000008 Journal Article Sun,S. K.;Huang,J. W. Formulated soil amendment for controlling fusarium wilt and other soilborne diseases Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1985 69 917 920 Journal Article Sunaina,V.;Kishore,V.;Shekhawat,G. Latent survival of Pseudomonas solanacearum in potato tubers and weeds Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection J. Plant Dis. Prot. 1988 96 4 361 364 Journal Article Sunaina,V.;Kishore,V.;Shekhawat,G. S.;Kumar,M. Discovery of an atypical strain of Burkholderia solanacearum affecting potatoes in India Potato Research Potato Res. 1997 40 163 168 Journal Article Sunaina,V.;Kishore,V.;Shekhawat,G. S.;Kumar,M. Control of bacterial wilt of potatoes in naturally infested soils by bacterial antagonists Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenkrankheiten Und Pflanzenschutz-Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 1997 JUL 104 4 362 369 PT: J 0340-8159 A1997XX76400005 Journal Article Supriadi A simple method for distinguishing isolates of blood disease bacterium (BDB) from Ralstonia solanacearum through detection of bacteriophage production Australasian Plant Pathology Australas. Plant Pathol. 2003 32 3 429 431 PT: J 0815-3191 000185116500013 Journal Article Sutrisno,A.;Ueda,M.;Abe,Y.;Nakazawa,M.;Miyatake,K. A chitinase with high activity toward partially N-acetylated chitosan from a new, moderately thermophilic, chitin-degrading bacterium, Ralstonia sp A-471 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004 JAN 63 4 398 406 PT: J 0175-7598 000188112900009 Journal Article Swanepoel,A. E. Survival of South African strains of biovar 2 and biovar 3 of Pseudomonas solanacearum in the roots and stems of weeds Potato Research Potato Res. 1992 35 329 332 Journal Article Swanepoel,A. E. The effect of temperature on the development of wilting and on progeny tuber infection of potatoes inoculated with South African strains of biovar 2 and 3 of Pseudomonas solanacearum Potato Research Potato Res. 1990 33 287 290 Journal Article Swanepoel,A. E.;Young,B. W. Characteristics of South African strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum Plant Disease Plant Dis. 1988 72 403 405 Journal Article Swanson,J. K.;Montes,L.;Mejia,L.;Allen,C. Detection of latent infections of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in geraniums Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2007 91 828 834 Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 is a regulated quarantine pathogen that infects solanaceoushosts such as potato as well as geranium, where it causes either bacterial wilt (also knownas Southern Wilt) or a symptomless latent infection. Geranium growers and government regulatorsneed reliable detection methods to identify infected plant material before it is exported. Wepreviously found that R. solanacearum-infected geranium plants can shed millions of bacteria ineffluent water that flows from pots. We tested a nondestructive sampling method wherein effluentwater from infected plants grown under commercial conditions was both dilution plated andfilter concentrated for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Under field conditions inGuatemala, effluent shedding of infected geranium plants was highly variable. Comprehensivegrowth chamber studies confirmed that latently infected and mildly symptomatic geraniumplants often but not invariably shed detectable numbers of bacteria in their effluent. At the peakof bacterial shedding, just under 90% of infected plants shed detectable bacteria whereas, at thelowest point, 44% shed detectable numbers of pathogen cells. Bacterial shedding peaked severalweeks after inoculation regardless of whether plants were symptomatic or latently infected.Bacterial stem population sizes did not correlate with either effluent population sizes or diseaseindex rating. Finally, we found that the effluent from geranium plants grown in volcanic rockscoria medium contains inhibitors that reduce the effectiveness of real-time PCR detectionmethods Journal Article Swanson,J. K.;Yao,J.;Tans-Kersten,J.;Allen,C. Behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 during latent infection of geranium Phytopathology Phytopathology 2005 95 136 143 Journal Article Takabatake,R.;Mukaihara,T.;Seo,S.;Mitsuhara,I.;Ohashi,Y. Isolation and functional analysis of hypersensitive cell death suppressors from Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 48 S249 S249 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0032-0781 000245922701475 Journal Article Takenaka,S.;Sekiguchi,H.;Nakaho,K.;Tojo,M.;Masunaka,A.;Takahashi,H. Colonization of Pythium oligandrum in the tomato rhizosphere for biological control of bacterial wilt disease analyzed by real-time PCR and confocal laser-scanning microscopy Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 FEB 98 2 187 195 PT: J 0031-949X 000252612300006 Journal Article Takeshi,Y.;Masanori,A.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y.;Ohnishi,K. Global regulation of pathogenicity genes at early stages of the infection process of Ralstonia solanacearum Genes & Genetic Systems Genes Genet. Syst. 2005 DEC 80 6 464 3B-04 PT: J 1341-7568 000236890500152 Journal Article Tamura,N.;Murata,Y.;Mukaihara,T. Isolation of Ralstonia solanacearum hrpB constitutive mutants and secretion analysis of hrpB-regulated gene products that share homology with known type III effectors and enzymes Microbiology-Sgm 2005 SEP 151 2873 2884 PT: J; PN: Part 9 1350-0872 000232077800009 Journal Article Tamura,N.;Murata,Y.;Mukaihara,T. A somatic hybrid between Solanum integrifolium and Solanum violaceum that is resistant to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Cell Reports Plant Cell Rep. 2002 NOV 21 4 353 358 PT: J 0721-7714 000179923200010 Journal Article Tan,H. M.;Cao,L. X.;He,Z. F.;Su,G. J.;Lin,B.;Zhou,S. N. Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from different cultivars of tomato and their activities against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006 DEC 22 12 1275 1280 PT: J 0959-3993 000242288800005 Journal Article Tanaka,R.;Taguchi,F.;Ichinose,Y.;Toyoda,K.;Shiraishi,T.;Yamada,T. Effect of harpin from four pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae on pea defense responses Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2001 67 148 151 Journal Article Tans-Kersten,J.;Brown,D.;Allen,C. Swimming motility, a virulence trait of Ralstonia solanacearum, is regulated by FlhDC and the plant host environment Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2004 JUN 17 6 686 695 PT: J 0894-0282 000221537300013 Journal Article Tans-Kersten,J.;Guan,Y.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum pectin methylesterase is required for growth on methylated pectin but not for bacterial wilt virulence Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998 Dec 64 12 4918 4923 Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum causes bacterial wilt, a serious disease of many crop plants. The pathogen produces several extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including polygalacturonases (PGs) and pectin methylesterase (Pme). Pme removes methyl groups from pectin, thereby facilitating subsequent breakdown of this cell wall component by PGs, which are known bacterial wilt virulence factors. R. solanacearum PGs could not degrade 93% methylated pectin unless the substrate was first demethylated by Pme, but as the degree of methylation of the pectin substrate decreased, PG activity increased. Primers derived from a published pme sequence generated an 800-bp DNA probe fragment, which identified Pme-encoding plasmids from a R. solanacearum genomic library. A pme chromosomal mutant had no detectable Pme activity in vitro and no longer grew on 93% methylated pectin as a carbon source. Curiously, the pme mutant, which had no detectable PG activity on highly methylated pectin, was just as virulent as the wild-type strain on tomato, eggplant (aubergine), and tobacco. Since PG activity is required for full virulence, this result suggests that the pectin in these particular hosts may not be highly methylated, or that the breakdown of highly methylated pectin is not a significant factor in the disease process in general. A positive response regulator of PG production called PehR was not required for wild-type Pme production. However, a mutant strain lacking PhcA, which is a global regulator of several virulence genes, produced no detectable Pme activity. Thus, pme expression is directly or indirectly regulated by PhcA but not by PehR. PUBM: Print; JID: 7605801; ppublish 0099-2240 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. PMID: 9835583 Eng JOURNAL ARTICLE Journal Article Tans-Kersten,J.;Huang,H.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum needs motility for invasive virulence on tomato Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2001 183 12 3597 3605 Journal Article Tans-Kerstin,J.;Gay,J.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum AmpD is required for wild-type bacterial wilt virulence Molecular Plant Pathology Mol. Plant Pathol. 2000 1 3 179 185 Journal Article Teixeira,F. R.;Lima,M. C. O. P.;Almeida,H. O.;Romeiro,R. S.;Silva,D. J. H.;Pereira,P. R. G.;Fontes,E. P. B.;Baracat-Pereira,M. C. Bioprospection of cationic and anionic antimicrobial peptides from bell pepper leaves for inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp michiganensis growth Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2006 AUG 154 7-8 418 421 PT: J 0931-1785 000239191000007 Journal Article Terol,J.;Munoz-Soriano,V.;Arahal,D. R.;Buades,C.;Perez-Perez,A.;Llop,P.;Belmonte,U. C. F.;Lopez,M. M.;Perez-Alonso,M. Random genome sequencing of Ralstonia solanacearum strain IVIA 1602 and comparative analysis with strain GMI1000 Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2006 SEP 154 9 556 564 PT: J 0931-1785 000239860600008 Journal Article Thammakijjawat,P.;Thaveechai,N.;Kositratana,W.;Chunwongse,J.;Frederick,R. D.;Schaad,N. W. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in ginger rhizomes by real-time PCR Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology Can. J. Plant Pathol. 2006 JUL-SEP 28 3 391 400 PT: J 0706-0661 000243216800001 Journal Article Thera,A. T.;Jacobsen,B. J.;Neher,O. T. Bacterial wilt of Solanaceae caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 in Mali. Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2010 Mar 2010 94 3 372 372 Not available. Journal Article Thoquet,P.;Olivier,J.;Sperisen,C.;Rogowsky,P.;Prior,P.;Anais,G.;Mangin,B.;Bazin,B.;Nazer,R.;Grimsley,N. Polygenic resistance of tomato plants to bacterial wilt in the French West Indies Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1996 9 9 837 842 Book, Section Thoquet,P.;Stephens,S.;Grimsley,N. Mapping of bacterial wilt resistance genes in tomato variety Hawaii 7996 1993 176 Hartman,G. L.;Hayward,A. C. Bacterial wilt. Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 28-31 Oct. 1992. ACIAR Proceedings N0. 45 ACIAR Canberra, Australia Journal Article Thoquet,P.;Olivier,J.;Sperisen,C.;Rogowsky,P.;Laterrot,H.;Grimsley,N. Quantitative trait loci determining resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato cultivar Hawaii7996 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1996 DEC 9 9 826 836 PT: J 0894-0282 A1996VX33800009 Journal Article Thrane,C.;Nielsen,T. H.;Nielsen,M. N.;Sorensen,J.;Olsson,S. Viscosinamide-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 exerts a biocontrol effect on Pythium ultimum in sugar beet rhizosphere FEMS Microbiology Ecology FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2000 33 139 146 Journal Article Thung,T. Potato diseases and hybridization Phytopathology Phytopathology 1947 37 6 373 381 Journal Article Thurston,H. D. Bacterial wilt of potatoes in Colombia American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1963 40 381 390 Journal Article Thurston,H. D.;Lozano T.,J. C. Resistance to bacterial wilt of potatoes in Columbian clones of Solanum phureja American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1968 45 51 55 Journal Article Tikoo,S. K.;Mathai,P. J.;Kishan,R. Successful Graft Culture of Tomato in Bacterial Wilt Sick Soils Current science Curr. Sci. 1979 48 6 259 260 PT: J 0011-3891 A1979GN52000015 Journal Article Timms-Wilson,T. M.;Bryant,K.;Bailey,M. J. Strain charecterization and 16S-23S probe development for differentiating geographically dispersed isolates of the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Environmental Microbiology Environ. Microbiol. 2001 3 12 785 797 Journal Article Titarenko,E.;LopezSolanilla,E.;GarciaOlmedo,F.;RodriguezPalenzuela,P. Mutants of Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum sensitive to antimicrobial peptides are altered in their lipopolysaccharide structure and are avirulent in tobacco Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1997 NOV 179 21 6699 6704 PT: J 0021-9193 A1997YC93500022 Journal Article Tomlinson,Derek L.;Elphinstone,John G.;Soliman,Mohamed Y.;Hanafy,M. S.;Shoala,Tacsin M.;Abd El-Fatah,Hegazi;Agag,S. H.;Kamal,Mohamed;Abd El-Aliem,M. M.;Fawzi,Faiza G.;Stead,David E.;Janse,Jaap D. Recovery of Ralstonia solanacearum from canal water in traditional potato-growing areas of Egypt but not from designated Pest-Free Areas (PFAs) European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2009 DEC 125 4 589 601 Brown rot;Canal water;Survival;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;STRAINS;Agronomy;Plant Sciences;Horticulture Surveys over three seasons of irrigation, drainage and artesian well water throughout the major potato-growing areas of Egypt indicated that Ralstonia solanacearum bv. 2 race 3 (phylotype II sequevar 1), cause of potato brown rot, was limited to the canals of the traditional potato-growing areas in the Nile Delta region, with positive findings more commonly associated with the network of smaller irrigation canals flowing through potato-growing areas. Pathogen populations in the canals of the Delta (similar to 100-200 cfu l(-1)) were generally variable throughout the year with presence linked to potato cultivation in the immediate area. The pathogen was not detected in irrigation or drainage water associated with potato cultivation in the newly reclaimed desert areas (designated as Pest-Free Areas, PFAs) or in the main branches of the Nile upstream from these areas. In vitro studies showed that temperature and microbial activity were the main factors affecting survival of the pathogen in canal water. In experiments at temperatures of 4, 15, 28 and 35 degrees C, survival was longest at 15 degrees C and shortest at 35 degrees C. Survival at 4 and 28 degrees C tended to be intermediate between these extremes as was survival when the bacterium was grown at fluctuating temperatures. Aeration, solarisation and pH variation between 4 and 9 appeared to have little effect on survival. Survival in autoclaved or filter-sterilised canal water was longer than in untreated water irrespective of other factors with survival times exceeding 300 days at 15 degrees C in some experiments. Evidence is presented indicating that survival in water-saturated sediment may be longer than in the overlying water suggesting that sediment may provide a protective niche for the pathogen in some circumstances. The maximum survival time in non-sterile Egyptian canal water at high inoculum pressure was estimated to be up to 300 days at optimum temperature for survival (15-30 degrees C) suggesting the potential for long-distance spread in Egyptian surface waters from sources of contamination. PT: J; NR: 31; TC: 0; J9: EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY; PG: 13; GA: 512PU SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0929-1873 [Tomlinson, Derek L.; Elphinstone, John G.; Stead, David E.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Soliman, Mohamed Y.; Hanafy, M. S.; Shoala, Tacsin M.; Abd El-Fatah, Hegazi; Agag, S. H.; Kamal, Mohamed; Abd El-Aliem, M. M.; Fawzi, Faiza G.] Potato Brown Rot Project PBRP, Cairo, Egypt. [Janse, Jaap D.] NAK, Dept Lab Methods & Diagnost, NL-8300 BC Emmeloord, Netherlands.; Tomlinson, DL, Food & Environm Res Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England.; derek.tomlinson@fera.gsi.gov.uk 000271263100008 English Article 10.1007/s10658-009-9508-1 Journal Article Tomlinson,D. L.;Mogistein,M. Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt of Peanut (Arachis-Hypogaea) Caused by Pseudomonas-Solanacearum and Opportunistic Infection of Aibika (Abelmoschus-Manihot) in Papua-New-Guinea Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 1989 JUN 38 2 287 289 PT: J 0032-0862 A1989AB26800021 Journal Article Toukam,Gabriel Mahbou Somo;Cellier,Gilles;Wicker,Emmanuel;Guilbaud,Caroline;Kahane,Remi;Allen,Caitilyn;Prior,Philippe Broad diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains in Cameroon Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2009 NOV 93 11 1123 1130 HRP GENE REGION;BACTERIAL WILT;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;AFRICAN;STRAINS;SOIL AMENDMENT;TOMATO;BIOVAR-2;RESISTANCE;SURVIVAL;RACE-3;Plant Sciences In 2005, an extensive survey of bacterial wilt in Cameroon collected 110 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from wilting tomato. potato, pepper, huckleberry (Solarium scabrum), sesame, and amaranth. The genetic diversity and phylogeny of selected strains from Cameroon were assessed by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), race 3/biovar 2-specific PCR, and sequence analyses of the mutS and egl genes. These data were compared with those from 33 reference strains covering the known diversity within the R. solanacearum species complex. Strains isolated in Cameroon clustered into three of the four known phylotypes: I (Asian), II (American), and III (African). Lowland tomato strains belonged to phylotype I and were quite homogeneous. The strains belonging to phylotype II were genetically diverse, and partitioned into subclusters IIA and IIB (sequevar 1, race 3/biovar 2). Cameroon strains in the African phylotype III were distinct from reference strains from Zimbabwe or the Indian Ocean, highlighting the genetic diversity present within this phylotype. Strains from potatoes growing in the highlands of West Cameroon fell into both phylotypes II (race 3/biovar 2) and III. These phylotype II and III highland strains attacked both potato and tomato and could therefore pose an economic threat to potato and tomato crops throughout Central Africa. This is the first comprehensive report on the genetic diversity of R. solanacearum strains in Cameroon. PT: J; NR: 42; TC: 0; J9: PLANT DIS; PG: 8; GA: 509UV AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC ST PAUL; 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA 0191-2917 [Prior, Philippe] CIRAD, INRA, UMRC53, PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion. [Toukam, Gabriel Mahbou Somo] IRAD, Programme Legumineuses & Cultures Maricheres, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Guilbaud, Caroline] INRA, Pathol Vegetale Stn, F-84140 Montfavet, France. [Kahane, Remi] CIRAD, UPR Hort, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Allen, Caitilyn] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Prior, P, CIRAD, INRA, UMRC53, PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion.; philippe.prior@cirad.fr 000271045000005 English Article 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1123 Journal Article Toyoda,H.;Matsuda,K.;Dogo,M.;Kakutani,K.;Akaza,K.;Yamashita,S.;Imanishi,Y.;Matsuda,Y.;Hamada,M.;Ouchi,S. Antibacterial activities of indole against Pseudomonas solanacearum (II). Inhibitory effect of indole derivatives on bacterial growth Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1991 57 716 719 Journal Article Toyoda,H.;Shimizu,K.;Chatani,K.;Kita,N.;Matsuda,Y.;Ouchi,S. Selection of Bacterial Wilt-Resistant Tomato through Tissue-Culture Plant Cell Reports Plant Cell Rep. 1989 SEP 8 6 317 320 PT: J 0721-7714 A1989AQ08500002 Journal Article Toyota,K.;Kimura,M. Supression of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil following colonization by other strains of R. solanacearum Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2000 46 449 459 Journal Article Toyota,K.;Kimura,M. Growth of the bacterial wilt pathogen Pseudomonas solanacearum introduced into soil colonized by individual soil bacteria Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 1996 28 1489 1494 Journal Article Toyota,K.;Kimura,M.;Kinoshita,T. Microbiological factors affecting the colonization of tomato roots by Ralstonia solanacearum YU1Rif43lux Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2000 SEP 46 3 643 653 PT: J 0038-0768 000089096300009 Journal Article Trigalet,A.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;Feuillade,R. Aggressiveness of French isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum and their potential use in biocontrol Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 101 107 Book, Section Trigalet,A.;Trigalet-Demery,D.;Prior,P. Elements of biocontrol of tomato bacterial wilt 1998 332 336 Prior,P.;Allen,C.;Elphinstone,J. Bacterial wilt disease: Molecular and ecological aspects Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany Journal Article Trigalet,A.;Trigaletdemery,D. Use of Avirulent Mutants of Pseudomonas-Solanacearum for the Biological-Control of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Plants Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1990 JAN 36 1 27 38 PT: J 0885-5765 A1990CT48500003 Journal Article Tsujimoto,S.;Nakaho,K.;Adachi,M.;Ohnishi,K.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y. Contribution of the type II secretion system in systemic infectivity of Ralstonia solanacearum through xylem vessels Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2008 74 71 75 Journal Article Tung,P. X.;Hermsen,J. G. Th;Vander Zaag,P.;Schmiediche,P. E. Inheritance of resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith in tetraploid potato Plant Breeding Plant Breed. 1993 111 23 30 Journal Article Tung,P. X. Genetic-Variation for Bacterial Wilt Resistance in a Population of Tetraploid Potato Euphytica Euphytica 1992 APR 61 1 73 80 PT: J 0014-2336 A1992JR04700010 Journal Article Turco,P.;Saccardi,A.;Piazzi,E.;Martini,G.;Melegatti,A.;Xodo,E.;Gambin,E. Monitoring of Ralstonia solanacearum in the Veneto region (Italy) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 85 92 Journal Article Tyner,D. N.;Hocart,M. J.;Lennard,J. H.;Graham,D. C. Periderm and lenticel characterization in relation to potato cultivar, soil moisture and tuber maturity Potato Research Potato Res. 1997 40 181 190 Journal Article Ueda,M.;Kotani,Y.;Sutrisno,A.;Nakazawa,M.;Miyatake,K. Purification and characterization of chitinase B from moderately thermophilic bacterium Ralstonia sp A-471 Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 2005 APR 69 4 842 844 PT: J 0916-8451 000228915700025 Journal Article Ustun,N.;Ozakman,M.;Karahan,A. First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 on tomato in Turkey Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2008 57 4 773 No abstract Journal Article Vailleau,F.;Sartorel,E.;Jardinaud,M-F;Chardon,F.;Genin,S.;Huguet,T.;Gentzbittel,L.;Petitprez,M. Characterization of the interaction between the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the model legume plant Medicago truncatula Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2007 20 2 159 167 Journal Article Vakili,N. G. Inheritance of Resistance in Musa Acuminata to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Tomato Race of Pseudomonas Solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1965 55 11 1206 & PT: J 0031-949X A19657004000012 Journal Article Vakili,N. G.;Baldwin,C. H. Insect Dissemination of Tomato Race of Pseudomonas Solanacearum Cause of Bacterial Wilt of Certain Musa Species Phytopathology Phytopathology 1966 56 3 355 & PT: J 0031-949X A19667476500029 Journal Article Valls,M.;Genin,S.;Boucher,C. Integrated regulation of the type III secretion system and other virulence determinants in Ralstonia solanacearum Plos Pathogens 2006 AUG 2 8 798 807 PT: J 1553-7366 000202894800009 Journal Article van Alfen,N. K. Reassessment of plant wilt toxins Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1989 27 533 550 Book, Section van der Wolf,J. M.;Bonants,P. J. M.;Smith,J. J.;Hagenaar,M.;Nijhuis,E.;van Beckhoven,J. R. C. M.;Saddler,G. S.;Trigalet,A.;Feuillade,R. Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 in Western Europe determined by AFLP, RC-PFGE and Rep-PCR 1998 44 49 Prior,P.;Allen,C.;Elphinstone,J. Bacterial wilt disease: Molecular and ecological aspects Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany Journal Article Van der Wolf,J. M.;Van Beckhoven,J. R. C. M.;De Haan,E. G.;Van den Bovenkamp,G. W.;Leone,G. O. M. Specific detection of Ralstonia solanacearum 16S rRNA sequences by AmpliDet RNA European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2004 JAN 110 1 25 33 PT: J 0929-1873 000187566800004 Journal Article van der Wolf,J. M.;Vriend,S. G. C.;Kastelein,P.;Nijhuis,E. H.;van Bekkum,P. J.;van Vuurde,J. W. L. Immunofluorescence colony-staining (IFC) for detection and quantification of Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum biovar 2 (race 3) in soil and verification of positive results by PCR dilution plating European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2000 106 123 133 Journal Article van der Wolfe,J. M.;van Bekkum,P. J.;van Elsas,J. D.;Nijhuis,E. H.;Vriend,S. G. C.;Ruissen,M. A. Immunofluorescence colony staining and selective enrichment in liquid medium for studying the population dynamics of Ralstonia solanacearum (race 3) in soil Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 71 78 Conference OEPP sur Ralstonia solanacearum/EPPO conference on Ralstonia solanacearum Verona, Italy Conference Proceedings van der Wolfe,J. M.;van Bekkum,P. J.;van Elsas,J. D.;Nijhuis,E. H.;Vriend,S. G. C.;Ruissen,M. A. Immunofluorescence colony staining and selective enrichment in liquid medium for studying the population dynamics of Ralstonia solanacearum (race 3) in soil 1997 March, 25-27 8 Conference OEPP sur Ralstonia solanacearum/EPPO conference on Ralstonia solanacearum Verona, Italy Journal Article van Elsas,J. D.;Kastelein,P.;de Vries,P. M.;van Overbeek,L. S. Effects of ecological factors on the survival and physiology of Ralstonia solanacearum bv. 2 in irrigation water Canadian Journal of Microbiology Can. J. Microbiol. 2001 47 842 854 Journal Article van Elsas,J. D.;Kastelein,P.;van Bekkum,P.;van der Wolf,J. M.;de Vries,P. M.;van Overbeek,L. S. Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot, in field and microcosm soils in temperate climates 2000 90 1358 1366 Book, Section van Elsas,J. D.;Smalla,K. Methods for sampling soil microbes 1997 383 390 Hurst,C. J.;Knudsen,G. R.;McInerney,M. J.;Stetzenbach,L. D.;Walter,M. V. Manual of environmental microbiology ASM Press Washington, D. C. Journal Article Van Gijsegem,F.;Vasse,J.;Camus,J. C.;Marenda,M.;Boucher,C. Ralstonia solanacearum produces Hrp-dependent pili that are required for PopA secretion but not for attachment of bacteria to plant cells Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2000 APR 36 2 249 260 PT: J 0950-382X 000086980800001 Journal Article Van Gijsegem,F.;Vasse,J.;De Rycke,R.;Castello,P.;Boucher,C. Genetic dissection of the Ralstonia solanacearum hrp gene cluster reveals that the HrpV and HrpX proteins are required for Hrp pilus assembly Molecular Microbiology Mol. Microbiol. 2002 MAY 44 4 935 946 PT: J 0950-382X 000175531300004 Journal Article van Overbeek,L. S.;Bergervoet,J. H. W.;Jacobs,F. H. H.;van Elsas,J. D. The low-temperature-induced viable-but-noncultural state affects the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 Phytopathology Phytopathology 2004 94 463 469 Journal Article van Overbeek,L. S.;Cassidy,M.;Kozdroj,J.;Trevors,J. T.;van Elsas,J. D. A polyphasic approach for studying the interaction between Ralstonia solanacearum and potential control agents in the tomato phytosphere Journal of microbiological methods J. Microbiol. Meth. 2002 JAN 48 1 69 86 PT: J 0167-7012 000173255100005 Journal Article Vanitha,S. C.;Niranjana,S. R.;Mortensen,C. N.;Umesha,S. Bacterial wilt of tomato in Karnataka and its management by Pseudomonas fluorescens Biocontrol Biocontrol 2009 OCT 54 5 685 695 Bacterial wilt;Tomato;Ralstonia solanacearum;Management;Pseudomonas fluorescens;GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA;BIOLOGICAL SEED TREATMENT;PLANT-GROWTH;SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE;RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM;DISEASE;INCIDENCE;CONTROL AGENTS;FUSARIUM-WILT;RICE BLAST;INDUCTION;Entomology Field surveys undertaken in major tomato growing districts of the Karnataka state, located in southern part of India, revealed a high incidence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and it is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of economically important crops. Across all the tomato cultivars under evaluation, the disease incidence in plants ranged from 9% to 39% whereas the incidence in seeds ranged from 4% to 18%. The effects of tomato seed treatments with Pseudomonas fluorescens in the control of bacterial wilt under greenhouse conditions revealed that the treatments protected plants against soil-borne infections of the bacterial wilt organism. Seed treatment with antagonistic P. fluorescens strain significantly improved the quality of seed germination and seedling vigour. The disease incidence was significantly reduced in plants raised from P. fluorescens treated seeds followed by challenge inoculation with R. solanacearum. Periodic field surveys for the incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato could be recommended to monitor the populations of the bacterial wilt pathogen. Workable measures are presented that could lead to the reduction of the prevalence of this serious disease in affected fields of the small farm-holders. PT: J; NR: 45; TC: 0; J9: BIOCONTROL; PG: 11; GA: 495IA SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 1386-6141 [Vanitha, S. C.; Niranjana, S. R.; Umesha, S.] Univ Mysore, Dept Studies Biotechnol, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India. [Mortensen, C. N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Danish Seed Hlth Ctr Dev Countries, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.; Umesha, S, Univ Mysore, Dept Studies Biotechnol, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.; vanitha_cshekhar@yahoo.co.in pmumesh@gmail.com 000269883100008 English Article 10.1007/s10526-009-9217-x Journal Article Vanitha,Shyanadrahalli Chandrashekaraiah;Niranjana,Siddapura Ramachandrappa;Umesha,Sharanaiah Role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase in host resistance to bacterial wilt of tomato Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2009 SEP 157 9 552 557 bacterial wilt;phenylalanine ammonia lyase;polyphenol oxidase;Ralstonia solanacearum;tomato;DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION;SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE;DISEASE RESISTANCE;INDUCTION;INFECTION;ELICITOR;CUCUMBER;GROWTH;RICE;PEROXIDASE;Plant Sciences Plants respond to bacterial pathogen attack by activating various defence responses, which are associated with the accumulation of several factors like defence-related enzymes and inhibitors which serve to prevent pathogen infection. The present study focused on the role of the defence-related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in imparting resistance to tomato against bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The temporal pattern of induction of these enzymes showed maximum activity at 12 h and 15 h for PAL and PPO, respectively, after the pathogen inoculation (hpi) in resistant cultivars. Twenty different tomato cultivars were analyzed for PAL, PPO and total phenol content following pathogen inoculation. The enzyme activities and total phenol content increased significantly (P < 0.05) in resistant cultivars upon pathogen inoculation. The increase in enzyme activities and total phenol content were not significant in susceptible and highly susceptible cultivars. The role of PAL and PPO in imparting resistance to tomato against bacterial wilt disease is discussed. PT: J; NR: 35; TC: 0; J9: J PHYTOPATHOL; PG: 6; GA: 480BR WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0931-1785 [Vanitha, Shyanadrahalli Chandrashekaraiah; Niranjana, Siddapura Ramachandrappa; Umesha, Sharanaiah] Univ Mysore, Dept Appl Bot & Biotechnol, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.; Umesha, S, Univ Mysore, Dept Appl Bot & Biotechnol, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.; pmumesh@gmail.com 000268707300004 English Article 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01526.x Journal Article Varbanets,L. D.;Rubalko,S. L.;Dyadun,S. T.;Brovarskaya,O. S. Biological activity of modified Ralstonia solanacearum lipopolysaccharide European Cytokine Network Eur. Cytokine Netw. 1998 SEP 9 3 437 437 PT: J 1148-5493 000076839700319 Journal Article Varbanets,L. D.;Vasil'ev,V. N.;Brovarskaya,O. S. Characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Ralstonia solanacearum Microbiology Microbiology 2003 JAN-FEB 72 1 12 17 PT: J 0026-2617 000181417600003 Journal Article Vasse,J.;Genin,S.;Frey,P.;Boucher,C.;Brito,B. The hrpB and hrpG regulatory genes of Ralstonia solanacearum are required for different stages of the tomato root infection process Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2000 MAR 13 3 259 267 PT: J 0894-0282 000085383900002 Journal Article Vaughan,E. K. Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1944 34 443 458 Journal Article Velupillai,M.;Stall,R. E. Variation among strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum from Florida Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1984 97 209 213 Journal Article Verma,R. K.;Shekhawat,G. S. Effect of crop rotation and chemical soil treatment on bacterial wilt of potato Indian Phytopathology Indian Phytopath. 1991 44 1 5 8 Journal Article Versalovic,J.;Koeuth,T.;Lupski,J. R. Distribution of repititve DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes Nucleic Acids Research Nucl. Ac. Res. 1991 19 24 6823 6831 Journal Article Villa,J.;Tsuchiya,K.;Horita,M.;Natural,M.;Opina,N.;Hyakumachi,M. DNA analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum and related bacteria based on 282-bp PCR-amplified fragment Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2003 NOV 87 11 1337 1343 PT: J 0191-2917 000186082000011 Journal Article Villareal,R. L.;Lai,S. H. Reaction of 3 Tomato Cultivars, their F1s and 3-Way Crosses to 2 Isolates of Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas-Solana-Cearum) HortScience HortScience 1978 13 3 366 366 PT: J 0018-5345 A1978FD50200219 Journal Article Vivencio,L. Q.;Aragaki,M. Bacterial wilt of bird-of-paradise caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1963 53 1115 1116 Journal Article Volcani,Z.;Palti,J. Pseudomonas solanacearum in Israel Plant Disease Reporter Plant Dis. Rep. 1960 44 448 449 Journal Article Wakimoto,S.;Utatsu,I.;Matsuo,N.;Hayashi,N. Multiplication of Pseudomonas solanacearum in pure water Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 1982 48 620 627 Journal Article Walcott,R. R.;Gitaitis,R. D. Detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in watermelon seed using immunomagnetic separation and the polymerase chain reaction Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2000 84 4 470 474 Journal Article Walcott,R. R.;Gitaitis,R. D.;Castro,A. C.;Sanders Jr.,F. H.;Diaz-Perez,J. C. Natural infestation of onion seed by Pantoea ananatis, causal agent of center rot Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2002 86 2 106 111 Journal Article Waller,J. M.;Manser,P. D. The Gambia - Bacterial Wilt of Capsicum FAO Plant Protection Bulletin FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 1980 28 3 115 116 PT: J 0014-5637 A1980LG05000006 Journal Article Wang,J. F.;Olivier,J.;Thoquet,P.;Mangin,B.;Sauviac,L.;Grimsley,N. H. Resistance of tomato lines Hawaii7996 to Ralstonia solanacearum Pss4 in Taiwan is controlled mainly ba a major strain-specific locus Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2000 13 6 13 Journal Article Wang,C. L.;Takenaka,S.;Murakami,S.;Aoki,K. Production of catechol from benzoate by the wild strain Ralstonia species Ba-0323 and characterization of its catechol 1,2-dioxygenase Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 2001 SEP 65 9 1957 1964 PT: J 0916-8451 000171382900003 Journal Article Watanabe,J. A.;Orrillo,M.;Watanabe,K. N. Resistance to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of potato evaluated by survival and yield performance at high temperatures Breeding Science Breed. Sci. 1999 JUN 49 2 63 68 PT: J 0536-3683 000082559700002 Journal Article Watanabe,K.;Elnashaar,H. M.;Iwanaga,M. Transmission of Bacterial Wilt Resistance by 1st Division Restitution (Fdr) 2n Pollen Via 4xx2x Crosses in Potatoes Euphytica Euphytica 1992 MAR 60 1 21 26 PT: J 0014-2336 A1992JE17100003 Journal Article Weingart,H.;Volksch,B.;Ullrich,M. S. Comparison of ethylene production by Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1999 MAY 89 5 360 365 PT: J 0031-949X 000079949100003 Journal Article Weingartner,D. P.;Shumaker,J. R. Control of nematodes and soil-borne diseases in Florida potatoes with Aldicarb and 1,3-D Supplement to Journal of Nematology Supp. J. Nematol. 1990 22 775 778 Journal Article Weingartner,D. P.;Shumaker,J. R. Effects of soil fumigants and aldicarb on bacterial wilt and root-knot nematodes in potato Supplement to Journal of Nematology Supp. J. Nematol. 1990 22 681 688 Report Weingartner,D. P.;Shumaker,J. R. Influence of potato cultivars and harvest dates on incidence of bacterial wilt and tuber brown rot 1987 Sept, 10 HAS 1987-2 6 Agricultural Research and Education Center Hastings, Florida Journal Article Weingartner,D. P.;Shumaker,J. R. Bacterial wilt and tuber brown rot as a potential threat to potato production in Northeast Florida Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1984 97 198 200 Journal Article Weingartner,D. P.;Shumaker,J. R. Development of Bacterial Wilt and Tuber Brown Rot in 6 Potato Cultivars American Potato Journal Am. Potato J. 1987 AUG 64 8 465 465 PT: J 0003-0589 A1987K099200095 Journal Article Weisburg,W. G.;Barns,S. M.;Pelletier,D. A.;Lane,D. J. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phlogenetic study Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 1991 173 2 697 703 Journal Article Weller,S. A.;Elphinstone,J. G.;Smith,N. C.;Boonham,N.;Stead,D. E. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum strains with a quantitative, multiplex, real-time, fluorogenic PCR (TaqMan) assay Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000 Jul 66 7 2853 2858 Betaproteobacteria/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism;DNA Probes;Fluorescent Dyes;Plant Diseases/microbiology;Plant Extracts/analysis;Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods;Sensitivity and Specificity;Solanum tuberosum/microbiology;Taq Polymerase/metabolism A fluorogenic (TaqMan) PCR assay was developed to detect Ralstonia solanacearum strains. Two fluorogenic probes were utilized in a multiplex reaction; one broad-range probe (RS) detected all biovars of R. solanacearum, and a second more specific probe (B2) detected only biovar 2A. Amplification of the target was measured by the 5' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase on each probe, resulting in emission of fluorescence. TaqMan PCR was performed with DNA extracted from 42 R. solanacearum and genetically or serologically related strains to demonstrate the specificity of the assay. In pure cultures, detection of R. solanacearum to >/=10(2) cells ml(-1) was achieved. Sensitivity decreased when TaqMan PCR was performed with inoculated potato tissue extracts, prepared by currently recommended extraction procedures. A third fluorogenic probe (COX), designed with the potato cytochrome oxidase gene sequence, was also developed for use as an internal PCR control and was shown to detect potato DNA in an RS-COX multiplex TaqMan PCR with infected potato tissue. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay, combined with high speed, robustness, reliability, and the possibility of automating the technique, offer potential advantages in routine indexing of potato tubers and other plant material for the presence of R. solanacearum. LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA Probes); 0 (Fluorescent Dyes); 0 (Plant Extracts); EC 2.7.7.- (Taq Polymerase); ppublish UNITED STATES 0099-2240 Central Science Laboratory, MAFF, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom. s.weller@csl.gov.uk PMID: 10877778 eng Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM Journal Article Wenneker,M.;Verdel,M. S. W.;Groeneveld,R. M. W.;Kempenaar,C.;van Beuningen,A. R.;Janse,J. D. Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3 (biovar 2) in surface water and natural weed hosts: First report on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1999 105 307 315 Journal Article Wesche,J.;Hammer,E.;Becher,D.;Burchhardt,G.;Schauer,F. The bphC gene-encoded 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase is involved in complete degradation of dibenzofuran by the biphenyl-degrading bacterium Ralstonia sp SBUG 290 Journal of applied microbiology J. Appl. Microbiol. 2005 98 3 635 645 PT: J 1364-5072 000226963200012 Journal Article Wicker,E.;Grassart,L.;Coranson-Beaudu,R.;Mian,D.;Guilbaud,C.;Fegan,M.;Prior,P. Ralstonia solanacearum Strains from Martinique (French West Indies) Exhibiting a New Pathogenic Potential (vol 73, pg 6790, 2007) Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009 75 2 558 558 Journal Article Wicker,E.;Grassart,L.;Coranson-Beaudu,R.;Mian,D.;Prior,P. Epidemiological evidence for the emergence of a new pathogenic variant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Martinique (French West Indies) Plant Pathology Plant Pathol. 2009 OCT 58 5 853 861 Anthurium;bacterial wilt;crop successions;cucurbitaceous crops;Heliconia;solanaceous crops;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;COSTA RICA;STRAINS;PHYLOGENY;BANANAS;HOSTS;Agronomy;Plant Sciences The emergence of a new genotype and pathogenic variant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Martinique is described. Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops caused by phylotype-I and -II strains ('historical strains'), was reported in Martinique in the 1960s. From 1999, Anthurium and cucurbit production was strongly affected by strains described as a new pathogenic variant genotyped phylotype IIB/sequevar4NPB (phIIB/4NPB). The following questions concerning these strains were investigated: (i) were they introduced or endemic, (ii) was their distribution widespread in Martinique, and (iii) which factors Could explain this emergence? This study examined 221 isolates collected from 1989 to 2003 after several surveys. The main Survey (2002-03) included 115 vegetable and ornamental crop farms. From 1999 to 2001, these phIIB/4NPB strains were initially described as the 'Anthurium-cucurbit' strain. In 2003, they made up one-third of the isolates recovered from solanaceous hosts, particularly tomato. This pathogenic variant of R. solanacearum was consistently recovered from wild species and several weeds throughout Martinique, Suggesting that these strains were well established in Martinique. Data reported are consistent with the emergence of 1 new Population of R. solanacearum in Martinique, which has spread rapidly across the entire island and may overtake the previously established population, particularly on tomatoes. Evidence is presented which suggests that the emergence of these new strains is more frequent on vegetable crops when cucurbitaceous and musaceous plants are grown in succession. PT: J; NR: 34; TC: 0; J9: PLANT PATHOL; PG: 9; GA: 504DA WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC MALDEN; COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA 0032-0862 [Wicker, E.; Coranson-Beaudu, R.] CIRAD, PRAM, UPR HORTSYS, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique. [Grassart, L.] DAF SPV, F-97205 Fort De France, Martinique. [Mian, D.] FREDON, F-97205 Fort De France, Martinique. [Wicker, E.; Prior, P.] INRA, CIRAD, UMR C53, F-97410 Ligne Paradis, St Pierre, Reunion.; Wicker, E, CIRAD, PRAM, UPR HORTSYS, F-97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique.; wicker@cirad.fr 000270592900006 English Article 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02098.x Journal Article Wicker,E.;Grassart,L.;Coranson-Beaudu,R.;Mian,D.;Guilbaud,C.;Fegan,M.;Prior,P. Ralstonia Solanacearum strains from Martinique (French West Indies) exhibiting a new pathogenic potential Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007 Aug 24 We investigated a destructive pathogenic variant of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that was consistently isolated in Martinique (French West Indies). Since the 1960's, bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in Martinique has been primarily caused by strains of R. solanacearum which belong to either phylotype I or phylotype II. From 1999 anthurium shade-houses have been dramatically affected by uncharacterized phylotype II strains, which also affected a wide range of species: Heliconia caribea, cucurbitaceous crops, weeds. From 1989 to 2003 a total of 224 R. solanacearum isolates were collected, and compared to 6 strains isolated in Martinique in the 1980s. The genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of selected strains from Martinique were assessed (multiplex-PCRs, mutS and egl DNA sequence analysis), and compared to 32 reference strains covering the known diversity within the R. solanacearum species complex. Twenty-four representative isolates were tested for pathogenicity to Musa sp. and tomato, eggplant and sweet pepper. Based upon both PCR and sequence analysis, 119 Martinique isolates from anthurium, Cucurbitaceae, Heliconia, and tomato, were determined to belong to a group termed phylotype II/sequevar 4 (II/4). While these strains cluster with the Moko disease-causing strains, they were not pathogenic to banana (NPB). The strains belonging to phylotype II/4NPB were highly pathogenic to tomato, eggplant and pepper, were able to wilt the resistant tomato variety Hawaii7996, and may latently infect cooking banana. Phylotype II/4NPB constitutes a new pathogenic variant of R. solanacearum that has recently appeared in Martinique and may be latently prevalent thoughout Carribean and Central/South America. PUBM: Print-Electronic; DEP: 20070824; JID: 7605801; aheadofprint 0099-2240 CIRAD, UPR Horticulture, PRAM, Le Lamentin, Martinique, F-97285 France; DAF/SPV, Fort de France, Martinique, F- 97205 France; FREDON, Fort de France, Martinique, F-97205 France; INRA Avignon, Montfavet, F-84140 France; School of Molecular and Mi(TRUNCATED) PMID: 17720825; AEM.00841-07 [pii] ENG JOURNAL ARTICLE 10.1128/AEM.00841-07 Journal Article Wieruszeski,J. M.;Bohin,A.;Bohin,J. P.;Lippens,G. In vivo detection of the cyclic osmoregulated periplasmic glucan of Ralstonia solanacearum by high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR Journal of Magnetic Resonance J. Magnetic Res. 2001 JUL 151 1 118 123 PT: J 1090-7807 000169823900015 Journal Article Williamson,J. W.;Hartel,P. G. Rhizosphere growth of Pseudomonas solanacearum genetically altered in extracellular enzyme production Soil Biology & Biochemistry Soil Biol. Biochem. 1991 23 453 458 Journal Article Williamson,L.;Nakaho,K.;Hudelson,B.;Allen,C. Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 strains isolated from geranioum are pathogenic on potato Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2002 86 987 991 Journal Article Wilson,C. R.;Conner,A. J. Activity of antimicrobial peptides against the causal agents of common scab, black leg and tuber soft rot diseases of potato New Zealand Natural Sciences New Zealand Natural Sciences 1995 22 43 50 Journal Article Wilson,M.;Campbell,H. L.;Ji,P.;Jones,J. B.;Cuppels,D. A. Biological control of bacterial speck of tomato under field conditions at several locations in North america Phytopathology Phytopathology 2002 92 12 1284 1292 Journal Article Winstead,N. N.;Kelman,A. Inoculation techniques for evaluating resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1952 42 628 634 Journal Article Witcombe,J. R.;Petre,R.;Jones,S.;Joshi,A. Farmer participatory crop improvement. IV. The spread and impact of a rice variety identified by participatory varietal selection Experimental Agriculture Expl. Agric. 1999 35 471 487 Journal Article Wolf,F. A.;Wolf,F. T. The Chemical Composition of Leaves of Diseased Tobacco - Ring Spot, Bacterial Wilt, and Fusarium Wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 1955 45 9 506 508 PT: J 0031-949X A1955WJ02500010 Journal Article Wright,A. J. Legislative measures to prevent the introduction and spread of Ralstonia solanacearum in the European Union Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 1998 28 513 518 Journal Article Wullings,B. A.;Van Beuningen,A. R.;Janse,J. D.;Akkermans,A. D. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes brown rot of potato, by fluorescent in situ hybridization with 23S rRNA-targeted probes Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998 Nov 64 11 4546 4554 Base Sequence;In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence;Molecular Sequence Data;Nucleic Acid Conformation;Phylogeny;Plant Diseases;Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods;Pseudomonas/genetics/isolation & purification;RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics;RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry/genetics;Sequence Alignment;Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid;Solanum tuberosum/microbiology During the past few years, Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, was repeatedly found in potatoes in Western Europe. To detect this bacterium in potato tissue samples, we developed a method based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The nearly complete genes encoding 23S rRNA of five R. solanacearum strains and one Ralstonia pickettii strain were PCR amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by sequence alignment. This resulted in the construction of an unrooted tree and supported previous conclusions based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison in which R. solanacearum strains are subdivided into two clusters. Based on the alignments, two specific probes, RSOLA and RSOLB, were designed for R. solanacearum and the closely related Ralstonia syzygii and blood disease bacterium. The specificity of the probes was demonstrated by dot blot hybridization with RNA extracted from 88 bacterial strains. Probe RSOLB was successfully applied in FISH detection with pure cultures and potato tissue samples, showing a strong fluorescent signal. Unexpectedly, probe RSOLA gave a less intense signal with target cells. Potato samples are currently screened by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). By simultaneously applying IIF and the developed specific FISH, two independent targets for identification of R. solanacearum are combined, resulting in a rapid (1-day), accurate identification of the undesired pathogen. The significance of the method was validated by detecting the pathogen in soil and water samples and root tissue of the weed host Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet) in contaminated areas. LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; GENBANK/AF012416; GENBANK/AF012417; GENBANK/AF012418; GENBANK/AF012419; GENBANK/AF012420; GENBANK/AF012421; JID: 7605801; 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S); ppublish UNITED STATES 0099-2240 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. PMID: 9797321 eng Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM Journal Article Wydra,K.;Beri,H. Immunohistochemical changes in methyl-ester distribution of homogalacturonan and side, chain composition of rhamnogalacturonan I as possible components of basal resistance in tomato inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2007 JAN-MAR 70 1-3 13 24 PT: J 0885-5765 000250344200004 Journal Article Wydra,K.;Boszo,Z.;Diogo,R.;Ghareeb,H.;Huong,N.;Ott,P.;Schacht,T.;Stahl,F. Silicon-induced resistance affects basal resistance mechanisms of tomato infected with Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection J. Plant Dis. Prot. 2008 115 1 40 41 Not found Journal Article Wydra,K.;Berl,H. Structural changes of homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinogalactan protein in xylem cell walls of tomato genotypes in reaction to Ralstonia solanacearum Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2006 JAN-MAR 68 1-3 41 50 PT: J 0885-5765 000242256300006 Journal Article Xu,J.;Pan,Z. C.;Prior,P.;Xu,J. S.;Zhang,Z.;Zhang,H.;Zhang,L. Q.;He,L. Y.;Feng,J. Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from China European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2009 DEC 125 4 641 653 Genetic diversity;Phylogeny;Phylotype;Ralstonia solanacearum;Sequevar;PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM;BURKHOLDERIA-SOLANACEARUM;SEQUENCE;ALIGNMENT;BACTERIUM;PRIMERS;AFRICAN;RACE-3;REGION;Agronomy;Plant Sciences;Horticulture A survey of bacterial wilt in China collected 286 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from 17 plant species in 13 Chinese provinces to investigate genetic diversity using the biovar (bv.) and phylotype classification schemes. A phylotype-specific multiplex-PCR showed that 198 isolates belonged to phylotype I (bv. 3, 4 and 5) and 68 to phylotype II (bv. 2 and bv. 1). A phylogenetic analysis examined the partial sequence of the egl and hrpB gene of all strains and the genetic diversity of 95 representatives was reported, demonstrating that Chinese strains are partitioned into phylotype I (Asia) and II (Americas). Phylotype I strains (historically typed bv. 3, 4 and 5), had considerable phylogenetic diversity, including 10 different sequevars: seven previously described sequevars 12 to 18 and three new sequevars: 34, 44 and 48. Chinese strains Z1, Z2, Z3, Z7, Pe74 and Tm82 were not genetically distinguishable from the edible ginger reference strain ACH92 (r4-bv. 4) for sequevar 16. This is believed to be the first report of this ginger group in China. All Chinese bv. 2 strains falling into the genetically and phenotypically diverse phylotype II were placed into phylotype IIB sequevar 1 (historically the Andean race3-bv. 2 potato brown rot agent). In both the egl and hrpB sequence-based trees, strains isolated from mulberry were present in two distinct branches found in sequevars 12 and 48 (reference strains R292 and M2, respectively). PT: J; NR: 33; TC: 0; J9: EUR J PLANT PATHOLOGY; PG: 13; GA: 512PU SPRINGER DORDRECHT; VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0929-1873 [Xu, J.; Pan, Z. C.; Xu, J. S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, L. Q.; He, L. Y.; Feng, J.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Prior, P.] CIRAD INRA, UMRC53, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion.; Feng, J, Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, 2 W Yuanmingyuan Rd, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.; jfeng@ippcaas.cn 000271263100012 English Article 10.1007/s10658-009-9512-5 Journal Article Xue,Q.;Guo,J. Screen of antagonistic bacteria against Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2008 98 6 S175 Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious threat for agricultural production in many provinces in China. In this study bacterial strains isolated from different environment were screened as potential biocontrol agents according to antagonistic tests on plates and experiments in greenhouse and field. Beforetime several bacterial isolates, such as ZAg, ZBts, and AR156 and so on, were chosen because of their in vitro antagonistic activity to only one R. solanacearum strain. However, based on the diversity analysis of R. solanacearum isolates from China, we found that even the same antagonist can show different antagonistic activity to diverse R. solanacearum strains. Strain Zs36 identified as Serratia spp. was selected because of its different inhibition to various 29 R. solanacearum strains. When 8 pathogen strains were chosen to do greenhouse experiments, the results indicated that the biocontrol efficacy of Zs36 to these R. solanacearum strains were between 19% and 70%. When it was applied together with other bacteria strains, the biocontrol efficacy against bacterial wilt of the mixture can reach 100%. This mixture controlled Phytophthora blight and root-knot nematode disease in a good efficiency as well. Furthermore, they can promote growth of tomato, pepper and cucumber and other plants. Besides, Zs36 colonized rhizosphere of plant perfectly. On the 14th day after seed inoculation, strain Zs36 colonized with the concentration of 5.05 × 107 cfu per gram rhizosphere soil when the concentration of the inoculum was around 2 × 109 cfu/ml. DGGE analysis for bacterial community of rhizosphere of plant treated with Zs36 showed that it had lesser effect on indigenous bacteria community. These work showed that Zs36 has a good commercial potential. Journal Article Xue,Q. Y.;Chen,Y.;Li,S. M.;Chen,L. F.;Ding,G. C.;Guo,D. W.;Guo,J. H. Evaluation of the strains of Acinetobacter and Enterobacter as potential biocontrol agents against Ralstonia wilt of tomato Biological Control Biol. Control 2009 48 3 252 258 Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, causes a considerable amount of damage to tomato in Southern China. Biological control is one of the more promising approaches to reduce the disease incidence and yield losses caused by this disease. Based on antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum and three soil-borne fungal pathogens as well as biocontrol efficacy in the greenhouse, two bacterial strains Xa6 (Acinetobacter sp.) and Xy3 (Enterobacter sp.) were selected out of fourteen candidates as potential biocontrol agents. In order to find a suitable antagonist inoculation method, we compared the methods of root-dipping with soil-drenching in the aspects including rhizocompetence, biocontrol efficacy, and effect of promoting plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The drenching treatment resulted in a higher biocontrol efficacy and plant-yield increase, and this method was also easier to operate in the field on a large scale. Field trials were conducted for further evaluation of these two antagonistic strains. In both greenhouse and field experiments, the strain Xy3 had a better control effect against bacterial wilt than Xa6 did, while Xa6 caused higher biomass or yield increases. As recorded on the 75th day after treatment in two field experiments, biocontrol efficacy of Xy3 was about 65% in both field trials, and the yield increases caused by Xa6 were 32.4 and 40.7%, respectively, in the two trials. This is the first report of an Acinetobacter sp. strain used as a BCA against Ralstonia wilt of tomato. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal Article Yabuuchi,E.;Kosako,Y.;Yano,I.;Hotta,H.;Nishiuchi,Y. Transfer of two Burkholderia and an Alcaligenes species to Ralstonia gen. nov.: Proposal of Ralstonia pickettii (Ralston, Palleroni and Douderoff 1973) comb. nov., Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) comb. nov. and Ralstonia eutropha (Davis 1969) comb. nov. Microbiology and Immunology Microbiol. Immunol. 1995 39 897 904 Journal Article Yamada,T.;Kawasaki,T.;Nagata,S.;Fujiwara,A.;Usami,S.;Fujie,M. New bacteriophages that infect the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Microbiology-Sgm Microbiol.-Sgm 2007 AUG 153 2630 2639 PT: J; PN: Part 8 1350-0872 000249044900026 Journal Article Yamada,Takashi;Satoh,Souichi;Ishikawa,Hiroki;Fujiwara,Akiko;Kawasaki,Takeru;Fujie,Makoto;Ogata,Hiroyuki A jumbo phage infecting the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum defines a new lineage of the Myoviridae family Virology Virology 2010 MAR 1 398 1 135 147 Jumbo bacteriophage;Ralstonia solanacearum;Genomic analysis;Proteomic analysis;Gene expression;GENOME SEQUENCE;PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA;BACTERIOPHAGE;GENE;VIRUSES;CHLORELLA;EVOLUTION;DATABASE;IDENTIFICATION;METABOLISM;Virology phi RSL1 is a jumbo myovirus stably and lytically infecting the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we investigate the infection cycle of phi RSL1 and provide a genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic view of this phage. Its 231-kbp genome sequence showed many genes lacking detectable homologs in the current databases and was vastly different from previously studied phage genomes. In addition to these orphan proteins, phi RSL1 was found to encode several enzymes that are unique among known viruses. These include enzymes for the salvage pathway of NAD(+) and for the biosynthetic pathways of lipid, carbohydrate and homospermidine. A chitinase-like protein was found to be a potential lysis enzyme. Our proteomics analysis suggests that phi RSL1 virions contain at least 25 distinct proteins. We identified six of them including a tail sheath protein and a topoisomerase IB by N-terminal sequencing. Based on a DNA microarray analysis, we identified two transcription patterns. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PT: J; NR: 64; TC: 0; J9: VIROLOGY; PG: 13; GA: 557KX ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE SAN DIEGO; 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA 0042-6822 [Yamada, Takashi; Satoh, Souichi; Ishikawa, Hiroki; Fujiwara, Akiko; Kawasaki, Takeru; Fujie, Makoto] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. [Ogata, Hiroyuki] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Microbiol Mediterranee, UPR2589, F-13288 Marseille 9, France.; Yamada, T, Hiroshima Univ, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan.; tayamad@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 000274669100014 English Article 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.043 Journal Article Yamazaki,H.;Hoshina,T. Calcium nutrition affects resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt HortScience HortScience 1995 30 1 91 93 Journal Article Yamazaki,H.;Ishizuka,O.;Hoshina,T. Relationship between resistance to bacterial wilt and nutrient uptake in tomato seedlings Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1996 42 203 208 Journal Article Yamazaki,H.;Kikuchi,S.;Hoshina,T.;Kimura,T. Effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution before and after inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum on resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1999 45 1009 1014 Journal Article Yamazaki,H. Relation between resistance to bacterial wilt and calcium nutrition in tomato seedlings Jarq-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 2001 JUL 35 3 163 169 PT: J 0021-3551 000170750200003 Journal Article Yamazaki,H.;Kikuchi,S.;Hoshina,T.;Kimura,T. Calcium uptake and resistance to bacterial wilt of mutually grafted tomato seedlings Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2000 JUN 46 2 529 534 PT: J 0038-0768 000087405900023 Journal Article Yamazaki,H.;Kikuchi,S.;Hoshina,T.;Kimura,T. Effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution on development of bacterial wilt and population of its pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in grafted tomato seedlings Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2000 JUN 46 2 535 539 PT: J 0038-0768 000087405900024 Journal Article Yang,C. H.;Ho,G. D. Resistance and susceptibility of Aradopsis thaliana to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 1998 88 330 334 Journal Article Yang,C. H.;Ho,G. D. Resistance and susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Plant Physiology Plant Physiol. 1997 JUL 114 3 43 43 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0032-0889 A1997XL11900088 Journal Article Yao,G.;Zhang,F.;Li,Z. Control of bacterial wilt with soil amendment Chinese Journal of Biological Control Chin. J. Biol. Control 1994 10 106 109 Journal Article Yao,J.;Allen,C. The plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum needs aerotaxis for normal biofilm formation and interactions with its tomato host Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2007 189 17 6415 6424 Journal Article Yao,J.;Allen,C. Diverse virulence and fitness functions are regulated by VsrAD in Ralstonia solanacearum Phytopathology Phytopathology 2007 JUL 97 7 S127 S127 PT: J; SU: Suppl. S 0031-949X 000247470001187 Journal Article Yao,J.;Allen,C. Chemotaxis is required for virulence and competitive fitness of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2006 MAY 188 10 3697 3708 PT: J 0021-9193 000237436800029 Journal Article Yeole,R. D.;Dube,H. C. Increased plant growth and yield through seed bacterization Indian Phytopathology Indian Phytopath. 1997 50 3 316 319 Journal Article Yi,Y. K.;Sul,K. C. Control strategy of acidified nutrient solution on bacterial wilt of tomato plants Korean Journal of Plant Pathology Korean J. Plant Pathol. 1998 17 744 746 Journal Article Yokose,T.;Katamoto,K.;Park,S.;Matsuura,H.;Yoshihara,T. Anti-Fungal Sesquiterpenoid from the Root Exudate of Solanum abutiloides Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2004 68 12 2640 2642 The Solanum abutiloides plant is highly resistant to soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahliae, and Ralstonia solanacearum. This species is utilized as a mating source of resistant cultivars and is also used as a rootstock. The root exudate of Solanum abutiloides was extracted from a soil system composed of charcoal and vermiculite. Anti-fungal activity was found in the extract, and an active ingredient was isolated. The chemical structure of the active compound was determined to be 3-.BETA.-acetoxysolavetivone, a new sesquiterpenoid. The anti-fungal activity of 3-.BETA.-acetoxysolavetivone examined by the inhibition of spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum was close to that of lubimin, and higher than that of solavetivone. Journal Article Yoshimochi,T.;Ohnishi,K.;Kiba,A.;Hikichi,Y. Functional analysis of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator PhcA in Ralstonia solanacearum Genes & genetic systems Genes Genet. Syst. 2006 DEC 81 6 435 435 PT: J 1341-7568 000245138300115 Journal Article Young,N. D. QTL mapping and quantitative disease resistance in plants Annual Review of Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1996 34 479 501 Journal Article Yu,Q.;Alvarez,A. M.;Moore,P. H.;Zee,F.;Kim,M. S.;de Silva,A.;Hepperly,P. R.;Ming,R. Molecular diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from ginger in Hawaii Phytopathology Phytopathology 2003 SEP 93 9 1124 1130 PT: J 0031-949X 000184943800008 Journal Article Zadoks,J. C. Plant disease epidemiology in the twentieth century Plant Disease Plant Dis. 2001 85 8 808 816 Journal Article Zalewski,J. C.;Sequeira,L. An antibacterial compound from Solanum phureja and its role in resistance to bacterial wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 1975 65 1336 1341 Journal Article Zalewski,J. C.;Sequeira,L. Antibacterial Compound from Solanum Phureja and its Role in Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Phytopathology Phytopathology 1975 65 12 1336 1341 PT: J 0031-949X A1975BC63200003 Journal Article Zandstra,H. G. Twenty-five years of international potato research, a retrospective and forward look Potato Research Potato Res. 1996 39 395 401 Journal Article Zdorovenko,E. L.;Vinogradov,E.;Wydra,K.;Lindner,B.;Knirel,Y. A. Structure of the oligosaccharide chain of the SR-type lipopolysaccharide of Ralstonia solanacearum Toudk-2 Biomacromolecules Biomacromolecules 2008 9 8 2215 2220 Aiming at improving classification and taxonomy of Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, we studied the structure of the lipopolysaccharide of Ralstonia solanacearum. Mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of strain Toudk-2 followed by gel chromatography resulted in an O-polysaccharide and two oligosaccharide fractions. The smallest-size oligosaccharide fraction was studied by sugar analysis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and, after fractionation by anion-exchange chromatography on HiTrap Q, by one- and two-dimensional H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the isolated oligosaccharides consist of the lipopolysaccharide core with one O-polysaccharide repeat (O-unit) attached. The core exists in two major glycoforms differing from each other in a lateral octulosonic acid residue, which is either D-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid. A peculiar feature of the core is the occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose nonstoichiometrically linked to a heptose residue. The full structures of the core and the biological O-unit as well as the site of the attachment of the O-unit to the core were established. Journal Article Zehnder,G. W.;Murphy,J. F.;Sikora,E. J.;Kloepper,J. W. Application of rhizobacteria for induced resistance European Journal of Plant Pathology Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2001 107 39 50 Journal Article Zhang,L.;Yang,Q.;Tosa,Y.;Nakayashiki,H.;Mayama,S. Involvement of gacA gene in the supression of tomato bacterial wilt by Pseudomonas fluorescence FPT9601 Journal of General Plant Pathology J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2001 67 134 143 Journal Article Zhang,G. S.;Jia,X. M.;Cheng,T. F.;Ma,X. H.;Zhao,Y. H. Isolation and characterization of a new carbendazim-degrading Ralstonia sp strain World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005 APR 21 3 265 269 PT: J 0959-3993 000230567100009 Journal Article Zhang,H. B.;Zhang,D. B.;Chen,J.;Yang,Y. D.;Huang,Z. J.;Huang,D. F.;Wang,X. C.;Huang,R. F. Tomato stress-responsive factor TSRF1 interacts with ethylene responsive element GCC box and regulates pathogen resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Plant Molecular Biology Plant Mol. Biol. 2004 AUG 55 6 825 834 PT: J 0167-4412 000226091100005 Journal Article Zhang,Z.;Coyne,D. P.;Vidaver,A. K.;Mitra,A. Expression of human lactoferrin cDNA confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in transgenic tobacco plants Phytopathology Phytopathology 1998 88 730 734 Journal Article Zhou,J. X.;Zhang,H. B.;Yang,Y. H.;Zhang,Z. J.;Zhang,H. W.;Hu,X. W.;Chen,J.;Wang,X. C.;Huang,R. F. Abscisic acid regulates TSRF1-mediated resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum by modifying the expression of GCC box-containing genes in tobacco Journal of Experimental Botany J. Exper. Botany 2008 59 3 645 652 Although recent studies have established a significant regulatory role for abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins in plant pathogen resistance, it is not clear whether and how ABA performs this role. Previously, it was reported that an ERF protein, TSRF1, activates the expression of GCC box-containing genes and significantly enhances the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in both tobacco and tomato plants. Here, it is reported that TSRF1-regulated pathogen resistance is modified by ABA application. TSRF1 activates the expression of ABA biosynthesis-related genes, resulting in the increase of ABA biosynthesis, which further stimulates ethylene production. More interestingly, ABA application decreases, while the inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis fluridone increases, the TSRF1-enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum. This observation is further supported by the finding that ABA and fluridone reversibly modify the ability of TSRF1 to bind the ethylene-responsive GCC box, consequently altering the expression of element-controlled genes. These results therefore establish that TSRF1-regulated resistance to R. solanacearum can be modified in tobacco by ABA. Journal Article Zhou,N. Y.;Fuenmayor,S. L.;Williams,P. A. nag genes of Ralstonia (formerly Pseudomonas) sp strain U2 encoding enzymes for gentisate catabolism Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2001 JAN 183 2 700 708 Ralstonia sp. strain U2 metabolizes naphthalene via gentisate to central metabolites. We have cloned and sequenced a 21.6-kb region spanning the nag genes. Upstream of the pathway genes are nagY, homologous to chemotaxis proteins, and nagR, a regulatory gene of the LysR family. Divergently transcribed from nagR are the genes for conversion of naphthalene to gentisate (nagAaGHAbAcAdBFCQED) (S. L. Fuenmayor, M. Wild, A. L. Boyes, and P. A. Williams, J. Bacteriol. 180:2522-2530, 1998), which except for the insertion of nagGH, encoding the salicylate 5-hydroxylase, are homologous to and in the same order as the genes in the classical upper pathway operon described for conversion of naphthalene to salicylate found in the NAH7 plasmid of Pseudomonas putida PpG7. Downstream of nahD is a cluster of genes (nagJIKLMN) which are probably cotranscribed with nagAaGHAbAcAdBFCQED as a single large operon. By cloning into expression vectors and by biochemical assays, three of these genes (nagIKL) have been shown to encode the enzymes involved in the further catabolism of gentisate to fumarate and pyruvate. NagI is a gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase which converts gentisate to maleylpyruvate and is also able to catalyze the oxidation of some substituted gentisates. NagL is a reduced glutathione-dependent maleylpyruvate isomerase catalyzing the isomerization of maleylpyruvate to fumarylpyruvate. NagK is a fumarylpyruvate hydrolase which hydrolyzes fumarylpyruvate to fumarate and pyruvate. The three other genes (nagJMN) have also been cloned and overexpressed, but no biochemical activities have been attributed to them. NagJ is homologous to a glutathione S-transferase, and NagM and NagN are proteins homologous to each other and to other proteins of unknown function. Downstream of the operon is a partial sequence with homology to a transposase. PT: J 0021-9193 000166121500033 Journal Article Zhou,N. Y.;Al-Dulayymi,J.;Baird,M. S.;Williams,P. A. Salicylate 5-hydroxylase from Ralstonia sp strain U2: a monooxygenase with close relationships to and shared electron transport proteins with naphthalene dioxygenase Journal of Bacteriology J. Bacteriol. 2002 MAR 184 6 1547 1555 PT: J 0021-9193 000174131800006 Journal Article Zhu,H. H.;Yao,Q. Localized and systemic increase of phenols in tomato roots induced by Glomus versiforme inhibits Ralstonia solanacearum Journal of Phytopathology J. Phytopathol. 2004 OCT 152 10 537 542 PT: J 0931-1785 000224524500002 Journal Article Zinger-Yosovich,K.;Sudakevitz,D.;Imberty,A.;Garber,N. C.;Gilboa-Garber,N. Production and properties of the native Chromobacterium violaceum fucose-binding lectin (CV-IIL) compared to homologous lectins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-IIL) and Ralstonia solanacearum (RS-IIL) Microbiology Microbiology 2006 FEB 152 457 463 PT: J; PN: Part 2 1350-0872 000235272400019 Journal Article Zinger-Yosovich,Keren D.;Gilboa-Garber,Nechama Blocking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ralstonia solanacearum lectins by plant and microbial branched polysaccharides used as food additives Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009 AUG 12 57 15 6908 6913 Antiadhesion polysaccharides;bacterial lectins;Chromobacterium violaceum;food additives;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Ralstonia solanacearum;HUMAN-MILK GLYCANS;PA-IIL LECTIN;ESCHERICHIA-COLI;BINDING-PROPERTIES;EGG-WHITE;RS-IIL;ADHESION;GLYCODENDRIMERS;INFANTS;GUM;Agriculture, Multidisciplinary;Chemistry, Applied;Food Science & Technology Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance prompted the search for glycodecoys that would block its lectin-dependent adhesion to human cells. We have used the lectins of this pathogen, PAIL (galactophilic LecA) and PA-IIL (fucophilic LecB), and two additional pathogenic bacterial lectins, CV-IIL (fucophilic, of Chromobacterium violaceum) and RS-IIL (mannophilic, of Ralstonia solanacearum), for assaying the pathogenic lectin-blocking abilities of some plant and microbial polysaccharidic food additives, adding the mannophilic plant lectin Con A as a reference. Locust-bean and guar galactomannans and acacia gum very strongly inhibited PA-IL. The other lectins, excluding CV-IIL, were very strongly inhibited by yeast mannan. Xanthan and inulin were weak inhibitors. The differential blocking of these lectins by galactosylated branches of plant polysaccharides and by mannan matched their inhibition by avian egg whites, human milk, and royal jelly (protecting animal embryos and neonates from infections). The nondigestability and nontoxicity of the food additives are advantageous for curing gastrointestinal and external infections. PT: J; NR: 40; TC: 0; J9: J AGR FOOD CHEM; PG: 6; GA: 477RW AMER CHEMICAL SOC WASHINGTON; 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA 0021-8561 [Zinger-Yosovich, Keren D.; Gilboa-Garber, Nechama] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.; Gilboa-Garber, N, Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.; garben@mail.biu.ac.il 000268537300057 English Article 10.1021/jf900631j Journal Article Zolobowska,L.;Van Gijsegem,F. Induction of lateral root structure formation on petunia roots: A novel effect of GMI1000 Ralstonia solanacearum infection impaired in Hrp mutants Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2006 JUN 19 6 597 606 PT: J 0894-0282 000237757200004